职称英语卫生类B级模拟25

［模拟］职称英语卫生类B级模拟25

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Didyoudothatto（irritate）her?

A.tease

B.attract

C.protect

D.annoy

参考答案：D

irritate与annoy同义，意为“使某人愤怒，烦恼，急躁”。tease“取笑，

嘲笑，招惹某人"；attract“吸引，引起某人的兴趣”；protect“保护，保卫

（某人、某物）”。

第2题：

Ifyouputtoomanypotatoesinthatpaper-bagitwill（burst）.

A.crash

B.explode

C.crack

D.bebroken

参考答案：D

burst与bebroken同义，意为“满到要胀破的程度，使（某物/爆破，胀破”。

crash"猛撞，猛然冲闯"；explode"使（某物）爆炸，炸开"；crack“使（某物）

开裂，裂开，爆裂”。

第3题：

ProfessorLin，s（dedication）toteachingearnedhimtherespectofboth

hiscolleaguesandstudents.

A.experiencein

B.determinationof

C.devotionto

D.contributionsto

参考答案：c

dedication与devotion同义，意为''对某事业或目的的忠诚，奉献，献身”。

1

第4题：

Whilesomebacteriaarebeneficial,othersare(harmful)inthatcause

disease.

A.detrimental

B.prodigious

C.intrusive

D.mordant

参考答案：A

harmful与detrimental同义，意为“有害的，可致损伤的。"prodigious“巨

大的，大得令人惊叹"；intrusive”闯入的，侵入的"；mordant”讽刺的，尖

酸的”。

第5题：

We(perceived)thatwewereunwelcomeandleft.

A.conceived

B.suggested

C.implied

D.wasconsciousof

参考答案：D

perceive与beconsciousof同义，意为“意识到，注意到，观察到。”

第6题：

Don'ttryto(dignify)thosefewhairsonyourfacebycallingthemabeard.

A.makenoble

B.talkof

C.cryout

D.singleout

参考答案：A

dignify与makenoble同义，意为“美其名曰，美称其为“。takeof“说到或

提到某人(某事物)"；cryout“放声大哭”；singleout“挑出/选出某人(某

物)”。

第7题：

Whenhespoke,shehadanunpleasant(insight)intowhatlifewouldbe

likeashiswife.

A.perception

B.precept

2

C.precede

D.preceptor

参考答案：A

insight与perception同义，意为“深刻的了解,领悟，洞察力。"precept“规

范，准则，格言”；precede"在……之前，先于(某事物)"；preceptor"教师,

导师”。

第8题：

Theboy，sdeathwas(disastrous)tohim.Thepoormannevergotoverfrom

it.

A.agreatmisfortune

B.anincreasingrage

C.aneventfuloutcome

D.aneverlastingcomplain

参考答案：A

disastrous意为“灾难性的，造成灾害的，失败的"。与agreatmisfortune

同义。

第9题：

Hewasalittle(lightheaded)sincehejustcaughtacold.

A.trembling

B.tiresome

C.dizzy

D.timid

参考答案：C

lightheaded与dizzy同义，意为“头晕的，眩晕的，失去平衡拘。"trembling

“颤抖的，哆嗦的"；tiresome“令人厌倦的，讨厌的，烦人的"；timid"担

怯的，羞怯的”。

第10题：

Is£20(sufficient)fortheexpensesofyourjourney?

A.adopt

B.enough

C.chargeable

D.comparable

参考答案：B

3

sufficient与enough同义，意为“足够的，充足的。"adopt“采纳，采取，

采用"；chargeable"可被指控的，可能被控告的"；comparable“可比较的,

适合比较的”。

第11题：

Sincespeechissuchafamiliaractivity,itisoftenregardedasa

universal(endowment).

A.event

B.habit

C.trait

D.gift

参考答案：D

endowment可表示"天赋”，与D项的gift(释义之一为“天赋”)含义类同。event

“事件”；habit“习惯”；trait“特点”。

第12题：

Hegavemeabookofthesortusually(reserved)fornaughty

schoolchildren.

A.provided

B.prepared

C.appointed

D.kept

参考答案：D

reserve与keep同义，意为“保留，储备，留下"。provide”提供，供给，供

应，给予"；prepare"准备，准备好，预备"；appoint"挑选，任命，委派”。

第13题:

Iflanguagewerefor(nothing)butthecommunicationofwarningsand

weatherreports,anartificalinternationallanguagewoulddonicely.

