2020版高考英语总复习（课标版） 教师用书 教材复习导与练 选修八 8-3Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Stepl课前准备——单元考点自查自测

1.词汇分层级识记过关2.语境活用填写过关3.经典句式背诵

仿写过关4.类词巧积累事半功倍

（一）分门别类攻单词——识形辨意•拓展应用

1.patentn.专利证书；专利权2.perfumen.香水（味）

阅

读3.stringn.线;绳子;一串4.dynamicadj.精力充沛的

知

5.foreheadn.额头6.trianglen.三角形

意

词7.competencen.能力；胜任；本领8.personneln.人事部；全体人员

汇

9.criterionn.（评判的）标准；尺度10.versionn.版本；译本

1.seize（抓住；夺）herbag2.freezing（冰冻的）point

3.can'tbear（忍受）thehotweather4.acourt（法庭）judge

5.anabrupt（突然）change6.apassive（被动的）attitude

7.afile（文件夹）o£insurancepapers8.astable（稳固的）situation

9.valid（确凿的）evidence10.thecurrent（现在的）situation

［词汇拓展］［拓展应用］

1.innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；天真的finnocence〃.天真；清白1.Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoing

2.identifyv.确定；鉴别fidentificationn.鉴定；辨认；身份证明thingswithcaution.Youshouldgeton

3.productn.产品fproducevt.生产；制造-*productionn.生产；withhimcautiously,（caution）

产量2.YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitis

4.associate”.联想（系）同（伙）伴~»associationn.协会；社团；联convenient»thatis,athisconvenience.

合（想）Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebus

5.mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercilessadj.残忍的；无stop.（convenient）

词

情的fmercyn.宽恕;仁慈3.Inwesterncountries.thenumber

性

拓6.convenientad，.便利的；方便的；就近的—convenience〃.方便；便“thirteen"isusuallyassociatedwithbad

展利convenientlyadv.便利地；方便地luck,butactuallythereisn'tany

词

汇7.cautionn.小心；谨慎-cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的fcautiouslyassociationbetweenthem,（associate）

ad矶小心地;谨慎地4.Theproductswhichhavebeenproducedin

8.distinguisha显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别ourfactoryfailtomeetthedemand.Sowe

distinguishedadj.杰出的；卓越的fdistinctii（onn.差别；对比areplanningtoexpandproduction,

9.expectationm预料；期待；期望fexpectvt.预料;期待；期望；认为（product）

-»unexpectedadj.出乎意料的funexpectedlyadv.意外地5.Ifyouareeveraskedtoidenlifyyourself,

10.practicaladj.实际的；实践的；实用的fpractice儿实践；练习thenyoushouldshowyourdriver'slicense

仇练习；从事fimpracticaladj.不切实际的；不现实的orsomesortofidentification,（identify）

1.含fore•前缀的单词2.表示“抓住”的相关动词3.话题词汇集锦（发明）

①forehead〃.额头①seize抓住;捉住①creativity创造力（性）

②forearmn.前臂②catch抓住；接住②certificaten.证书

③forecastvt.预报③grasp抓住；掌握③patentn.专利（书）

④foresee”.预见；预知④clutch抓住；紧握④innovation创新；革新

⑤foreword〃.前言⑤capture抓住；俘获©register仇注册

⑥foretellv.预言；预示⑥grapple抓住；格斗©inventiveadj.发明的；创造的

（二）写用结合记短语——译写短语•语境活用

短语填写语境串记

LiuMingalwaysdreamso£inventinganewmobile

1.hangon不挂断;稍等；紧紧抓住phonethatdoesn'tdoharmtopeople'seyes.He①dives

A2.ringoff挂断电话intohisdreaminginventionsafterschooleveryday.

组3.nowandthen偶尔；有时(2)Nowandthenheaskshisteachertoconsultsome

4.diveinto一心投入;迅速把手伸入questions.Histeachernever③ringsoffuntilLiuMing

getsasatisfyinganswer.

