2025版高考英语总复习Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero教学案新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroStep1课前打算——单元考点自查自测1.词汇分层级识记过关2.语境活用填写过关3.经典句式背诵仿写过关4.类词巧积累事半功倍(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用

(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵Step2课堂探究——核心考点点点突破1.重点难点考点学通练透2.归纳总结拓绽开阔视野3.方法规律技巧权威点拨4.四平八稳打创高效课堂第一时段Warmingup&Reading1．devotevt.献身；用心于(与to连用)[教材原句]Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。(1)devote...to...把……奉献于……devoteoneselfto(doing)献身于……；致力于……(2)devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto(doing)．..用心于……；奉献于……(3)devotionn.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚单句语法填空①Idon'tthinkweshoulddevoteanymoretimeto_______(persuade)suchastubbornmantochangehismind.②Heisa________(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhischildrenandencouragedthemwhentheywereintrouble.③His________(devote)tohiscountrywashighlythoughtofbythepeople.句型转换④Shedevotedherselftothecauseofeducationandwaspraisedbythegovernment.→____________________________ofeducation,hewaspraisedbythegovernment.[答案]①persuading②devoted③devotion④Devotedtothecause2．attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击n．攻击；进攻；病情发作[教材原句]Wechosetoattackthelaws.我们选择向法律进攻。(1)underattack遭到攻击makeanattack攻击aheartattack心脏病突发(2)attacksb.攻击/抨击某人beattackedwith患……单句语法填空①Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegal________(attack)otherpeoplewithviolence.②Hearinghisdaughterattacked________cancer,heburstintotears.完成句子③Whatwillyoudoifyouare____________？Wouldyouliketo________________onthosewhoattackyou?你受到攻击时会怎么做呢？你会向攻击你的人发起攻击吗？[答案]①toattack②with③underattack;makeanattack3．equaladj.相等的；同等的；相当的；能胜任的n．同等的人；相等物v．与……相等，等于；比得上[教材原句]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将有助于我们实现使黑人和白人同等的幻想。(1)AequalsBin...在……方面A比得上Bbeequalto＋n./doingsth.等于；与……相等；胜任(2)equalityn.相等；同等equallyadv.相等地；同等地单句语法填空①Littlepleasurecanbeequal________thatofacooldrinkinhotsummer.②Myroommateequalsme________maths,buthisEnglishisbetter.完成句子③Anyman________________thetask,solongasheiscareful.只要细心任何人都能胜任这项任务。[答案]①to②in③willbeequalto[学问顾问](1)用作形容词，意为“相同的”“相等的”，beequalto表示“等于”“能胜任”“能应付”等，其中的to是介词(其后接动词时应用动名词)。(2)用作及物动词，意为“等于”“比得上”等，equalsb.in...表示“在……方面比得上某人”，不要在其后加介词to。(3)用作名词，意为“相等的事物”“(地位等)相同的人”等，是可数名词。4．introuble在危急、受罚、苦痛、忧虑等的境况中[教材原句]EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.当伊莱亚斯处于逆境中的时候他就去找纳尔逊·曼德拉。askfortrouble自找麻烦；自寻苦恼getintotrouble陷入逆境maketrouble惹是生非；制造麻烦havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难takethetroubletodosth.不辞辛苦地做某事单句语法填空①AlthoughMikewas________trouble,hedidn'tloseheart.②I'llneverforgetthetroubleIhad________(try)topersuadehimtoraisemoneyforthepoor.③Thankyouforthetroubleyou'retaken________(help)me.[答案]①in②trying③tohelp[易错提示]introuble表示处于“麻烦”的状态中，没冠词修饰，名词用单数。5．turnto求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；起先从事；查阅；转向[教材原句]WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉运用暴力以使黑人和白人同等呢？turndown关小；拒绝turnaway拒绝……入内；把……打发走turnup出现；露面；调大turnout证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turnover打翻；翻身；移交单句语法填空①Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.②Ipolitelyturned________hisrequestandleftwithouthesitation.③Hepromisedtoattendthepartybuthehasn'tturned________.④Itturned________thathewasinnocent.[答案]①to②down③up④out6．“only＋副词”句式[教材原句]...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到这个时候，我们才确定用暴力抗拒暴力。(1)“only＋副词”作状语置于句首，句子采纳部分倒装形式。①Onlyyesterday________________thetruth,whichwasabigsurprise.昨天他父亲才把真相告知他，这对他真是一个令人惊讶的消息。②Onlythen________________theimportanceofhealth.只有到了那时候，我才意识到健康的重要性。(2)“only＋介词短语”作状语放在句首，句子需用部分倒装形式。③Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachother________________thosedaystogetherhappily.只有通过相互理解彼此学习，我们才能一起快乐地度过那些美妙的日子。(3)“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句采纳部分倒装形式。④OnlywhenIgrewup______________________________theresponsibilityofbeingparents.只有当我长大了以后，我才理解了作为父母的责任。⑤Onlywhenhecameback________________thetruth.