Unit5MusicDiscoveringUsefulStructures非谓语课件高中英语人教版

Non-finiteVerb3.复杂句（简称复句）ComplexSentence一个句子中有其他句子在该句中充当成分，则整个句子为复杂句，即句子中有句子Whathesaidisnottrue.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.语法系统构建1.简单句SimpleSentence指只包含一个主谓结构的句子Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewyears.英语中有四种句子2.并列句CompoundSentence指两个及两个以上简单句由并列连词and,or,but,so等并列连词构成的句子Thestudentsstudiedhardandtheymadebettergrades.4.并列复杂句Compound-complexSentence并列句+复杂句Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselves,butwecouldn’tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.

目录CONTENTS1234什么是非限定动词/非谓语非谓语的分类非谓语的书写重难点WhatWhatHowDifficultandkeypoints非限定动词就是我们常说的非谓语动词，但前者更为规范精确，它包含三种形式，不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词限定动词非限定动词一.Whatisnon-finiteverb有“非限定动词”就有“限定动词”，“限定”顾名思义有“限制”的含义。“限定动词”指受时态、三单等限制的动词，如does,did,willhavedone等等；而“非限定动词”则指不受这些限制，既包括todo,doing,done。我们常说，在英文的一个完整句子中，仅有一个动词，也就是仅有一个限定动词不定式ed分词非限定动词ing分词动名词现在分词Drill探索限定动词与非限定动词。找出下列句子中的限定动词与非限定动词。Shehasnofriendtodependon.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.Seeingisbelieving.Havingdressedupnicely,wewentouttohavesomegoodlocalfoodandenjoythecelebrations.Mycousinisveryinterestedinpainting.Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingabilities.为什么会有“非限定动词”？它有什么作用？一.Whatisnon-finiteverbShehasnofriendtodependon.Havingdressedupnicely,wewentouttohavesomegoodlocalfoodandenjoythecelebrations.“非限定动词”就是简化(simplification)的结果。在修辞的角度上来看，语言追求的就是清晰(clear)和简洁(concise)。如果按照句子从低级到高级的程度来排列的话，那么简单句则是低级句型，合句和复句是中级句型，用非限定动词简化后的从句就是高级句型。而这种简化，则是对我们所学过的复句（名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句）进行简化，简化后就会出现“非限定动词”。Level1Level2Level3简单句复句、合句简化后…什么句子可以简化？如何简化？用词上？句意上？没有的话如何传达意思？二.Howtoclassify(分类)non-finiteverb功能分类：充当主语、宾语、状语、定语…不定式ed分词非限定动词ing分词动名词现在分词形式分类：形容词从句副词从句不定式ing分词ed分词简化ed分词不具有名词词性！为什么少了一条箭头呢？名词从句三.Howtosimplifysentences以be动词为基础（若没有be动词则需要自己添加），适当省略be动词、连接词和重复的部分Helenisthemostbeautifulgirlintheworld.Thetownisthreemilesaway.Thereisabookonthetable.ThepartyisonFridayevening.对比be动词与实义动词翻译的区别Birdsarelovely.Birdsfly.Birdseatworms.Birdsgiveussongs.Birdsmakethemorningbeautiful.为什么省略be动词？

没有be动词怎么办？因为be动词没有意义，省略后不会影响原句子意思添加be动词三.Howtosimplifysentences不定式有何种含义呢？看以下例句：“ThechildrenexpecttogetpresentsforChristmas.”A.去B.能C.将要to是不是有一种情态动词的意味在里面？是何种情态动词呢？1.不定式mustshouldwill/wouldcan/couldmay/mightOughttoBeabletobelikelytoBegoingto/betoHaveto请完成下列同义词或词组的配对，并体会将情态动词转化为含to词组的韵味具有有“将要”“去”的意味，往往带有一种对未来的期望与不确定性！三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：情态助动词含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto寻找共同逻辑主语将情态动词转化为含to的词组省略“be”、主语、连接词ThechildrenexpectthattheycangetpresentsforChristmas.ThechildrenexpectthattheyareabletogetpresentsforChristmas.ThechildrenexpecttogetpresentsforChristmas.beableto\\\\1).名词从句的简化三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式Heforgotthatheshouldseehisdentistthatday.Heforgotthatheoughtto/wastoseehisdentistthatday.Heforgottoseehisdentistthatday.oughtto/beto\1).名词从句的简化\\\DrillIwouldlikethatyoucanlookafterthekidsformethisevening.Ithinkitstrangethatmanshouldfearghosts.Idon’tknowthequestion.(先改写为名词从句，再简化)WhatshouldIdo?三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：情态助动词含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto寻找共同逻辑主语将情态动词转化为含to的词组省略“be”、主语、连接词Johnistheonewhoshouldgothistime.Johnistheonewhooughtto/istogothistime.Johnistheonetogothistime.oughtto/beto\\\2).形容词从句的简化形容词从句的关键是什么？会不会有利于我们寻找共同的逻辑主语三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式2).形容词从句的简化DrillThesecretarythoughtthatitmightnotbethebesttimethatsheshouldaskherbossforaraise.Ihaveajob.(先改写为形容词词从句，再简化)Yourbrothercandothejob.Thisisexactlythething.Weshoulddothething.Thisisexactlythetimetodoit.Johnisnotthemantotrust.Johnisnotthemantobetrusted.HilaryCliton,whoisprettyandintelligent,isapopularFirstLady.三.Howtosimplifysentences1.不定式将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：情态助动词含to的形式musthavetoshouldoughttowill/wouldbegoingto/betocan/couldbeabletomay/mightbelikelyto寻找共同逻辑主语将情态动词转化为含to的词组省略“be”、主语、连接词Iamgladtohelpyou.3).副词从句的简化Iamglad_____I_____tohelpyou.既然是副词从句，那么两个分句之间是什么关系，该用什么连词？IamgladbecauseIcanhelpyou.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词将多个句子简化成一个含“ing分词”非限定动词的步骤：ThatIdrinkgoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.ThatIamdrinkinggoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.Drinkinggoodwinewithfriendsismygreatestenjoyment.1).名词从句的简化在这种简化中，若有bedoing的形式，则直接省略be动词；若无bedoing，则添加be动词，将动词改为-ing形式，再进行省略，毕竟be动词没有意义，省略后不会影响句子含义。寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词Tip:逻辑主语可不是主语哦！\\\思考：此处ing分词是做“主语/宾语/表语”？此处ing分词属于“现在分词/动名词”？三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词将多个句子简化成一个含“ing分词”非限定动词的步骤：寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词1).名词从句的简化思考：此处ing分词是做“主语/宾语/表语”？此处ing分词属于“现在分词/动名词”？DrillManyhusbandsenjoysthattheydothecooking.Hegotusedtosomething.(先改写为名词从句，在进行简化)He