A.anythingotherthan

B.nothingonly

C.nothingotherthan

D.somethingexcept.

参考答案：C

nothingbut意为“仅仅，只不过，仅。”与nothingotherthan同义。

第14题：

Sheputdownher(skinny)handslowly.

4

A.smooth

B.long

C.bony

D.harsh

参考答案：C

skinny与bony同义，意为“瘦的，皮包骨头的。"smooth"光滑的，平静的,

平坦的"；long“长的，漫长的，久远的"；harsh“严酷的，无情的，严厉的”。

第15题：

SharpshooterAnnieOakleyperformed（astonishing）featsofmarksmanship

asthestarofBuffaloBilFsWildWestShowbeginningin1885.

A.astute

B.astounding

C.archaic

D.articulate

参考答案：B

astonishing表示“惊人的”，与B项的astounding”使人震惊的”含义一致。

astute“敏锐的"；archaic“古代的"；articulate”接合起来的”。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

MothersandmatchmakersA）havealwaysknownthatnotbeingmarried

isadefinitehealthhazard.Butwhenateamofresearchersfromthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,reportedafewweeksagothat

middle-aged（中年的）menwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikelyto

dieduringa10-yearspan（全长）asmenwithwives,theespousedandthe

spouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatswept

throughofficesandwateringholes-anditmadepeoplefeelsmug（自鸣得

意的）oranxious,dependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearchers

whoconductedthestudyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedfor（说明，

解释）thedramaticdifferencesinsurvivalrates.

Theinvestigators,headedbyUCSFassociateprofessorof

epidemiologyaridbiostatistics（生物统计学）MaradeeA.Davis,hadsetout

toexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality.Because

ofthebufferingsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovide,Davisand

hercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalone

fared（生活，进展）worstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprise,

5

however,thatintheirstudypopulation,subjectswhosharedliving

quarterswithpeopleotherthanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalrates

asthosewholivedbythemselves."Thecriticalfactor,“Davissays,

“seemstobethepresenceofaspouse.〃

Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefound

primarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthanin

thosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealready

eliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalityby

adjustingtheirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmoking,alcohol

consumption,obesityandlackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmoreclosely

atavarietyofotherconsiderations,suchasbloodpressure,cholesterol

levelsandchronicillnesses.

Sexroles:Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthedifference

betweenacheesegraterandagarlicpress,nutritionmaystillaccount

forsomeoftheCaliforniastudy'sfindings.PreviousresearchbyDavis，s

teamshowedthatunmarriedmeneveniftheylivedwithotherpeopleate

lesshealthydietsthanmarriedmen.^Traditionalsexroleshavemeant

thatmenaren，taswe11informedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingand

foodpreparation,“saysDavis.

Emotionalandsocialfactorsprobablyalsoplayedarolein

highermortalityamongthespouselessmen.TheSanFranciscoresearchers

willexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheirstudypopulationfor

moredetailedmedicaldata,andthey，11lookatatrait（特征）theycall

“generalwell-being."Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelingsand

moods,ratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswill

analyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworried,

nervousorpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesof

death;ifthemenwithoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatal

accidents,it，slikelythatemotionalstresscontributedto（可助于，促

使）theirhighermortalityrate.

Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreporteda

significantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren，tmarried.

Soperhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn，treallyso

complicated.Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturing

wives,theyjustplainfeelhappierthantheotherguysdo.Andwhat

betterreasonthanforstayingalive?

第16题：

Environmentalfactorsaffectourhealthinimportantway.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

6

该句句意为“环境因素对我们的健康有很大的影响。”但文中并没有提到这一点。

第17题:

Thevariouslivingarrangementswon，taffectmortality.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

纵观全文，文章一直在讨论的是完整健康的婚姻，即生活状态对男人的健康是有

重大影响的。

第18题：

Nutritionisamainfactorforamantolivelonger.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见第四段“性别作用：虽然现在许多中年人知道使用干酷磨碎机与大蒜压榨机的

区别，但营养因素仍然在加州研究结果中占有一定的地位。Davis研究小组既往

的研究表明那些未婚男人尽管与他人共同生活，其饮食的营养性仍较已婚的男人

差。Davis说：“传统的性别作用意味着在购买营养品和烹调食物方面男人不如

女人懂得多。”

第19题：

Menwhowerewidowedhadasurvivalrateaslowasthosewhohadnever

beenmarried.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

见第三段，"Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefound

primarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,spepcratedordivorced,ratherthan

inthosewhohadnevermarried."无配偶的低生存率主要见于那些分居或离

婚的鳏夫，而非那些从未结婚的男人。

第20题:

Emotionalandsocialfactorsalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamong

thespouselessmen.

