高中三年级上学期英语《阅读的篇章架构》教学课件

篇章架构LearningObjectivesInthisclass,wewillbeableto1.identifydifferenttypesoftextsandsummarizethecharacteristicsofthemrespectively；2.analyzethestructureoftextgivenandevaluatethewriter’swritingpurpose.Introduction语篇知识:语篇如何构成、如何表达意义以及如何在交流中使用语篇微观：句子内部语法结构、词语搭配、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等宏观：段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系，语篇类型、语篇格式等意义：发展语言运用能力的基础，有效理解听到或读到的语篇(立论句、段落主题句、话语标记语)；根据交流需要选择恰当语篇类型、设计合理语篇结构、规划语篇组成部分、保持语篇衔接性和连贯性(作文中恰当的语篇结构可使逻辑更加清晰，内容更有条理，整个语篇更加连贯)TypesofTexts应用文(practicalwriting)记叙文(narration)说明文(exposition)议论文(argumentation)夹叙夹议(narrationinterspersedwithcomments)应用文(practicalwriting)概要最贴近日常生活的文体；形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等；叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、个人简介等；说明性应用文，如各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、新闻报道、公共通告和备忘录等。热点话题：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。考得较少考得较多应用文(practicalwriting)应对策略

以细节理解考查为主；整体把握文章结构和话题(总分为主)，注意粗体、大写、下划线；读题明确目的；根据题干关键词(与原文同→对号入座；与原文不同→同义替换、词性转换、归纳事实等)运用寻读、跳读在文中定答案范围；遇到与答题无关的生词直接跳过；涉及答题，根据语境、构词法等猜词，对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。应用文(practicalwriting)实例话题考点分布命题趋势2021年A篇全国甲卷摄影比赛Takeaview及获奖相关情况细节理解题2推理判断题1细节理解题考查为主；整体把握文章结构；重点关注细节信息全国乙卷世界著名大型竞技场基本情况细节理解题3全国I卷罗马的一些价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆细节理解题3（2021年全国乙卷）mainideasupportingdetails先总后分21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?

A.104,944.

B.107,601.

C.About150,000.

D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?

A.MichiganStadium. B.BeaverStadium.

C.OhioStadium.

D.KyleField.23.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?

A.Theyhostbiggames. B.Theyhavebecometouristattractions.

C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans. D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.细节推断记叙文(narration)概要记载和叙述事件由来(时间、地点、人物、事件等)，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展，如消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等；写作顺序：事件重要性、时间顺序(顺叙、倒叙等)；故事类型：一般性故事(发生、发展、高潮和结局);“哲理故事”(哲理意义);“逸闻趣事”(风趣、幽默);热点话题：人物故事类，生活经历类。记叙文(narration)应对策略

以细节理解(故事情节、人物或事件关系、故事前因后果等)考查为主，兼顾词义猜测(熟词生义；素不相识)、推理判断、主旨大意或作者意图(文末感触、寓意等)；顺藤摸瓜(5W)；抓题干关键词，定位，前后找线索；读懂言外之意；关注生词前后文。关注细节；读懂尾句记叙文(narration)实例2021年

话题考点分布命题趋势全国II卷英国一女子用获得的100万英镑奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校细节理解题2推理判断题1主旨大意题1常考细节理解、推理判断，偶尔词义猜测和主旨大意；命题一般按文章脉络和事件发展顺序层层推进全国甲卷作者回到伦敦小时候自己玩滑板的地方找回久违的熟悉感推理判断题3词义猜测题1全国I卷RobertTitterton为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的工作情况细节理解题3推理判断题1（2021年全国Ⅱ卷）mainideaABritishwomanwhowona＄1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(变革).“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“‘I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchoolherplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.“I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,”shesaid.“Weneedartistsmorethaneverinourschools."ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:“Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools.”Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on.“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies.”significance;inspiration总分总who;when;what;why/how8.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?

A.Makeamovie.