只有当他回来的时候，我们才知道了真相。(4)only修饰主语，即使放在句首也不倒装。⑥Onlyshe___________________________inanhour.只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。[答案]①didhisfathertellhim②didIrealize③couldwespend④didIunderstand⑤didweknow⑥canfinishthework[方法规律](1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装形式。语境串考点(语法填空)StephenHawking1.____________(attack)withmotorneuronediseaseandhewas2.____________trouble.Hefoughtagainsthisillnessandhis3.____________(devote)tosciencehadno4.____________(equally)intheworld.Butinhisdailylife,hesufferedalot.Only5.____________heturned6.____________acomputercouldhespeak,readandwrite.Inhiswholelifeheliveda7.____________(peace)lifeandtook8.____________activepartinexperimenting.Hesetanexampletothe9.____________(young).10.____________(sad)hediedon14th,March,2024.[答案]1.wasattacked2.in3.devotion4.equal5.when6.to7.peaceful8.an9.youth10.Sadly其次时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．escapevi.逃脱；泄露n．逃跑，溢出，漏出[教材原句]Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人都逃不出来的监狱。(1)escape(doing)sth.躲避(做)某事escapefrom从……逃脱(2)anarrowescape九死一生单句语法填空①Heescaped____________(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.②Seeingthepoisonousgasescaping________thebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.完成句子③Hehad_______________.Luckily,hewasableto____________theburningbuilding.他九死一生。幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃了出来。[答案]①beingkilled②from③anarrowescape;escapefrom2．rewardn.&vt.酬劳；奖金；酬劳；奖赏[教材原句]TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的同等权利而奋斗的回报。(1)asareward(for...)作为(对……的)酬劳/奖赏inrewardfor为答谢……；作为……的嘉奖(2)rewardsb.forsth.因某事而奖赏某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物回报某人(3)rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的单句语法填空①Shestartedsingingtothebabyand____________(reward)withasmile.②I'dliketodosomethinginreward________herkindness.③Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand________(reward)．[答案]①wasrewarded②for③rewarding3．loseheart丢失志气或信念[教材原句]Thescientistfromwhomthegovernmentheardthebadnewsneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.那个告知政府坏消息的科学家在逆境中从来没灰心过。(1)loseone'sheartto爱上……putone'sheartinto用心于learn...byheart记住……breakone'sheart使心碎；使某人难过(2)heartandsoul一心一意单句语法填空①Althoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidn'tlose________(heart)．②Helosthisheart________playingfootball.③Thoughheputhisheart________writingpoems,itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved.单句写作④作为一名公务员，你应当一心一意为人民服务。Asacivilservant,youshouldservethepeople_______________.[答案]①heart②to③into④heartandsoul4．cometopower当权；上台；执政[教材原句]IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMr.MandelaandtheANCcametopowerin1994.在曼德拉先生和非洲民族议会1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。(1)beinpower当权；执政comeintopower上台；执政；当权(2)doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth.竭尽所能做某事withinone'spower某人力所能及的beyondone'spower超出某人的实力单句语法填空①Hehasbeen________powerfortenyearsbuthedoesn'twanttoleaveoffice.②Afterhecame________power,themandevotedmostofhistimetosocietywork.③I'lldoeverythinginmypower____________(help)you.[答案]①in②to③tohelp5．setup建立；设立；创办[教材原句]setuplawofficetohelppoorblackpeopleinJohannesburg设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的贫困黑人供应帮助setdown登记；写下setaside把……放在一边；省出；留出setoff动身；动身；使爆炸setout动身；动身；着手做setaboutdoingsth.＝setouttodosth.起先做某事选用上述短语填空①You'dbetter____________whatyourteachersaidinclass.②Themomenthearrivedhome,he____________readingthebook.③Theyoungmanhopeshe'll____________hisownbusinesssomeday.④Thechildren____________fireworksduringthefestival.单句写作⑤《中国好歌曲》搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现他们的幻想。TheSongofChinahas_____________________________wheresomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.[答案]①setdown②setabout③setup④setoff⑤setupastage6．“thefirsttime”引导时间状语从句[教材原句]IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。(1)thefirsttime“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slesson____________heattendedhisclass.他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感爱好。(2)Itisthefirsttime＋that从句(从句中通常运用现在完成时态)和Itwasthefirsttime＋that从句(从句中通常运用过去完成时态)，意为“这是第一次……”，其中that可省略。②Itwasthefirsttime(that)he____________severalleadersoftheWesternHemisphereatonetime.这是他首次在同一时间会见多位西半球国家领导人。③ItisthefirsttimethatI____________suchaninterestingbook.这是我第一次读这么好玩的书。[答案]①thefirsttime②hadmet③haveread[学问顾问](1)forthefirsttime意为“首次；第一次”，表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。(2)atthefirsttime是介词短语，意为“在第一次”，仅仅是指出时间依次，一般状况下已有多件同类型的事务发生过，而此处仅仅指的是第一次发生的时候，不强调“独一无二”。语境串考点(短文改错)JohnhadjustsetabouthisfactoryatfirsttimeImethim.Hebegedmetomanagehisbusiness.AssoonasIcametothepower,Isetouttoeducatingtheworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescapetheclassroom.Finallymyeffortswerereward.Alltheworkersweresoeducatingthattheyraisedtheproduction.Becauseofhigherquality,thegoodssoldwell.Throughmyexperience,Iknow“ifyoudon'tloseyourheart,you'llsucceedintime.”[答案]Johnhadjustseteq\o(about,\s\do15(up))hisfactoryeq\o(at,\s\do15(the))firsttimeImethim.Heeq\o(beged,\s\do15(begged))metomanagehisbusiness.AssoonasIcametoeq\o(the,＼)power,Isetouttoeq\o(educating,\s\do15(educate))theworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescapeeq\o(∧,\s\do15(from))theclassroom.Finallymyeffortswereeq\o(reward,\s\do15(rewarded)).Alltheworkersweresoeq\o(educating,\s\do15(educated))thattheyraisedtheproduction.Becauseofeq\o(higher,\s\do15(high))quality,thegoodssoldwell.Throughmyexperience,Iknow“ifyoudon'tloseeq\o(your,＼)heart,you'llsucceedintime.”Step3课后演练——学问实力链接高考Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewater________(qualify)．[答案]quality2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,the________(reward)wereworththedifficulttrip.[答案]rewards3．(2024·江苏卷)Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorly________ruralareasandlowestinhighly________urbanareas.(educate)[答案]educated;educated4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretoo________(violence)foruseatthetable.[答案]violent5．Behavinginthis________(self)and________(devote)manner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears.[答案]selfless;devoted6．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork，hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.[答案]beingfired7．Idon'tthinkheisequalto________(do)thiskindofwork,soIcan'thirehim.[答案]doing8．TheescapeddriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000and________(sentence)toupto3yearsinprison.[答案]besentenced9．Qinghuauniversity，________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.[答案]founded10．Hewas________greattrouble，sohehadtoturn________hisex­wifeforhelp,________madehimsodepressed.[答案]in;to;whichⅡ.单句改错1．SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforonhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”competition.____________[答案]去掉on2．Althoughhedidn'tpasstheexamhedidn'tlosehisheart.____________[答案]去掉his3．Thelittlegirlwassoexcitedtobetakenabroadthefirsttime.____________[答案]在abroad后加for4．Itwasgenerousforhertopayforusthatday.____________[答案]第一个for→of5．ThiswasatimewhichtherewerenoTVsetsandmobilephones.____________[答案]which→when6．Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstohelpthedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.____________[答案]help→helping7．Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhourstheymakeadecision.____________[答案]在hours后加did8．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.____________[答案]去掉when9．Thispositionisequalsuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasworkexperience.____________[答案]equal→equally10．Shepretendedtobecalmbutasmatteroffactshewasmorethannervousatthetimeshewasbeingquestioned.____________[答案]在as后加aⅢ.依据提示词及相关要求完成句子1．国庆节见证了人们在街上唱歌跳舞。(see)NationalDay__________________________________anddancinginthestreet.[答案]sawpeoplesinging2．只有这样我们才能生活在一个舒适漂亮的环境中。(倒装句)Onlyinthisway_________________________________________comfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.