医学专业英语课件-

BuildingABetterHeart

SecondChance:artificialheartQingYeDepartmentofCardiothoracicSurgeryRenJiHospital

Milestonesinartificialheart1953,aheart-lungmachinedesignedbyDr.JohnGibbonisusedinasuccessfulopen-heartsurgery,demonstratingthatanartificialdevicecantemporarilymimicthefunctionsoftheheart1955,ateamofscientistsledbyWillemKolff,testedtheirmodelinanimals1964,theNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitutesetsagoalofdesigningatotalartificialheartby19701966,Dr.MichaelDeBakeyofHoustonsuccessfullyimplantsapartialartificialheart1967,Dr.ChristiaanBarnardperformsthefirstsuccessfulhumanhearttransplant.Thepatients,53-year-olddentistLouisWashkansky,dies18daysaftersurgeryinSouthAfrican

In1969,ateamledbyDentonCooleyoftheTexasHeartInstitutesuccessfullykeptahumanpatientaliveformorethansixtyhourswiththeirmodel(temporary).Thepatientgetsahearttransplantthreedayslaterbutthendies1½daysafterwardIn1982,ateamledbyWilliamDeVriesoftheUniversityofUtahimplantedtheJarvik-7intoapatientnamedBarneyClark,whosurvivedwithJarvik-7for112days1982-1985,Dr.WilliamDeVriescarriesoutaseriesoffiveimplantsoftheJarviktotalartificialheartWilliamSchroeder,lived620days,dyinginAugust1986atage541994,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapprovestheLeftVentricularAssistDevice,whichhelpsfailingheartscontinuetofunction2000,AmaninIsrealbecomesthefirstrecipientoftheJarvik2000,thefirsttotalartificialheartthatcanmaintainbloodflowinadditiontogeneratingapulse2019,doctorsatJewishHospitalinLouisville,Ky.,implantthefirstself-contained,mechanicalheartreplacementintoapatientTworecipient:RobertTools&TomChristersonRobertJarvikHewasborninMichiganonMay11,1946In1964,hisfatherbecameillwithheartdiseaseandhadtohaveopenheartsurgeryRobertJarvikJarvikbecameveryinterestedinmedicineatthatpointandbegantothinkaboutpossibledesignsforartificialheartsthatcouldhelppeoplelikehisfatherHeinventedJarvik-7andJarvik-2000Jarvik-7Jarvik2000Prof.WillemJKolffHewasborninLeiden,NetherlandsGraduatedfromtheUniversityofLeidenIn1955,heimplantedanartificialheartintoadogTutorofDr.RobertJarvik1981,heappliedtoFDADr.WilliamdeVriesAnAmericancardiothoracicsurgeonReceivinghisMDdegreefromtheUniversityofUtahin1970Asaresidentincardiovascular/thoracicsurgeryatDukeUniversityMedicalCenterAssistantprofessorofsurgeryattheUniversityofUtahuntil1984Dr.WilliamdeVriesSince1984,hehasbeendirectoroftheartificialheartprojectoftheHumanaHospitalAuduboninLouisville,KentuckyPerformedthefirstsuccessfulpermanentartificialheartimplantforBarneyClarkbyusinganartificialdevicedesignedbyDr.RobertJarvikDr.BarneyClarkAn61yearoldretireddentistfromSeattleFirstrecipientoftheman-madeartificialheartonDec1,1982attheUtahMedicalCenterDr.BarneyClarkSixyearsbeforethetransplant,hehadcontractedamysteriousviralinfection,whichmadehiscardiacmuscleflabby,weakandswollenfromalackofbloodflowBecauseofhypertensionandhisage,hewasnotanacceptablecandidateatanyhearttransplantationcenterDr.BarneyClarkHewasintroducedbyhisprivatedoctortoDr.WillimDeVriesThemeetingincludedvisitstolaboratorieswheretheJarvik-7wasmanufacturedandtheanimalbarnwheretheyobservedcalves/sheepwithsimilarheartimplantsHewasgivenan11consentformTherewasnoguaranteethattheoperationwouldincreaseClark’slifespan,noguaranteehewouldregainhisindependenceDr.BarneyClarkTheconsentformstated“Irecognizethatiftheartificialheartdevicefails,deathorseriousinjuryisthenearcertainresult.Ineverthelessaccepttheriskofsubstantialandseriousharm,includingdeath,implementationoftheartificialheartdevicecanbedemonstratedDr.BarneyClarkHesignedaconsentformonNov30,1982at9:52p.mafterbeinginterviewedbysixmembersofaspecialheartsubcommitteeatUniversityofUtahMedicalCenterThesurgerywasscheduledatthemorningofDec2,1982However,hewasimmediatelyrushedintotheoperatingroombecauseofhisdeterioratingheartonDec1,1982at10:30p.m.Dr.BarneyClarkHesurvivedwithJarvik-7for112daysAseriousofcomplicationledtoClark’sdeathfromcirculatoryandmulti-organcollapseonMarch23at10:02p.m.TworecipientsofAbiCorartificialheartRobertTools,firstrecipientofAbiCorartificialheartwasdiedfivemonthsafterimplantation,2019TworecipientsofAbiCorartificialheartTomChristerson,secondrecipientofAbiCorartificialheartarestillaliveformorethanoneyearArtificialheartsabandonedBytheendofthe’80s,theJarvikdeviceshadbeenimplantedtosustainpatientswaitingfortransplantsSincethen,developmentofanimprovedartificialhearthascontinuedScientistscontinuetoworkondesignsforanartificialheartthatcouldprovidearealistic,permanentoptionforsurviv