7

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见第五段Emotionalandsocialfactorsprobablyalsoplayedarolein

highermortalityamongthespouselessmen.,在无配偶男人的高死亡率中，

情感和社会因素可能电起了一定作用。

第21题：

Happy-feelingisthebestreasonformentostayalive.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

见最后一段，Davis已发现已婚男人们反映的健康水平显著高于那些未婚者，因

此其长寿的原因似乎并不复杂。因为他们受到爱妻的悉心照料，所以他们显然比

其他小伙子更感快乐。那么还有什么更好的理由令其生存于世呢？

第22题：

Thepessimist'sfeelingofhelplessnessunderminesthebody'stheimmune

system.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

该句句意为''悲观者的无助感会损害人体的免疫系统”，但文中并没有提到这一

点。

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

Medicineisthescienceandartofhealing.Itisasciencebecause

itisbasedonknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyandexperimentation.

Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctorsandothermedical

workersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwithpatients.

2.Thegoalsofmedicinearetosavelives,torelieve

8

suffering,andtomaintainthedignityofillindividuals.Forthisreason,

medicinehaslongbeenoneofthemostrespectedprofessions.Thousands

ofmenandwomenwhoworkinthemedicalprofessionspendtheirlives

caringforthesick.Whendisasterstrikes,hospitalworkersrush

emergencyaidtotheinjured.Whenepidemicsthreaten,doctorsandnurses

worktoprevent

thespreadofdisease.Researchersinthemedicalprofession

continuallysearchforbetterwaysoffightingdisease.

3.Humanbeingshavesufferedfromillnessessincethey

firstappearedontheearth.Throughoutmostofthistime,theyknewlittle

abouthowthehumanbodyworksorwhatcausesdisease.Treatmentwasbased

largelyonsuperstitionandguesswork.

4.However,medicinehasmadetremendousprogressinthe

lastseveralhundredyears.Today,itispossibletocure,control,or

preventhundredsofdiseases.Peoplelivelongerthantheydidinthepast

asaresultofnewdrugs,machines,andsurgicaloperations.Medical

progressinthecontrolofinfectiousdiseases,improvementsinhealth

careprogramsformothersandchildren,andbetternutrition,sanitation,

andlivingconditionshavegivenpeoplealongerlifeexpectancy.

5.Asmedicinehasbecomemorescientific,ithasalso

becomemorecomplicated.Inthepast,doctorscaredforpatientsalmost

single-handedly.Patientsreceivedtreat-mentathomeformostkindsof

illnesses.Today,doctorsnolongerworkbythemselves.Insteadtheyhead

medicalteamsmadeupofnurses,laboratoryworkers,andmanyother

skilledprofessionals.Thecareprovidedbysuchteamscannotgenerally

bestartedathome.Asaresult,clinicsandhospitalshavebecomethe

chiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries.

第23〜26题

A.Inancienttribes,treatmentwasexecutedbywitchdoctorsand

basedlargelyonsuperstition

B.Today,extensiveknowledgeandsophisticatedmedicaltechniques

makepossiblethecure,control,andpreventionofhundredsofdisease

C.Thegoalsofmedicineinvolveliferescuing,paiareducing,and

dignitymaintaining

D.Controlofinfectionsdiseasesisgivenasareasonforalonger

alife

E.Schoolinfirmariesappearasaresultofincreasingcomplicated

medicalwork

F.Medicalcareisnowprovidedforpatientsinhospitalsbya

medicalteamconsistingofdoctors,nurses,andlaboratoryworkers

第27〜30题

A.alonglifeexpectancyformostpeople

B.artistsareadroitindealingwiththeirpaintingsubject

C.engageinthemedicalprofession

9

D.carefulstudyandexperimentation

E.thechiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries

第23题：

Paragraph2.