Lastyear,LiuMing①setaboutdesigninghisnew

mobilephoneafterhefiguredoutallthepuzzling

l.outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障

problems.Hedid②getthroughalotofpainsduringhis

B2.setabout开始;着手

work.Tohispain,thephoneheisusingnowisoften

组3.ringback回复电话

③outoforder.Fortunately,withthehelpofhis

4.getthrough度过；通过；（设法）做完

teacher,hehassettledtheproblem.Nowhehas

succeeded.

ThismorningI①setouttodomyworkwhen

1.callup给……打电话;使想起

someone©calledupmyoffice.Itwasacustomerwho

C2.setout(todo)开始(做)

complainedaboutourservice.Itriedtoexplaintoher

组3.withcaution小心;谨慎

③withcaution.FinallyshecalmeddownandIfelt

4.inaddition另外

relieved.

日积月累记短语

l."y.+int。”结构的短语2.“着手做”短语3.“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触

①diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入①setaboutdoing...①nowandthen偶尔；有时

②burstinto突然闯入②setouttodo...②nowandagain有时；时而

③runinto撞上；偶然遇见③settledowntodoing...③fromtimetotime有时;偶尔

④lookinto往里看；调查④getdowntodoing...④attimes偶尔；有时

⑤knockinto撞上⑤goaboutdoing...⑤onceinawhile偶尔；有时

（三）仿写活用练句式——经典句型•仿写背诵

经典原句句式归纳仿写造句

1.Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewalls

ofthebowlthereissomejelly,which1.一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。

“连词+过去分词”省略

freezeswhencooled.()nceexposedtolight,thefilmwillbe

结构。

在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却damagedandgetuseless.

后会冻结。

2.Followitup.exploreallaroundit.and

2.经常找一些方法表扬你的孩子们，你会发

beforeyouknowit»youwillhave

现他们将会向你敞开心扉。

somethingworththinkingabouttooccupy

祈使句+and+陈述句。Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften

yourmind.

andyou,llfindtheywillopentheirhearts

跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发

toyou.

现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。

3.只有在玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才

3.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition

注意到拼写错误。

canyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.only修饰状语放在句首，

OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionfor

只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正句子采用倒装句式。

thesecondtimedidshenoticethespelling

的发明者。

mistakes.

Step2课堂探究——核心考点点点突破

1.重点难点考点学通练透2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野3.方法规

律技巧权威点拨4.面面俱到打创高效课堂

第一时段Warmingup&Reading

1.distinguishvt.&vi.显示...的差别；使....有所不同；辨

别

［教材原句］Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfby

inventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.

这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既

可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。

(l)distinguishbetweenAandB

区分A和B

distinguish...from...把...与....区分开来

distinguishoneselfas作为...而出名

⑵distinguished卓越的；著名的；杰出的

bedistinguishedfor...因...而出名

bedistinguishedas...作为...而出名

单句语法填空

①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesitall

otherartforms.

②TheTownHallcompletedinthe1800swasthemost

(distinguish)buildingatthattime.

③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave

(distinguish)rightfromwrong.

④HangzhouisdistinguishedtheWestLake.

句型转换

⑤Overthenextfewyearshedistinguishedhimselfasaleading

scholar.

—Overthenextfewyearshea

leadingscholar.

［答案】①from©distinguished©distinguishing

④for©distinguishedhimselftobe

2.convenientadj.方便的；便利的；就近的

［教材原句］Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholein

thewall.

它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。

(l)Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.

做某事对某人来说是方便的

(2)forconvenience为了方便

(3)atone'sconvenience在某人方便的时候

单句语法填空

①Woulditbeconvenientforyou(pick)meupatfour

o'clockandtakemetothetheatre?

②Weboughtthishousefor(convenient);it's

neartheshopsandtherailwaystation.

③Weshouldbegratefulifyouwouldreplyyourearliest

convenience.

［答案］①topick②convenience③at

［易错提醒］convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为“sth.be

convenientforsb."及"It'sconvenient(forsb.)todosth.”。

3.cautionn.［U］小心；谨慎；警告

［教材原句］ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexamine

thesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.