worked

lateintothenight.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词小技巧：主语不能省略该怎么办？寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词1).名词从句的简化①使用S+V+O+C结构处理Iimaginedthatabeautifulgirlwassingingtome.Iimaginedabeautifulgirlsingingtome.Tip:seesbdosthseesbdoingsth……\\②使用所有格结构处理Thathecallsmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.Callingmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.Hiscallingmygirlfriendeverydayistoomuchforme.×√三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词小技巧：主语不能省略该怎么办？寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词1).名词从句的简化③添加介系词处理Iamworriedthatmysonliesallthetime.(还原)Iamworriedthefactthatmysonliesallthetime.Iamworried_____mysonlyingallthetime.Iamworriedaboutmysonlyingallthetime.Iamworriedaboutmyson’slyingallthetime.转化为同位语从句，重复部分\\\SVOCSVO三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词小技巧：被动的处理寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词1).名词从句的简化Thatanyoneiscalledaliaristhegreatestinsult(侮辱).Calledaliaristhegreatestinsult.Beingcalledaliaristhegreatestinsult.×√提示：ed分词不具有名词词性！无法充当主语、宾语DrillIamlookingforwardtobeinginvitedtotheparty.(拆分成两个分句)Iamlookingforwardsomething.Iaminvitedtotheparty.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词2).形容词从句的简化TheshipwhichiscomingtoshoreisfromGaoxiong.TheshipcomingtoshoreisfromGaoxiong.\\Myoldcar,breakingdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.Myoldcar,whichisbreakingdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.Myoldcar,whichbreaksdowneveryotherweek,won’tlastmuchlonger.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词3).副词从句的简化Whiletheboywaslyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.Whilelyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.Lyingonthecoach,hefellasleep.\\Whichoneisbetter？现在分词带有“动作”和“持续”的含义DrillAlthoughwehavenothingtodohere,wecan’tleaveearly.Havingnothingtodohere,wecan’tleaveearly.AsIamastudent,Ican’taffordtogetmarried.Beingastudent,Ican’taffordtogetmarried.三.Howtosimplifysentences2.ing分词寻找共同逻辑主语加“be”将实义动词变为“ing”形式省略“be”、主语、连接词3).副词从句的简化Afterhewrotetheletter,heputittomail.Afterwritingtheletter,heputittomail.Writingtheletter,heputittomail.Havingwritingtheletter,heputittomail.Whenhehadwrittentheletter,heputittomail.现在分词带有“动作”和“持续”的含义×√√√三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分词将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：寻找共同逻辑主语省略“be”、主语、连接词Beerwhichischilledto6℃isdelicious.Billchilledto6℃isdelicious.\\1).形容词从句的简化ed分词不具有名词词性！故也没有名词从句的简化部分DrillYourbrotherJohn,woundedinwar,willsoonbesenthome.(转化为形容词从句)YourbrotherJohn,who

was

woundedinwar,willsoonbesenthome.三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分词将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：寻找共同逻辑主语省略“be”、主语、连接词Afterhewasshotintheknee,hecouldn’tfight.Shotintheknee,hecouldn’tfight.\\2).副词从句的简化ed分词不具有名词词性！故也没有名词从句的简化部分这种简化中，ed分词有什么含义在里面呢？ed分词有“被”和“已经”的含义三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分词将多个句子简化成一个含“不定式”非限定动词的步骤：寻找共同逻辑主语省略“be”、主语、连接词Beforeitwasredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Redecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforeredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforebeingredecorated,thehousewasinbadshape.Beforeredecoration,thehousewasinbadshape.2).副词从句的简化ed分词不具有名词词性！故也没有名词从句的简化部分Tip:before,after,since此处为介系词!√×√√三.Howtosimplifysentences3.ed分词体会介系词的妙用Whenshecompletedtheproject,shewaspromoted.Upon

completingtheproject,shewaspromoted.介系词+名词！Althoughheopposedit,theplanwascarriedout.Despite

hisopposition,theplanwascarriedout.Ifthereshouldbeafire,thesprinkler(洒水车)willbestarted.Incaseofafire,thesprinklerwi