[答案]canwelivein3．第一次失去我最好的挚友的时候，我以为世界末日到了。(thefirsttime)_________________________________________,Ithoughtitwastheendoftheworld.[答案]ThefirsttimeIlostmybestfriend4．他是最终一个离开教室的学生。(序数词＋名词＋todo)Hewasthe_________________________________________theclassroom.[答案]laststudenttoleave5．这是一个我不愿上学的时期。(Itis/wasatimewhen...)Itwas___________________________Ihatedtogotoschool.[答案]atimewhen6．既然你不能回答这个问题，我会去问别人。(since)_________________________________________thequestion，Iwillaskothers.[答案]Sinceyoucan'tanswer高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细微环节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·浙江卷)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam－poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf－dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.语篇解读：本文通过叙述查尔斯·狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，呼吁读者在狄更斯200周年诞辰来临之际，纪念狄更斯。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.[解析]细微环节理解题。题目要求找出最能描述18世纪小说特点的选项，由文章第一段最终一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者简直有害至极)．”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，因此选C。A选项中的difficulttounderstand以及B选项中的amongtherich在文章中并没有出现，故解除A、B两项。D选项中的mostlybywomen错误，文章中“oftenwithsomethinglike‘Byalady’”只是举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，因此解除D。[答案]C2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature[解析]推理推断题。其次段中“TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》相比是因为《蒙娜丽莎》很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再结合第三段查尔斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的缘由是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推想选D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名声，因此解除A项；B选项中的hisinterestinmodernart在文中未被提及，因此解除B项；C选项中的inpublication错误，因为本段主要讲解并描述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以解除C项。[答案]D3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.[解析]写作意图题。由文章最终一段最终一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年诞辰之际，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己拥有持续影响力的，因此A项“纪念一个宏大的作家”正确。文章主要讲解并描述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，因此解除B项；C选项“激励有关文化方面的探讨”与文章主题不符，因此解除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，因此解除D项。[答案]AB(2024·山东郯城二中教学质量监测)ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW－MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookintheworld,whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It'sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways,shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲解并描述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不仅是一位闻名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境爱护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在牢记她。4．WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A．Herlifeandworkexperiences.B．Herspecialtyinanimated(动画)pictures.C．Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.D．Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.[解析]推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充溢冒险和危急的世界中探险)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经验为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。[答案]A5．Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.C．Motivated. D．Inspired.[解析]词义揣测题。依据画线词后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比较懊丧的。故选A。[答案]A6．WhatisBeatrixPotter?A．Abotanistandartist.B．Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C．Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.D．Anartisticdirector.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist，”以及倒数其次段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插图画家、自然环境爱护者和农夫。故选C。[答案]C7．Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A．IncelebrationofPotter's150thbirthday.B．InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.C．InpraiseofPotter'sspiritofselflessness.D．InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.[解析]写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲解并描述主子公的生平事迹，再依据最终一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。