这一次我很小心地弯腰去检查蛇，发现它们都是睡意朦胧的。

(l)withcaution小心地

(2)cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的

becautiousabout对...小心谨慎

becautioustodosth.做...小心谨慎

单句语法填空

①Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalong

extremecaution.

②Healwaysputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautious

thembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.

③Ifshehadbeeneven(cautious),shewouldn'thave

madethatmistake.

④Shelooked(cautious)aroundandthenwalkedaway

fromthehouse.

［答案］①with②about③morecautious

©cautiously

4.seizev.抓住；抓取；没收；夺；扣押

［教材原句］Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseize

theopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmy

inventiontothepatentoffice.

由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住机会把我的发明送到专利局

去，以得到对我这次成功的想法的认可。

(l)seize/graspachance/anopportunitytodo/ofdoingsth.抓住机

会做某事

⑵seizeon/upon抓住，攫取；利用，采用

(3)seizesb.bythe+部位/seize+部位

抓住某人的……

单句语法填空

①Youshouldseizetheopportunity(work)abroad.

②Thepolicemanseizedthethiefthearm.

©Newspapersseizedtheresultsasproofthatglobal

warmingwasn'treallyhappening.

［答案］①towork②by③on

5.callup给...打电话；使想起

［教材原句］WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthe

telephoneshewasveryupset.

我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很不安。

calloff取消；停止

callfor要求；呼吁；需要；去接（某人）

callat拜访（某地）

callon/upon拜访（某人）；号召；要求

选用上述短语填空

①Thephotothestoryofmychildhood.

②Don'tletanythingyourattentionfromyour

studies.

③Successinschoolmuchhardwork.

④Thegovernmenttheworkerstoopposewaste.

［答案］①callsup②calloff③callsfor④callson

6.“only+状语”放在句首

［教材原句］Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyou

saythatyouaretrulyaninventor.

只有取得那种认可，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。

Only+状语偈U词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时，句子需部

分倒装。

①Onlythentheimportanceofcommunication.

直到那时我才知道了交流的重要性。

②Onlyinthiswaytheproblem.

只有用这种办法我们才能解决问题。

③Onlyafteryouhavereachedeighteenthearmy.

只有当你年满18周岁后，你才能参军。

［答案］©didIknow②canwesolve③canyoujoin

［易错提醒］0nly修饰限定主语时，句子不倒装。

Mr.Jacksonwasa1.(caution)businessman2.gotapatent3.

语(

语

境hiscompany.Butinan4.(abruptly)accident,hefoundhis5.(produce)wasn't

法

串

填stainlessanddidn,tlive6.itscriteria.He7.(seize)ittofindoutvalidways8._

考

空

点)(solve)theproblemsandnottotakepassive9.(act).He10.

(expectation)thathisproductcouldbearallkindsoftestandthathisincomewouldhaveastableincrease.

［答案］1.cautious2.who/that3.for4.abrupt5.production

6.to7.seized8.tosolve9.actionlO.expected

第二时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage

1.bearvt.(bore,borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；

结果实

［教材原句］Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthe

barbecue.

我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。

(l)can'tbeardoing/todosth.不能忍受做某事

can'tbearsb./sb.'sdoing/todosth.

不能忍受某人做某事

(2)bear/keepsth.inmindi己住某事

bear/keepinmindthat...i己住...

单句语法填空

①Ican'tbearyoungpeople(cast)awaytheiryouth.

②Pleasebearmindthatsuccesscomesfromhardwork

whilelazinessleadstofailure.

③Theicewasnotthickenough(bear)theweightof

marchingmen.

④Youmustbearinmindthekeytosuccessisworking

hard.

写出下列句子中bear的含义

⑤WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair?

⑥Hecan'tbearbeinglaughedatinpublic.

⑦Shedidbearahealthybabyinhospitalyesterday.

⑧Someofthenewly-plantedappletreeshavealsobegunto

bear.____________

［答案］①casting/tocast②in③tobear④that⑤负担；承

担⑥忍受⑦生育⑧结果实

［方法规律］bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can,could连

用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见的近义词(短语)有：stand,tolerate,put

upwith,endure等。

2.associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴，伙伴

［教材原句］Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththe

inventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafter

practicalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.

虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停

息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。

(l)associate...with...使...与....联系起来

associatewithsb.与某人交往/联系

beassociatedwith与...有关

(2)associationn.联合；联想；交往；协会；社团

inassociationwith与...联合/有关联

单句语法填空

①Ialwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowersmy

childhood.

②Weareworkingin(associate)withanumberoflocal

companiestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.

(3)Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof(associate)

progresswiththefuture.

④Manywords(associate)withlifeintheWestare

Spanishinorigin.

句型转换

⑤Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolinassociationwith

localartists.

-Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschool

___________________localartists.

［答案］(Dwith©association©associating

©associated©associatedwith

3.outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障

［教材原句］I'msorry,butthisphoneisoutoforder.

很抱歉，这部电话出现了故障。

outofbalance失去平衡

outofcontrol失去控制

outofreach够不到

outoffashion过时，陈旧

outofhand难以(或无法)控制

outofshape变形

outoftouch不接触；不联系

outofplace不合适的；不协调的

outofbreath上气不接下气

用以上短语填空

①Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadly

②Wetriedinvaintoreachyoulastnight.Isyourphone

（3）Afterrunningforamileyesterday,Iwasalmost,

notfeelingbad,though.

④ItwastowearT-shirtsatsuchaformal

party.

⑤Mypapersandbooksgot.Imusthave

themallcarefullyarranged.

［答案］①outofshape②outoforder③outofbreath

@outofplace⑤outoforder

4.getthrough设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过;

度过；用完；耗尽

［教材原句］I'vebeentryingtoringupforalongtimeandI

couldn'tgetthrough.

我拨了很长时间的电话，但总是接不通。

get（sth.）across（tosb.）（使某事）被（某人）理解

getalongwithsb.与某人相处；进展

getawaywithsth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚

getdownto（doing）sth.开始做某事；认真处理某事

getover爬过...；克服（困难）；从....中恢复过来

写出下列句中getthrough的含义

①WegotthroughafortunewhilewewereinNewYork!

②ItriedtoringmygirlfriendbutIcouldn'tgetthrough.

③Let'sstart;there'salotofworktogetthrough.

④OnceagainwefailedtogettheBillthroughParliament.

完成句子

⑤Hefeltveryashamedtoafineforsuchaserious

mistake.

逃脱了这么严重错误的惩罚，他感到非常羞愧。

⑥It'stimeyousomepracticeortheotherstudents

willleaveyoubehind.

该是你开始做练习的时候了，否则别的学生就把你落下了。

［答案］①用完②接通③完成④（使）通过⑤getaway

with⑥gotdownto

［易错提醒］表示“用电话接通到（联系到）某人”用getthrough

tosb.o

5."祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”结构

［教材原句］Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyou

knowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyour

mind.

跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东

西占据着你的头脑。

“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的

祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主

句，通常用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表

ZjSO

①Followyourdoctor'sadvice,.

接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。

②Hurryup，.

快点，否则你会迟到的。

③Itisreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep，

真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。

［答案】①andyouwillgetbettersoon②or/otherwise/orelseyou

willbelate③andthebabywillfallintothewell

AlexanderGrahamBellbomin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung,hisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.

Hisinventionswereassociatedhismotherwhowasalmostentiredeaf.Afterthat,hebecameinterestedinhelp

语(

短

境deafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother's

文

串

改forehead,hecouldmakethebonesmoveinsuchawaythatshecouldcallupandbearedwhathewassayingto

考

错

点)mind.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemswhichgothisinventionsthroughit.What'smore,hewasintruth

acontinuingsearcher.Heimprovedthedistinguishqualityo£everybody'slifebyfindingmanypractical

solution.

［答案］

AlexanderGrahamBellAbornin1847inScotland.

was

Whenhewasyoung,hisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.

