阅读理解专题推理判断课件高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

高三二轮复习

阅读理解

推理判断--Zora考情分析年份2023年2022年2021年2020年卷名新高考1卷新高考II卷全国甲卷全国乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全国甲卷全国乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全国甲卷全国乙卷新高考1卷全国1卷全国2卷事实细节题569578898655887主旨大意题110111311222022推理判断题775864345677544词义猜测题111112111111212

占比大，与细节理解题持平，且呈现逐年上升的趋势

说明考试越来越注重考察学生的思维能力

此类题型要求考生在理解原文的基础上，通过文中细节提示、语义逻辑关系、推测文章隐含的意思，即言外之意。考生除了准确理解相关答题句，应根据文中提供的已知事实为依据，做出合理的推断。推断题的某个选项往往涉及文中已知的正确信息，以此干扰学生。此类题目的答案通常不能从文中直接得出，必须为推断所得，因此当选项为文中明确指出的表面信息时，大都可马上排除。1.细节推理

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的/意图

4.推断文章出处或读者对象

5.推断上下文内容干扰项特点(1)偷换概念：使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式。但不是本题的内容。(2)扩大或缩小范围：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了扩大或缩小处理。原文中可能出现了almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文章内容加以限制，干扰选项改变了原文范围；(3)常识干扰：符合基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问题的一般看法和认识，但不是文章的内容。(4)颠倒是非：涉及原文中提及的内容或现象，但选项的意思与原文恰恰相反。(5)无中生有：凭空捏造原文不存在的细节，形成迷惑和干扰。(6)推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。1.细节推理

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的/意图

4.推断文章出处或读者对象

5.推断上下文内容正确选项特点◆是"弦外之音°。是立足原文推断出来的内容，不是直接叙述的具体信息；◆没有绝对概念的字眼，如only,never,allabsolutely

等。因为的推断出来的内容，略有模糊成分，留有余地,通常含有usually,may,some,might,can,

possibly等词汇.1.细节推理

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的/意图

4.推断文章出处或读者对象

5.推断上下文内容第一章第二章细节推理推断作者观点或态度第三章第四章推断写作目的/意图推断上下文内容第五章推断文章出处或读者对象细节推断类设问方式：1.细节推理

题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.2.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/implies/suggeststhat_____5.Whatthewriterreallymeansis_______.6.Whatdoweknowabout___________7.Whatwecanlearnfrom________技巧点拨：1).找到信息源2).忠实原文,但不是原文3).理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上,领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者提供的细节或例证，推断出合理的结论。●WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1A．Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B．Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C．Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D．She'sunabletomeetherschedule.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.tip:有中文提示的地方，要注意可能会在此处设题。Scientistsbelievetheworld'saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanet­warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.●Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld'stemperatureA.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979. B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.

●Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown.”inthesecondparagraph.？A.Itmeansthatpeopleareoutofforvocationamonthlater.B.Itmeansthatthegymisholdinga“ghost”party.C.Itmeansthatfewpeoplecaninsistongoingtothegymlongerthanamonth.D.Itmeansthatthegymiscloseddownafteramonth.Everyyear,likeclockwork,peoplemakeresolutionsforthemselvesthatareimpractical,vagueoroverlyambitious.IngymsacrosstheUnitedStates,themostpopulartimetosignupforgymmembershipsisjustafterNewYear'sDay.Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown….计划不切实际，空，过分雄心壮志很难执行●WhatdoweknowaboutMazolenyA.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

（2019全国）Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”onafirst-namebasis直呼其名无中生有无中生有无中生有两个座位的旁边，安德鲁•Mazoleny，一个当地电视录像制作人,正在酒吧吃午餐。他喜欢坐下来静静看他的或者跟酒吧老板聊天,如果他想有一个小互动(交流)的想法，经常直呼其名。他说:“我反思这一天是如何度过的，并思考这一周剩下的时间。”“这是一个自我反省的机会，你带着计划重新开始工作。”●WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDownerA.They'resociallyinactive.B.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.(全国III2016阅读理解D）“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”WhileSolarFoodsdoesnotexpectSoleintochallengeconventionalproteinproductionmethodsinthenexttwodecades,itdoesexpectittobecomea“newharvest”forhumanity,whichissignificantconsideringsofarwehaveonlyreliedonplantsandanimalsforsustenance.TheHelsinki-basedcompanyplanstoopenitsfirstSoleinfactoryattheendof2021andscaleupproductiontotwobillionmealsperyearby2022.●WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.ThecompanythinksSoleinwouldhavearewardingfuture.B.Soleinissupposedtochallengetraditionalproteinproduction.C.ThereisstillalongwayforSoleintobeputintoproduction.D.HumanscancompletelyrelyonSoleintosurvive.过于绝对无中生有Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking,anumberofstudiesheshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.Furthermore,itisclearthatmusiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions.Personallysignificantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward,thesameareasthatareactivatedbysexandgoodfood.

●Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that____________.

A.nodoubtmusiccanincreasepeople'sthinkingability.B.musicsimplygivespeoplepositiveemotions.C.onlymusiccangivepoplepurepleasureandreward.D.musichasagreatinfluenceonhumanbeings.偷换概念过于绝对(2020全国卷II)Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.●WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorganA.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.(2020全国卷III)Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.●WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactorsA.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally. D.Theywouldlosepopularity.(2021全国甲卷)Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserveA.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.(2020全国I卷)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.●WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeastA.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.(2023全国卷乙卷)Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptain

Cook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.●WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。从英国的角度看，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚角度来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。第一章第二章细节推理推断作者观点或态度第三章第四章推断写作目的/意图推断上下文内容第五章推断文章出处或读者对象观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。主要设题方式有:1.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis__________2.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat__________3.What'stheauthor'sopinionon…4.Thewriterthoughtthat______.5.Thewriterofthetexthasa_______attitudetowardsdangeroussports.6.Whatis________’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribe…..8.….whichwouldtheauthoragreewith观点/态度推断设问方式：2.观点态度推断在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。positiveapprovingoptimisticfavorablesupportivehopefulneutralcautiousobjectivesubjectiveuninterestedunclear

2.观点态度推断pessimisticindifferentdisappointedcontradictorydoubtful/skeptical/suspiciouscriticalsarcastic/ironicnegativedisapproving积极的，肯定的赞成的乐观的赞成的支持的有希望的中立的谨慎的客观的主观的不感兴趣的批判的；批评的讽刺的消极的不赞成的消极的怀疑的漠不关心的失望的反对的不清楚的(2021全国甲卷)PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).……..Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogrammeA.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.(2020新高考卷)ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistanA.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.这本书让我们对乌兹别克斯坦的生活有一个大致了解，书中有友好和温暖的画面，但也有社会的阴暗面。在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏着那里的建筑奇观，而在前往布哈拉的途中，他在涉嫌毒品交易时尝到了警察(执法)的滋味。在费尔干纳，他参加了一场高山葬礼，随后是一场奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在离海数英里的渔船感到悲伤。(2020全国III卷)Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommenditYes,IthinkIwould.”●WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-lawA.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.(2021全国I卷)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceA.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.(2023全国甲卷)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.●WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbookA.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。(2023全国乙卷)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.●HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLakeA.Amusing. B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。(2023全国乙卷)It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.●WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTVA.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。(2023全国I卷)Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studiesA.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。tip:在although/though/eventhough这些词引导的让步状语从句中，主句往往才是作者真正想强调的。(2023全国II卷)Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogramA.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.她拓展资料说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。●Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjarsA.Hedisapprovedofit. B.Hewasfavorabletoit.C.Hewastolerantofit. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.(2023浙江卷1月)Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.(2022年北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewithA.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.(2022北京卷)Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”…..CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaimsIdon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.●RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited同情的；支持的(2022天津卷)

Fortunately,asIgrewolder,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeyeontheschoolbuswhenshesuddenlyturnedback.Tomyastonishment,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasinNovember!“Wow,”Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn’tagenetic(遗传的)disorderafterall.It’sperfectlynormal.”Dayslater,mylifetookan-othertwist(转折).Searchingtheinternetforstutteringcures,IaccidentallylearnedthatsuchfamouspeopleasIsaacNewtonandWinstonChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatlyrelievedandthenanideasuddenlyhitme—ifI’msmart,Ishouldn’tallowmystutteringtostandbetweenmeandmysuccess.●HowdidtheauthorfeelonnoticingthesimilaritybetweenherandnegirlonthebusA.Blessedandproud.B.Confusedandafraid.C.Amazedandrelieved.D.Shockedandashamed.第一章第二章目录细节推理推断作者观点或态度第三章第四章推断写作目的/意图推断上下文内容第五章推断文章出处或读者对象写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。主要设题方式有：(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext/passage/articleThewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat__________Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat___.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader写作意图推断设问方式：3.推断写作目的/意图

(1)totellaninterestingexperience;toentertainreaders:

常见于个人经历或故事类的文章；(2)tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience;topersuadereaders:这种主要是通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到写作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众

或者推销产品或者服务等；(3)toexplainsth;toinformreaders:多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章；(4)toprove/analyze/show/argue:常见于议论文--说服读者接受或赞同某

一观点，倡导某种做法等从文体类别来推断写作目的3.推断写作目的/意图

(2023全国I卷)Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.●Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhouA.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。(2023全国II卷)Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.●Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-readerA.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.tip:but,however,yet这些词后面的句子往往是作者真正的意图。(2023浙江卷1月)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.●WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraphA.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.tip:在说明文或者议论文中，往往第一句话是本段主题句，剩下的句子往往是支撑性例证，这类型题在设问写作目的时，要重点关注主题句。(2022北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A.illustrateanargument B.highlightanopinionC