[答案]ACStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2024torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethecommonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天体物理学)andcosmology(宇宙学)．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(滥伐森林),anddecimation(大批杀死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考虑不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探测器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(开端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明白人类必需离开地球在太空中找一处新家的缘由。8．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.[解析]细微环节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2024年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探究，故选C项。[答案]C9．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored[解析]词义揣测题。由该词前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。[答案]C10．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.[解析]观点看法题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的将来持悲观的看法，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的缘由，故选A项。[答案]A11．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．astronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth[解析]细微环节理解题。由第一段的其次句和第五段的其次句可知，人类必需离开地球的缘由是：人类处于危急之中，地球受到威逼，故选A项。[答案]AD(2024·辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测一)HillaryfailedtobepresidentofAmerica,butsheneverfailstoserveAmericaallherlife.HillaryDianeRodhamwasborninChicago,Illinois,onOctober26,1947，daughterofHughandDorothyRodham.SheandhertwoyoungerbrothersgrewupinParkRidge,Illinois.Anexcellentstudent,shewasalsoaGirlScoutandamemberofthelocalMethodistyouthgroup.Hillaryalsoenjoyedsportsandwasalwaysinterestedinpolitics.SheenteredWellesleyCollegein1965.Graduatingwithhighhonors,shemovedontoYaleLawSchool,wheresheservedontheBoardofEditorsoftheYaleReviewofLawandSocialAction.WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.ItwastherethatshemetBillClinton,afellowstudent.HillaryleftWashingtonandfollowedherhearttoArkansas,marryingBillClintonin1975.ThecoupletaughttogetheronthelawschooloftheUniversityofArkansasatFayetteville.Theirdaughter,Chelsea,wasbornin1980.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,Hillarycontinuedtoworktirelesslyonbehalfofchildrenandfamilies.InadditiontochairingtheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee,shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.SheintroducedapioneeringprogramcalledtheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungstersintoArkansas,whichtrainedparentstoworkwiththeirchildreninpreschoolpreparednessandliteracy.HillaryalsoservedontheboardoftheArkansasChildren'sHospital.Inrecognitionofherprofessionalandpersonalaccomplishments,HillarywasnamedArkansasWomanoftheYearin1983andArkansasMotheroftheYearin1984.Women'sInternationalCenterproudlypresentedtheLivingLegacyAwardtoHillaryRodhamClintonforhervastcontributionsinsomanyfields,especiallyhonoringherworkforwomenandchildren.语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的相关状况，包括她的家庭、所受的教化、事业以及为妇女和儿童做出的贡献等。12．WherewasitthatHillarybegantoshowherconcernforchildren'sinterests?A．InChicago,Illinois.B．AtWellesleyCollege.C．InWashingtonandArkansas.D．AtYaleLawSchool.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据第三段的倒数其次句“WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特殊关切儿童及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。[答案]D13．WhichofthefollowingwassetupbyHillary?A．TheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee.B．TheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.C．TheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungsters.D．TheArkansasChildren'sHospital.[解析]细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中的“shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”，故B项正确。[答案]B14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BillClintonandHillarybothgraduatedfromWellesleyCollege.B．BillClintonandHillaryfoundedtheUniversityofArkansas.C．Hillarydidagreatdealforchildrenandwomenin