2024年事业编+烟草考试英语部分专项练习一

招聘考试英語部分专題练习（壹）PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Ifthesalinityofoceanwaterisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind;this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwelltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsofoceansoftheworld.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Wheredowegetourtablesalt?B.OceanicsalinityintropicalregionsC.ThreebasicprocessesthatalteroceanicsalinityD.Variationsofsalinityindifferentpartsoftheocean2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoceanicsalinityisusuallylowerin_____.A.tropicalregionsB.coastalregionsC.placesinwhichwarmcurrentsandcoldcurrentsmeetD.theAntarctica3.Allofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreaseoceansalinityexcept_____.A.precipitationB.runoffC.meltingD.evaporation4.Whatdoestheword“subtraction"inthefourthlineofthefirstparagraphmean?A.reductionB.influxC.transformationD.freezing5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationoficeinoceans?A.Thesurroundingwatersinks.B.Thewaterbecomesdenser.C.Watersalinitydecreases.D.Thesurroundingwaterbecomescolder.Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Morethanacenturyago,therelationshipbetweenglacialiceandtheamountofwaterintheoceanbasinswasfirstseen.Whenthegreaticesheetcoveredvastlandareas,thesealevelwasloweredbecausethenormalreturnofwaterfromlandtotheoceanwasreduced.Asaresult,thesealevelroseasIceAgeglaciersmeltedallowingthemeltedwaterstoflowintotheocean.Ifalltheglacialiceonthesurfaceoftheearthtodayshouldmelt,thesealevelmightrisebymorethan150feet.Shorelinevariationsarealsoproducedthroughelevationordepressionoftheland.Duringtimesofglacierformationsthegreatweightoftheiceslowlydepressedtheearth'scrust.Removaloftheweightthroughglaciermeltingallowedtheslowreturnofthecrusttoitsformerposition.ChangesintheGreatIceclimatesfromcoolandwettowarmanddryproducedclimatechangesfarfromtheglaciatedarea.Forexample,attimesofcool-wetglacialclimates,levelsofinlandlakesrose,incontrasttothedepressionofsealevel.Duringthewarm-dryinterglacialclimates,lakelevelswerelowered.TheancientlakeBonneville,largestoftheglaciallakesinWesternUnitedStates,oncecoveredmorethan20,000squaremiles.Ithadamaximumdepthofmorethan1,000feet.GreatSaltLakeinUtahistheshrunkenremnantofthisoncelargelake.Althoughthefirsttimethatearlymanwalkedontheearthisuncertain,heislargelyaproductoftheGreatIceAge.Presentinformationshowsthatduringthistimeheevolvedrapidlybothphysicallyandculturally.HismostprimitivetoolsandskeletalremainshavebeenfoundinsomeoftheoldestdepositscontemporarywiththeGreatIceAgeinAfrica,AsiaandEurope.Theseareoftenassociatedwithremainsofextinctanimals.Withthedisappearanceofthegreaticesheets,theBronzeandIronAgeculturesevolved.Aboutthistimemanyanimalssuitedtocoolerclimatesdied.Althoughmuchremainstobelearned,thestoryoftheGreatIceAgeisbeingunfoldedthroughtheeffortsofspecialistsinmanyfields.Recordingfieldobservation,newtheoriesandmethods,andworldwidestudiesofexistingglaciersarebringingaclearerunderstandingoftheGreatIceAge.6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTimpliedinthepassage?A.ManhasalotmoretolearnabouttheGreatIceAge.B.Theartofmakingtoolswasinstrumentalinbringingabouttheevolutionofhumanbrain.C.ManyspecieswerenotsuitedtothewarmerclimatesoftheBronzeandIronAge.D.Therelationshipbetweenglacialiceandtheamountofwaterintheoceanbasinswasnotseenuntilmorethanahundredyearsago.7.