HisinventionswereassociatedAhismotherwhowas

with

almostentiredeaf.Afterthat,hebecameinterestedin

entirely

helpdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.He

helping

foundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismothers

forehead,hecouldmakethebonesmoveinsuchawaythat

shecouldcallupandbearedwhathewassayingtomind.It

bearin

washisexploringaroundproblemswhichgothisinventions

that

through又.What'smore,hewasintruthacontinuing

searcher.Heimprovedthedistinguishqualityof

distinguished

everybody'slifebyfindingmanypracticalsolution.

solutions

Step3课后演练——知识能力链接高考

I.单句语法填空

1.(2018•全国卷I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadea

studypublishedin2014whichshoweda(merely)fivetoten

minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease.

［答案］mere

2.(2018•天津卷)Wemeteverydayand(practical)passing

andkickingfootball.

［答案］practiced/practised

3.(2018•浙江卷)Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,

ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssucha(distinguish)

writer.

［答案］distinguished

4.(2018-浙江卷)Theabilityisgoingtobethe(current)of

powerinthenewcentury.

［答案］currency

5.(bear)aheavyburden,shehastoworkhardtobringup

herchildren.

［答案］Bearing

6.Weallhavean(expect)thatwecanbeadmittedtoour

ownidealuniversities.

［答案］expectation

7.Ifweareblindtoourownfaults,wewillnotbevery

(mercy)towardsothers.

［答案］merciful

8.Havingmadeuphismind,hesetabout(carry)out

theplan.

［答案］carrying

9.I'dliketoplacethingswhereitis(convenience)to

getthem.

［答案］convenient

10.Hetookmeasurestomakeuphisfault,whichreceived

our(recognize).

［答案］recognition

n.单句改错

1.Thesoundofseagullscalledonhappymemoriesofhischildhood

holidays._____________

［答案］on-up

2.Thetelephoneisoutoftheorder；therefore,wecannotgetin

touchwiththeboss.

［答案］去掉第二个the

3.Itissocoldandfrozenthatwehavetostayat

home.

［答案］frozen—freezing

4.Hecouldhearagirlsingingmerryinthenext

room.

［答案］merry-merrily

5.Asstudents,youshouldkeeponmindthatturninginhomework

isyourduty._____________

［答案］on-*in

6.Ithinkyoushouldbecautionaboutgivingyouraddressto

strangers.____________

［答案］caution—cautious

7.Distinguishingforitsdiligenceandcourage,theChineseNation

hasattractedtheattentionfromtheworld.

［答案］Distinguishing一Distinguished

8.YoumaydependonmethatIshallalwayshelp

you.

［答案］me-*it

9.Itisnotimmediatelyclearthatthefinancialcrisiswillsoonbe

over.

［答案］that—whether/if

10.Iamnotaccustomedtoassociatingpeoplelikethoseyoung

men.

［答案］在people前加with

HI.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子

1.车子到手几天后，我们才明白自己被经销商骗了。（倒装句）

Onlyafterwe'dhadthecarforafewdays

we'dbeencheatedbythedealer.

［答案］didwerealizethat

2.尝尝这种果汁，你会喜欢的。（祈使句）

_______________________，andyou'lllikeit.

［答案］Trysomeofthisjuice

3.白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国

人永远地记住了。（so...that...）

DoctorBethunebyChineseforever.

［答案］savedsomanyChinesesoldiersthathewasremembered

4.除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。（连

词十分词）

,thislawwillmakelifedifficultfor

farmers.

［答案］Unlesschanged

5.这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。（there

seems...）

thatseemsimpossibleforhiminthe

world.

［答案］Thereseemstobenothing

6.作为一名著名的律师，这样做对他来说很方便。（convenient）

Asafamouslawyer,_____________________________________

［答案］itwasconvenientforhimtodothat

高考题型分组训练

阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度

（限时:25分钟）

I.阅读理解

A

AgroupcalledtheNationalCenterforFatheringlaunchedaprogram

forAmericanmenalmost20yearsago.TheprogramiscalledWatch

D.O.G.S.,whichistheabbreviationforDadsofGreatStudents.The

programtriestogetmentospendmoretimeservingasvolunteersat

schoolsacrosstheUnitedStates.Mostofthemenarefathers.Butthey

canalsobegrandfathers,unclesandstep-fathers.

AdamMehmudisavolunteerathisson'sschoolthroughthe

program“WatchD.O.G.S.".The