参考答案：

c

详细解答：

第二段段意为“医学的目的在于拯救生命，减轻痛苦，以及维护病人的尊严。”

第24题：

Paragraph3.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第三段的段意为“自人类在地球上出现开始，他们便受着疾病的折磨，治病

在很大程度上是建立在迷信和猜测的基础上。”

第25题：

Paragraph4.

参考答案:

B

详细解答：

第四段的段意为“今日，人类已经可能治愈，控制或是防治数百种疾病。”

第26题:

Paragraph5.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第无段段意为“现在随着科学技术的发展，医学技术也越来越先进复杂，人

们可以在医院接受一整支医疗队的精心照顾。”

第27题：

scienceandtechnologyDoctorsareskillfulindealingwithpatientsjust

as______.

10

参考答案:

B

详细解答：

见第一段"Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctors

andothermedicalworkersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwith

patients.”

第28题:

Doctorsapplytheknowledgegainedthrough.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

见第一段“Medicinceisthescienceandartofhealing,itisascience

becauseitisbasedOnknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyand

experimentation.”医学是治疗的科学和艺术。说它是一门科学是因为它是以潜

心学习和实验所得的知识为基础的。

第29题：

Medicalprogress,improvedhealthcare,andbetterlivingconditionshave

ensured.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

见第四段"Medicalprogressinthecontrolofinfectionsdiseases**-

andlivingconditionshavegivenpeoplealongerlifeexpectancy.”

第30题:

Withthedevelopmentofthemedicine,clinicsandhospitalshave

become.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

见最后。一段"Asaresult,clinicsandhospitalshavebecomethechief

centersformedicalcareinmostcountries.”结果，在大多数国家诊所和

医院已经变成主要的医疗保健的中心场所了。

11

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面

有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从

4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

Twoscientistswhohavewonpraiseforresearchintothegrowth

ofcancercellscouldbecandidatesfortheNobelPrizeinmedicinewhen

the2008winnersarepresentedonMonday,kickingoffsixdaysofNobel

announcements.

Australian-bornU.S.citizenElizabethBlackburnandAmerican

CarolGreiderhavealreadywonaseriesofmedicalhonorsfortheirenzyme

researchandexpertssaytheycouldbeamongthefront-runnersforaNobel.

Onlysevenwomenhavewonthemedicineprizesincethefirst

NobelPrizeswerehandedoutin1901.ThelastfemalewinnerwasU.S.

researcherLindaBuckin2004,whosharedtheprizewithRichardAxel.

Amongthepair，spossiblerivalsareFrenchmanPierreChambon

andAmericansRonaldEvansandElwoodJensen,whoopenedupthefieldof

studyingproteinscallednuclearhormonereceptors.

Asusual,theawardcommitteeisgivingnohintsaboutwhois

intherunningbeforepresentingitsdecisioninanewsconferenceat

Stockholm'sKarolinskaInstitute.

AlfredNobel,theSwedewhoinventeddynamite,establishedthe

prizesinhiswillinthecategoriesofmedicine,physics,chemistry,

literatureandpeace.TheeconomicsprizeistechnicallynotaNobelbut

a1968creationofSweden，scentralbank.

Nobelleftfewinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners,but

medicinewinnersaretypicallyawardedforaspecificbreakthroughrather

thanabodyofresearch.

HansJornvall,secretaryofthemedicineprizecommittee,said

the10millionkronor(US$1.3million)prizeencouragesgroundbreaking

researchbuthedidnotthinkwinningitwastheprimarygoalfor

scientists.

^Individualresearchersprobablydon'tlookatthemselvesas

potentialNobelPrizewinnerswhenthey'reatwork,“JornvalltoldThe

AssociatedPress."Theygettheirkicksfromtheirresearchandtheir

interestinhowlifefunctions./z

In2006,Blackburn,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,San

Francisco,andGreider,ofJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,shared

theLaskerprizeforbasicmedicalresearchwithJackSzostakofHarvard

MedicalSchool.Theirworksetthestageforresearchsuggestingthat

cancercellsusetelomerasetosustaintheiruncontrolledgrowth.

第31题：

WhoisNOTalikelycandidateforthisyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicine?

A.ElizabethBlackburn.

B.CarolGreider.

12

C.LindaBuck.

D.PierreChambon.

参考答案：C

由一到四段可知，A、B、D都在候选名单中，写到LindaBuck,只是为说明她是

获得诺奖的女性之一，并非猜测她是本届候选人。

第32题：

WhichisNOTtrueofAlfredNobel?

A.HewasfromSweden.

B.Hewastheinventorofdynamite.

C.Heestablishedtheprizesinhiswill.

D.Hegaveclearinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners.

参考答案：D

第七段写到，诺贝尔并没有留下多少候选人如何产生的指示。

第33题:

WhichwasNOToriginallyoneoftheNobelPrizes?

A.Themedicineprize.

B.Theliteratureprize.

C.Thepeaceprize.

D.Theeconomicsprize.

参考答案：D

由于第六段可知，诺贝尔当初没有设立经济学奖，该奖项为瑞典中央银行所设。

第34题:

Theword"kicks“inline6fromthebottomprobablymeans.

A.excitement.

B.income.

C.motivation.

D.knowledge.

参考答案：A

单词所在段落的意思是：科学家做研究，不是为了获得诺奖，其乐趣来自研究课

题以及对生命如何运作的兴趣。最符合文意的是A：乐趣。

第35题:

TheresearchbyBlackburnandGreiderhelpssuggesttheroleof.

13

A.moneyinmedicalresearch.

B.proteinsincancertreatment.

C.hormonesinthefunctioningoflife.

D.telomeraseinthegrowthofcancercells.

参考答案：D

末段写道，两位的研究显示，telomerase对癌细胞不受遏止的生长起到了作用，

故选C。

Thegenesthathelpdetermineaperson，sindividual

characteristics-fromthecolorofhiseyestothescorehemakesonan

IQtest—arelocatedonchromosomeswithinthecellsofhisbody.Half

ofaperson，schromosomescomefromhisfather,halffromhismother.Many

diseasesaretheresultofasingledefectivegeneononeofthe

chromosomes.Achondroplasticdwarfism,forexample,iscausedbya

dominantgeneandanychildwhoinheritsitwillhavethedisease.A

geneticcounselorconfrontedbyaparentwithsuchadiseasecouldwarn

thathalfofhischildrenriskthedisease.Moreoften,geneticdiseases

arecausedbyrecessivegenes.Themostcommoniscysticfibrosis,a

disorderthataffectsatleastoneinevery1600babiesandcausestheir

lungsandotherbodyorganstobecomecongestedwithmucus.Somediseases,

suchastheblood-clottingdisorder,hemophilia,aresex-linkedrecessive

defectscarriedonthefemaleXchromosome.

Manygeneticdefects,suchasthehemophiliaofEuropean

royalty,canbetracedbackthroughthefamilytree.Andagenetic

counselorcancalculateprobablerisksforcouplesevenbeforetheyhave

defectivechildren.Butfaultygenesmayalsooccurwithoutwarningby

mutationinanygeneration.

Inrecentyears,researchershavedetectedanumberof

disorderscausedbyanextrachromosome,orlackofpartofachromosome.

Mongolism,aformofretardationaccompaniedbyshortstature,aflattened

noseandbroadhandsandfeet,iscausedbyanextrachromosome.The

parentsofsuchachildhavelittleincreasedriskofhavinganother

Mongoloid.

Thereareblood,urineandothertestswhichshowpromisein

detectingmorethan100geneticdiseases,includingcysticfibrosis,

hemophiliaandsomeformsofmusculardystrophy.

Researchersarealsodetectinggeneticdefectsevenbeforea

childisborn.^Intrauterinedetection,z/notesDr.HenryL.Nadlerof

NorthwesternUniversityMedicalSchool,“bringsanewdimensionto

geneticcounseling.Thephysicianmaynowinform

theparentsthattheywillhaveeitheranaffectedoranormalchild.

14

第36题:

Theoriginaltitleofthepassagecanbebestreplacedby.

A.GenesandDiseases

B.GenesandOne，sCharacteristics

C.GeneticDefectsandtheFamilyTree

D.DominantandRecessiveGenes

参考答案：A

从句中的许多表达“Thegenesthathelpdetermine…”“Manydiseasesare

theresultofasingledefectivegene…”“Manygeneticdefects,suchas…”

可知A项的“基因和疾病”比D项的单纯论述基因要好。

第37题:

Whydoesthewriterusethefirstexampleinthefirstparagraphregarding

achondroplasticdwarfism?

A.Togiveanexampleofonewho,ssufferingfromthisdisease.

B.Toillustratewhyapersonmaysufferfromthisdisease.

C.Topointoutthecausesofallgeneticdiseases.

D.Torelateadefectivegenewitharecessivegene.

参考答案：B

文中aAchondroplasticdwarfism,forexample,iscausedbyadominantgene

andanychildwhoinheritsitwillhavethedisease.v从该句中日J以看出

作者不仅举出“dwarfism”作为例子，更为重要的是说明了（illustrate）为什么

会适成这种疾病，所以B项合适。

第38题:

Astothegeneticdefects,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A.Recessivegenesplayagreaterpartthandominantgenesingenetic

diseases.

B.Hemophiliaiscausedbygeneticdefectsonthemother，sside.

C.Alldiseasesduetogeneticdefectsarepasseddownfromold

generations.

D.Geneticcounselorscantakerisksforcouplesbypreventingthem

fromhavingdefectivechildren.

参考答案：C

文中“Butfaultygenesmayalsooccur（产生）withoutwarningbymutation（突

变）inanygeneration"与C项的内容”所有的基因缺陷形成的疾病都是上代遗

传的"相矛盾。所以C项''isnottrue”。

15

第39题:

Whatdorecentstudiesongeneticdefectstellus?

A.Somediseasesresultfromanextrachromosome.

B.Somediseasesarecausedbyachromosomeinshort.

C.Faultygenescausedbymutationgiverisetodiseaseslike

mongolism.

D.Parentsofmongoloidarelikelytohavemorechildrenofthekind.

参考答案：A

文中“Inrecentyears,researchershavedetectedanumberofdisorders

causedbyanextrachromosome,orlackofpartofachromosome表明了

A项正确。B项似乎也正确，但全缺uchromosome,,与部分缺(lackpartofa

chromosome)是大不一样的，所以B项不正确。

第40题：

Wecanseefromthepassagethattheauthorseemstobeaboutthe

preventionofgeneticdiseases.

A.suspicious

B.unconcerned

C.pessimistic

D.optimistic

参考答案：D

文中“Thephysicianmaynowinformthetheparentsthattheywillhave

eitheranaffectedoranormalchild”表明基因研究已到了很深入的地步，

说明作者对基因疾病的防治持乐观态度。

弟二篇

Somepersonalcharacteristicsplayavitalroleinthe

developmentofone'sintelligence.Butpeoplefailtorealizethe

importanceofcultivatingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.

Theso-callednon-intelligencefactorsincludeone，sfeelings,

will,motivation,interestsandhabits.Aftera30-yearfollow-upstudy

of800males,Americanpsychologistsfoundoutthatthemaincauseof

disparities(差另U)inintelligenceisnotintelligenceitself,but

non-intelligencefactorsincludingthedesiretolearn,will-powerand

self-confidence.Thoughpeopleallknowthatoneshouldhavedefinite

objectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,quiteanumberof

teachersandparentsdon，tpaymuchattentiontocultivatingthesefactors.

Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellin

theirstudies.Theyblameeithergeneticfactors,malnutrition,or

16

laziness,buttheynevertakeintoconsiderationthesenon-intelligence

factors.Atthesametime,someteachersdon，tinquireintothese,as

reasonswhystudentsdopoorly.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesand

exercises,orevenrebukeorridicule（训斥或奚落）them.Gradually,these

studentslostself-confidence.Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedandgive

themselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastraybecausetheyaresickof

learning.

Theinvestigationofmorethan1,000middleschoolstudentsin

Shanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwereafraidoflearning,because

ofexaminations,36.4percentlackpersistence,initiativeand

conscientiousnessand10.3percentweresickoflearning.

Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnon-intelligence

factorshasbeenamainobstacletointelligencedevelopmentinteenagers.

Itevercausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicalandpsychological

developmentamongafewstudents.

Ifwedon，tstartnowtostrengthenthecultivationof

non-intelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyobstructthedevelopmentof

theintelligenceofteenagers,butalsoaffectthequalityofawhole

generation.