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingwillinducethedepressionofsealevel?A.formationofgreatmassesoficesheetonthelandB.precipitationC.shorelinevariationsD.theadventofwarm-dryinterglacialclimates8.WhydoestheauthorcitetheexampleoftheGreatSaltLakeinUtah?A.toshowthatitisalakecreatedintheGreatIceAgeB.toshowthatitoncewasthelargestlakeintheUnitedStatesC.toshowthatitevolvedfromtheBronzeandIronAgeD.toshowthatitiswhatremainedoftheoncelargelake9.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedaboutearlymanbasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage?A.TheexacttimeofhisappearanceontheEarthisuncertain.B.HeevolvedrapidlyphysicallyandculturallyduringtheBronzeandIronAge.C.Theabilitytomakeprimitivetoolsdistinguishedmanfromotheranimals.D.Earlymanlivedmainlyonanimalshunted.10.ThebestsourceofinformationabouttheGreatIceAgeisobtainedfrom_____.A.rockformationsB.fossilremainsC.primitivetoolsusedbyearlymanD.Antarctica'sancientglacierQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenbornahundredyearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporary(現代的)societies,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoftengoonwelfareiftheyhaveaseriousillness.Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweaktocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescent(康复的)hospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-makingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsored(赞助)byreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimplydumpinggroundsforthedyinginwhichcareisgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunder-skilledpersonnel.11.Whatwasthecausetothepopulationgrowthaccordingtothepassage?A.increaseofbirthrateB.advanceinmedicalcareC.well-administeredsocialwelfareD.thedecreaseofdeathrate12.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatinsometraditionalsocieties_____.A.infantsmaybelefttodiewhenthereisn'tenoughfoodtogoaroundB.oldandsickpeoplearecaredforathomeuntiltheydiedC.peoplearerequiredtoretireatacertainageD.peoplewhoaretooweakorillhavetotakecareofthemselves13.Whatdoestheword“senile”inthefirstlineofthelastparagraphmean?A.advancedinageB.sickC.disabledD.capricious14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthenursinghomesandconvalescenthospitalsmentionedintheparagraph?A.suspiciousB.optimisticC.neutralD.criticalQuestions15to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Althoughwealreadyknowagreatdealaboutinfluenza,andalthoughtheWorldHealthOrganizationisconstantlycollectingdetailedinformationfromitschainofinfluenzareferencelaboratoriesthroughouttheworld,itisextremelydifficultforepidemiologists(流行病专家),whostudyinfectiousdisease,topredictwhenandwherethenextfluepidemicwilloccur,andhowsevereitwillbe.Therearethreekindsofinfluenzavirus,knownasA,BandC.InfluenzaCvirusisrelativelystableandcausesmildinfectionsthatdonotspreadfarthroughthepopulation.TheAandBtypesareunstable,andareresponsiblefortheepidemicsthatcausefrequentconcern.Followinganyvirusattack,thehumanbodybuildsupantibodieswhichconferimmunitytothatstrainofvirus,butaviruswiththecapacitytochangeitscharacterisabletoby-passthisprotection.VariabilityislessdevelopedintheinfluenzaBvirus,whichaffectsonlyhumanbeings.AninfluenzaBvirusmaycauseawidespreadepidemicbutwillhavelittleeffectifintroducedintothesamecommunitysoonafterwards,sincenearlyeveryonewillhavebuiltupantibodiesandwillbeimmune.TheinfluenzaAvirus,whichaffectsanimalsalso,isextremelyunstableandisresponsibleforsomeoftheworstoutbreaksofthedisease,suchastheunparalleledpandemic,orworldepidemic,of1918-1919,whenabouthalftheworld'spopulationwereinfectedandabouttwentymillionpeopledied,somefrompneumoniacausedbythevirusitselfandsomefromsecondarycomplications(并发症)causedbybacteria.Accuratepredictionisdifficultbecauseofthecomplicationofthefactors.Aparticularvirusmayberelatedtoonetowhichsomeofthepopulationhavepartialinvolvedimmunity.Theextenttowhichitwillspreadwilldependonfactorssuchasitsownstrength,orvirulence,theeasewithwhichitcanbetransmittedandthestrengthoftheoppositionitencounters.Scientists,however,haveareliablegeneralpictureoftheworldsituation.InfluenzaAattacksusinwaveseverytwoorthreeyears,whileinfluenzaB,whichtravelsmoreslowly,launchesitsmainassaultseverythreetosixyears.Theoutbreaksvaryfromisolatedcasestoepidemicsinvolvingatenthormoreofthepopulation.Wemayconfidentlyprophesythatsoonerorlaterlargenumbersofpeoplewillbefeelingtheunpleasanteffectsofsomekindofinfluenzavirus.15.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.SymptomsofInfluenzaB.ManVersusVirusC.WorldHealthOrganization:ForefrontagainstInfluenzaVirusD.VariabilityofInfluenzaVirus16.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutinfluenza?A.Manhasobtainedagreatdealofknowledgeaboutinfluenza.B.Theoccurrenceofinfluenzaisstillunpredictable.C.InfluenzaisbeingstudiedextensivelyandsystematicallyinmanycountriesintheworldundertheguidanceofWorldHealthOrganization.D.Noreliabletreatmentofinfluenzahasyetbeenfound.17.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheinfluenzaBvirus?A.Bvirusisrelativelystableandcausesmildinfectionsthatdonotspreadfarthroughthepopulation.B.Bvirusisunstable,andisresponsiblefortheepidemicsthatcausefrequentconcern.C.Bvirusisextremelyunstableandisresponsibleforsomeoftheworstoutbreaksofthedisease.D.Bvirushasaverydevelopedvariability,anditaffectsonlyhumanbeings.18.Whichofthefollowingisthemostdangerousvirusaccordingtothepassage?A.influenzaAvirusB.influenzaBvirusC.influenzaCvirusD.itcannotbedeterminedbytheinformationprovided19.Whatdoestheword“assault”intheeighthlineofthelastparagraphmean?A.influenceB.attackC.symptomD.damage20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtotheextenttowhichavirusspreads?A.thestrengthofthevirusB.thestrengthoftheoppositionthevirusencountersC.theeasewithwhichtheviruscanbetransmittedD.theimmunitytheviruscaninducePartIIVocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.21.Thefactshesuppliedwerenotrelevant_____thecaseinquestion.A.withB.toC.forD.about22.Acommitteehasbeen_____bythecounseltolookintothecausesofunemployment.A.designedB.devisedC.workedD.setup23.Fewarticlesinthenewspapers_____moreattentionthanthatreportingthemurdercasewithO.J.Simpsoninvolved.A.enlistB.divertC.drawD.absorb24.Julia_____twochildrensinceshegotmarriedin1990.A.givesbirthtoB.hasgivenbirthtoC.hasbeengivingbirthtoD.gavebirthto25.Thehospitalwasbuiltonthesideofariver,hence_____.A.ithasthenameRiversideB.giventhenameRiversideC.hasgotthenameRiversideD.thenameRiverside26.Ittookthemseveralweeksto_____thewildhorse.A.cultivateB.civilizeC.curbD.tame27.Bythetimeyougraduate,we_____inAustraliaforoneyear.A.willbestayingB.willhavestayedC.wouldhavestayedD.havestayed28.Heappreciated_____thechancetodeliverhisthesisintheannualsymposiumonComparativeLiterature.A.havinggivenB.tohavebeengivenC.tohavegivenD.havingbeengiven29.Theyleftfortheairportveryearlyinthemorning_____trafficjam.A.inlinewithB.attheriskofC.incaseofD.forthesakeof30.Livinginthedesertinvolvesalotofproblems,_____watershortageistheworst.A.nottomentionB.ofwhichC.letaloneD.forwhat31.Thegovernmentofficialcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisargumentsinfavoroftherevisionofthetaxlaw.A.onwhichtobaseB.whichtobebasedonC.tobaseonwhichD.onwhichtobebased32.Hydrogenisoneofthemostimportantelementintheuniverse_____itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.A.sothatB.butthatC.providedthatD.inthat33.Justasrelaxationisanimportantpartofourlives,_____stress.A.soisB.asitisC.andsoisD.thesameis34.Whileayoungman,hedecidedtoputasidealittlemoneyeverymonthtomakeforhisoldage.A.provisionB.supplyC.adjustmentD.insurance35.Thesalesdepartmenthassubmitteda_____oftheirannualsalesreporttotheboardofdirectors.A.scheduleB.sketchC.shorthandD.scheme36.Itwouldbedifficultforanyonetobehaveina_____waywhenoneisinafuriousstate.A.rationalB.legalC.stableD.credible37.Thefinalexamsapproached,_____thestudentsbecamemoreandmorenervous.A.notwithstandingB.forC.althoughD.as38.Vingotookabusandheadedforhome,ifhiswifewouldhave_____himback.A.nottoknowB.notknownC.notknowingD.nothavingknown39.Wecanmakeanexception_____.A.inanycaseofJohnB.incaseofJohnC.incaseofJohn'sD.inthecaseofJohn40.WhentheCulturalRevolutionwaslaunchedinChina,hisfather_____college.A.attendedB.hadbeenattendingC.wasattendingD.hasbeenattending41.It'snotsafetocarryvaluablesaroundhere.You'dbetter_____theminthehotelsafealongwithyourpassport.A.saveB.hideC.packD.deposit42.Toproof-readthesepilesofdocumentsisverytime_____.A.consumingB.spendingC.expendingD.wasting43.Accordingtotheweather_____,tomorrowwillbeovercastanddull.A.forecastB.forewordC.premonitionD.prophecy44.Armedwithallthefirst-handevidence,Iwasableto_____hisargumentinthecourt.A.denyB.refuseC.contradictD.refute45.Thisinformationdoesn'tshedanylight_____theproblem.A.inB.towardC.onD.to46.Theyfeeltheyarejustified_____thechildbecausehewasnotbehavinghimself.A.topunishB.tobepunishingC.inpunishingD.punishing47.Wecan'tjust_____hisguilt.We'vegottohavesomehardevidencetoproveit.A.assumeB.presumeC.believeinD.guess48._____inthefirstroundofthecompetition,ourteamtooktheearliestflightback.A.BeingknockedoutB.HavingbeenknockedoutC.WewereknockedoutD.Wehadbeenknockedout49.Ifthedoorwasnotforcedopen,_____thattheburglarmusthavehadakey.A.itfollowsB.itisfollowedC.followingisD.itwillbefollowed50.Thefamousfootballstarwas_____withthemurderofhisex-wifeandherboyfriend.A.convictedB.chargedC.blamedD.accused参照答案PartIReadingComprehension1.D。文章的重要内容是在不壹样的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度。2.B。根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，由于有淡水河流的注入，因此盐度较低。3.D。文中第壹段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增長。降水、径流、溶化都是減少盐分的過程。4.A。subtraction的意思是“減少，抽走”。5.C。文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成會引起盐度的增長。因此C显然不是海水結冰的成果。6.B。工具的制造對人脑的進化起到了至关重要的作用，這壹點并未在文中提到。7.A。文中開頭提到當大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖時，由于注入海洋的地表径流量減少，使得海平面下降。8.D。作者在第壹段的結尾处举大盐湖的例子是為了阐明它是壹度覆盖平方英裏的波那维尔湖由于在间冰期的温暖干燥時期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而形成的。9.A。文中第二段的開頭指出，人类最初出目前地球上的時间還不能最终确定。10.C。文中第二段指出，发現的人类在冰河時代的工具和人骨可以协助人們對冰河時代的状况有更多的理解。11.D。文中第壹段指出，人口的增長并不是由于出生率的增長，而是死亡率的下降。12.B。文章第二段阐明，在過去的、老式型的社會中，老人壹般在自已的家裏得到照顾直到寿终正寝。13.A。senile的意思是“年老的”。14.D。從文章的最终壹段可以看出，作者對于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用的大多是贬义詞。如dumpinggrounds，poorlypaid,overworked,和underskilled。15.B。文章讨论的重要话題是不壹样的感冒病毒對人的影响，因此最合适的題目是“人和病毒”。16.D。文章并没有提到人們還没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方。17.B。文章第二段開頭指出，B型病毒不稳定，并且往往會引起大范围的传染病的传播。18.A。通過文章的简介，可以看出，A型病毒是這三种病毒中對人类危害的壹种，由于它不稳定，并會导致危害性极大的流感的传播。19.B。assault的意思是“袭击”。20.D。文章最终壹段阐明，病毒传播的程度和它自身的强度，它碰到的抵御力，和它传播的难易程度都是亲密有关的。不過文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力。PartIIIVocabularyandStructure21.B。relevantto：有关，切題。22.D。“成立壹种委员會”：tosetupacommittee。setup在這裏是“创立、開办、建立”的意思。23.C。drawattentiontosomething:把某人的注意力吸引到……上来。也可以說attractone'sattentiontosomething。24.B。givebirthto：生子，产崽。由于有完毕時态的標志詞since，因此必须用目前完毕時。25.D。hence是個副詞，“因此”。這個詞较正式，使用方法也较特殊