B.Buildnewschools.

C.Runaproject.

D.Helplocalmusicians.9.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?

A.Itisparticularlydifficult.

B.Itincreasesartists'income.

C.Itopenschildren'smind.

D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.10.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?

A.Moralprinciples.

B.Interpersonalskills.

C.Creativeabilities.

D.Positiveworldviews.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchools

B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritain

D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher细节推断主旨说明文(exposition)概要对事物或事理进行客观说明，以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事例，达到教人以知识的目的;层次分明，结构和逻辑关系清晰；热点话题：科普、环保类(各学科前沿问题；高科技领域科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典)。说明文(exposition)应对策略

主要考查事实细节、猜测词义、推理判断、主旨大意；词汇(同一词不同词性)和句式运用灵活，难度较大；下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及

标点符号（如破折号、冒号）等；猜词：内在逻辑关系、外部相关因素、构词法主旨大意(全文；段落)：标题或副标题、主题句(概括性、结构简单；首段首句)、中心句(每段首句或末句；综观全文，融会贯通)2021年高考

话题考点分布命题趋势全国甲卷B篇PortLympne保护区部分黑犀牛现状细节理解题2推理判断题2常考推理判断、主旨大意和猜测词义全国乙卷B篇澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况,提出固定电话是非必需品推理判断题2主旨大意题1词句猜测题1全国I卷D篇情商的定义以及对有关情商未来研究的期望细节理解题1推理判断题3说明文(exposition)实例（2021年全国乙卷）mainideaWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline(座机)?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(调查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket,19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?futureuse总分总24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.

B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.

D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames. B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones. D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.推断主旨推断猜词议论文(argumentation)概要说理性文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程（使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论)组成。常见三种形式：

正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……；

提出问题，分析问题，解决问题；

论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。热点话题：文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等社会现象、热点。议论文(argumentation)应对策略主要考查主旨大意和推理判断，难度较大；把握好论点(首段、各段的段首段尾句)、论据和论证以及作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，依据文章事实(避免读太快，仅凭印象和直觉选)做出合理推断；注意标记：(1)标志类、指示类信息(如表示逻辑关系、重要性的词

或短语)

(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词。体裁

话题考点分布命题趋势夹叙夹议2020年全国II卷图书馆带给作者人生不同阶段的快乐和意义，阅读的习惯在其家族中代代相传，呼吁其他作家支持图书馆细节理解题1推理判断题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1主要考查推理判断和主旨大意，偶尔考查细节理解和词义猜测议论文2021年全国甲卷由“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力细节理解题1推理判断题2主旨大意题1议论文(argumentation)实例（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）mainideaIhaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.appeal总分总32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?

A.Cooperative.

B.Uneasy.

C.Inseparable. D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?

A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.

B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.

C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.

D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?

A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.

C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledge

B.MyIdeaaboutwriting

C.Library:AHavenfortheYoun

D.MyLoveoftheLibrary细节推断主旨猜词夹叙夹议文(narrationinterspersedwithcomments)概要文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强；记人叙事→发表看法或引出深刻的社会问题；借助上下文乃至全文语境揣摩作者的心境及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度；热点话题：学生日常生活中的故事。主要考查推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测、细节理解；关注首句，领会大意(明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容)；关注“点睛之笔”尾句(真切体会作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等)；注重语境，理清行文逻辑；找准标志词(对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等)，弄清故事发展模式；完形填空中最有难度、最热点的一类体裁。夹叙夹议文应对策略（2020年全国I卷）Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The41isobvious.Ifwe42itisadoor,they’llwanttogooutside43.Itwilldriveuscrazy.Thekidsapparentlyknowthe44.Butourinsistingit’s45a

windowhaskeptthemfrom46

millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey’ll47

anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.Iwonderif49

shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.Ihaveaverystrong51thattheliewe’retellingisdoing

52damagetoourchildren.Windowsanddoorshave

53metaphorical(比喻)meaning