2017年12月四级真题第1套

淘宝店铺：/店主旺旺：光速考研工作室2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hergrandfather. C)HerfriendErika.B)Hergrandmother. D)Herlittlebrother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by. C)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.B)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures. D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.B)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.C)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.D)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.4.A)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials. B)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.C)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.D)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies. C)Endlessfightingintheregion.B)Inadequatefundingforresearch. D)Thehazardsfromthedesert.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.C)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.7.A)Lions’tracks. C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lionswalking. D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Aspecialgiftfromtheman. C)Acallfromherdad.B)Herweddinganniversary. D)Her‘luckybirthday’.9.A)Threwherasurpriseparty. C)Boughtheragoldnecklace.B)Tookheronatripoverseas. D)Gaveherabigmodelplane.10.A)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.B)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.C)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.D)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.11.A)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.B)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.C)Hewilltellthewomanthesecretifherhusbandagrees.D)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.B)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.C)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.D)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.13.A)Theyknowwhentostop. C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowhowtoadapt. D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14.A)Theyarepatient. C)Theyaregoodatexpression.B)Theylearnquickly. D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.15.A)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation. C)Gettoknowtheotherside.B)Makeclearone'sintentions. D)Formulateone'sstrategy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.17.A)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.B)Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.C)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.D)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.18.A)Theyareexpensivetomake. C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareextremelyaccurate. D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.20.A)Theywereknowntobecreative. C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.21.A)Chattingwithherancestors. C)Furnishinghercountryhouse.B)Doingneedleworkbythefire. D)Polishingallthesilverwork.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself. C)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp. D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.B)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.C)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.D)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.24.A)Waitpatiently. C)Startafire.B)Lookforfood. D)Walkuphill.25.A)Checkthelocalweather. C)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.B)Findamapandacompass. D)Informsomebodyofyourplan.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome

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skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban

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,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe

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ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive

29memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften

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withspreadingdiseaseratherthan

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it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly

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.Insidearat'snoseareupto1,000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉感受器),whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect33

smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB(肺结核).Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto

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asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto

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,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.A)associatedI)slightB)examineJ)specifyC)indicateK)superiorD)nuisanceL)suspiciousE)peakM)tipF)preventingN)treatedG)prohibitingO)visualH)sensitiveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,anessentialworkskill.”[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-homeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.[G]Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(说出)yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandletestsmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherearethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式),inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,”heresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclasswiththetickingclockoverhead.[K]Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsonthetypeofcoursebeingtaught.44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople. C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution. D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C)ShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitall—volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddress