北京卷05-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（解析版）

2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷四（北京卷）本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：学问运用（共两节，30分）第一节完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。(2023门头沟区)Familyisthewarmestplacewheremembersalwayshelpeachother,especiallyinthemostdifficulttimes.MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimesmanyyearsago.However,wedidn’tmentionthedifficultiestoourchildren.Theonlythingtheyknewclearlywasthatwehadto___1___manythings.Butwedidn’twantto___2___themwithaproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing.Oursituationwasn’timproving,andweknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointof___3___,ourcommunitygaveusanenvelopethathadbeenleftinthecommittee’sofferingbox.Thecommitteesaid,“Inourcommunity,therehasbeenawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficulties.Inordernottomakethereceiversfeelashamed,moneyissecretlydroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythe___4___nameoneachenvelope.Thentheenvelopesare___5___tothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names.”Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.Wecouldn’thelpbut___6___whohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereenormouslygrateful.Later,oursonappliedforastudentloansothathecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatwe___7___hissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.Wewereso___8___thatIaskedhimrepeatedlytofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Hejuststoodtherewithfirmeyesbutsaidnothing.Finally,withgreat___9___,mysoneventuallyadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforus.Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Hehadspentseveralyearssavingthatmoneyandhadgivenittous_____10_____withouttellinguswhathehaddone.1.A.makeupfor B.comeupwith C.cutbackon D.lookforwardto2.A.bother B.harm C.encourage D.support3.A.anger B.desperation C.hope D.relief4.A.receiver’s B.giver’s C.organizer’s D.partner’s5.A.related B.contributed C.distributed D.devoted6.A.recall B.infer C.imagine D.wonder7.A.discovered B.thought C.ensured D.admitted8.A.pessimistic B.disappointed C.frightened D.guilty9.A.interaction B.explanation C.expectation D.hesitation10.A.obviously B.willingly C.gradually D.accidentally【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者一家生活困难，在濒临无望的时候，一个匿名的人给了他们一个装有现金的信封帮他们度过了难关，最终发觉这个人竟然是他们的儿子。1考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们唯一清楚的是，我们必需削减开支。A.makeupfor补偿；B.comeupwith提出；C.cutbackon消减；D.lookforwardto期盼。依据上文“MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimes(我和丈夫经受了困难的时期)”可知他们需要消减开支，故选C项。2考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们不想为他们无能为力帮忙的问题而困扰他们。A.bother打搅；烦扰；B.harm损害；C.encourage鼓舞；D.support支持。依据下文“aproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing(他们无能为力帮忙的问题)”可知，这些问题他们无能为力，所以父母不期望烦扰他们，故选A项。3考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在我们接近无望的程度的时候，社区给了我们一个信封，这个信封放在了居委会的募捐箱里。A.anger生气；B.desperation无望；C.hope期望；D.relief解脱。依据下文“Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.(你可以想象，我们收到它是多么的兴奋，这足以让我们度过无望的时间)”可知，作者一家的经济状况达到了无望的程度，故选B项。4考查名词全部格词义辨析。句意：为了不让接收者感到耻辱，人们偷偷地把钱放进一个募捐箱里，每个信封上只有接收者的名字。A.receiver’s接收人的；B.giver’s赠予人的；C.organizer’s组织者的；D.partner’s伙伴的。依据上文“ourcommunitygaveusanenvelope(社区给了我们一个信封)”可知，信封上面写的是我们的名字，我们是接收者，故选A项。5考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字。A.related联系；B.contributed贡献；C.distributed分发；D.devoted奉献。依据下文“withoutthemknowingthegivers’names(不知道赠予者的名字)”可知，这是分发信封的方式，故选C项。6考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不禁想知道是谁送了这么慷慨的礼物。A.recall回忆；B.infer推理；C.imagine想象；D.wonder想知道。依据上文“Thentheenvelopesaredistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names(信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字)”以及下文“Wewereenormouslygrateful(我们格外感谢)”可知，我们得到了挂念，格外感谢，但又不知道谁挂念了我们，想知道这个人是谁，故选D项。7考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我们才发觉他的储蓄账户几乎是空的。A.discovered发觉；B.thought思考；C.ensured确保；D.admitted承认。依据下文“hissavingaccountwasalmostempty(他的储蓄账户几乎是空的)”可知，他的账户是空的，这是我们发觉的，故选A项。8考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们格外绝望，反复要求他说出钱去了哪里。A.pessimistic悲观的；B.disappointed绝望的；C.frightened可怕的；D.guilty内疚的。依据上文“wediscoverhissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.(我们发觉他的储蓄账户几乎是空的。我们原本信任他会把兼职工作的工资存入银行)”可知，我们对他很绝望，故选B项。9考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，在极大的迟疑之下，我儿子最终承认前一年是他为我们把积蓄放进了募捐箱。A.interaction互动；B.explanation解释；C.expectation期盼；D.hesitation迟疑。依据下文“mysoneventuallyadmitted(我儿子最终承认)”可知，儿子是迟疑了很长时间才告知真相，故选D项。10考查副词词义辨析。句意：他花了好几年时间存了这笔钱，并心甘情愿地把钱给了我们，却没有告知我们他做了什么。A.obviously显而易见地；B.willingly乐意地；C.gradually渐渐地；D.accidentally偶然地。依据下文“withouttellinguswhathehaddone(没有告知我们他做了什么)”可知，他情愿这么做，故选B项。其次节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）(2022-2023学年北京市海淀区)阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AI’velovedphotographysinceIwasateenager.Myparentsrecordedmanyhomevideosofmysiblingsandme.Cherishedfamilymoments____11____(document).Revisitingthemwaslikeopeningatreasurechest.I’mgratefulforthesevisualrecords____12____showedouryouthandgrowth.Filmhadabiginfluenceonme.Ilovetheemotionsconveyedbythestoryonvideo.ForadecadeIworkedasafreelancefilmmakerandphotographer.Irecordedawiderangeofgenres,therefore____13____(collect)tensofthousandsofimages—bothstillandmoving.B阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。“Conventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselves____14____amoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒视),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeamcombineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacial____15____(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthem____16____(sad).Thesefindingareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteract____17____(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.C阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bydrawingpatternssuchasbamboosonthesurfaceofacupoftea,Chabaixi,anancientChineseteatrick____18____(go)viralrecently.Thereareadozensteps,fromgrindingteaforfinepowder,topouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth(泡沫),andfinallydrawingpatterns.Clearwateritusedtoputintothecup.Whenthewater____19____(touch)thesurfaceoftea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforedrawingisknownas“diancha.”Thequalityofitiscrucialto____20____thepatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.11．weredocumented12．which/that13．collecting【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的父母在童年为他和兄弟姐妹们录像对他成为一位电影制作人和摄影师的影响。11．考查动词时态语态。句意：贵重的家庭时刻被记录下来。空处作谓语，和主语moments为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合上文“recorded”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填weredocumented。12．考查定语从句。句意：我很感谢这些记录我们青春和成长的影像。空处引导定语从句，先行词records，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。13．考查非谓语动词。句意：我录制的题材广泛，因此收集了数以万计的图像——有静止的，也有移动的。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词recorded，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和collect为规律主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填collecting。14．in15．expressions16．sadder17．toinfluence【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章叙述了争辩发觉面部表情对心情有影响。14．考查介词。句意：犹他高校的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告知我们，微笑会让我们感到更欢快，皱眉会让我们的心情更严峻 。”inamoreseriousmood为固定短语，意为“处于更严峻 的心情”。故填in。15．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项争辩的数据，发觉面部表情的确对心情有影响。分析句子可知，“facial2(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings”是宾语从句，提示词是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填expressions。16．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更欢快，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更哀痛。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故填sadder。17．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发觉令人兴奋，由于它们供应了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填toinfluence。18．hasgone19．touches20．whether【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种古老的中国茶艺——茶百戏。18．考查动词时态。句意：在一杯茶的表面画上竹子的图案，这是一种古老的中国茶艺，茶百戏，最近在网上疯传。依据时间状语“recently”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为anancientChineseteatrick，助动词用has。故填hasgone。19．考查动词时态。句意：当水接触到茶的表面时，它会变成白色，并在20分钟内消逝。when引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词，主句谓语动词turns是一般现在时，从句也使用一般现在时，主语为thewater，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。20．考查宾语从句。句意：它的质量对于以后是否能成功地制作出图案至关重要。空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，从句不缺成分，连接词表示“是否”，需用whether引导。故填whether。其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2022·北京·北京师大附中校考三模）Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社区).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseeklocalpartners. B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes. D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewcultures B．protecttheenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefit D．helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21．C

22．D

23．D【导语】本文是一则广告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于乐观的转变贫困和偏远的社区，在这里能探究新的文化，结识新伴侣，同时做一些有价值的事。文章为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。21．细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。依据第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，依据岗位不同，管理人员可以挂念增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以推断出其主要职责是执行项目方案。故选C。22．细节理解题。题干问八月份开头的这个项目将在哪里开展。依据这个表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最终一个SouthAfrica

2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非开头，答案选D。23．细节理解题。题干问GDA的全部项目的共同目的是什么。依据第一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒数其次段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫困区域的进展，即挂念有需要的社区。故选D。B(2022-2023平谷区)AndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn’tseenanotherwomaninherrole—notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉醉式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzawelcomedthefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset(抵消)costs,Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother,biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders.“Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundred-footladder,they’renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,”saysSperanza.“It’sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks.”NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It’snotevenmeasurable.24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?A.Herdreamnow. B.Achildhoodaccident.C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters. D.Afirefighter’sencouragement.25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.CBuildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.【答案】24.B25.C26.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要叙述了加拿大的一位女性消防员AndreaSperanza，由于自己所在的领域女性很少，她创办了“士气营”，挂念很多女性成为消防和急救人员。24细节理解题。依据第一段中“Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.(童年时，她在建筑工地经受了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬畏。“当他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以挂念全部人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说)”可知，童年的一次意外经受使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。25细节理解题。依据其次段中“Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.(Speranza打算挂念年轻女性生疏到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业)”以及第三段中“TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉醉式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.(其结果就是“士气营”，这是一个面对15至19岁的女孩的沉醉式项目，她们想要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的学问)”可知，Speranza创办“士气营”是挂念更多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。26细节理解题。依据第四段中“Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.(营员必需提交一篇短文，描述他们方案如何挂念他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必需实现这个方案——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个儿童挂念电话分会)”可知，营员们需要提交一份方案，然后付诸行动才能通过士气营。故选D。C(2023房山区)Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(电催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸盐)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Fresh. B.Resting. C.Healthy. D.Normal.28.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.29.AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A.accurate B.dangerous C.promising D.impractical30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】27.B28.A29.C30.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工光合作用的过程以及乐观效果。27词句猜想题。依据划线词上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(这就是为什么植物在暖和的月份生长和健壮成长)”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”结合常识，可知，植物在阳光充分的暖和月份生长茂密，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故划线词意思是“休息的”。故选B。28主旨大意题。依据第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(电催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸盐)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的争辩人员使用两步电催化过程将二氧化碳、水和电转化为醋酸盐——醋的主要成分——植物有机体消耗醋酸来生长。争辩人员调整了电解槽，这是一种利用电力来支持食物生产生物生长的设备。用这种方法生产出了最高水平的醋酸盐)”可知，第三段的主要内容是人工光合作用的过程。故选A。29推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物几乎可以在任何地方种植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上种植番茄——这对将来的火星人来说会简洁多少？”UCR植物转化争辩中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas说)”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas认为人工光合作用是有期望的。故选C。30细节理解题。依据最终一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(这种新方法使用更少的土地提高了粮食生产的效率，并最大限度地削减了对地球环境的影响)”可知，利用人工光合作用种植食物可以削减对环境的影响。故选D。D（2022·北京·北京八十中校考三模）WhenIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostcommonquestionpeopleposeis:“Areyouanoptimistorapessimist?”Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakesmehopeful,yetingeneralthefossil-fuelindustryisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostcommonquestionis:“WhatcanI,personally,do?”That’satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearecollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,industry,large-scaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmostlikelywillnotcomefrompersonalactions;theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsforindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.Thatcouldexplainwhythefossil-fuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedtheideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibilitybyloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingonindividualactivityactuallyunderminessupportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhatpeopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,istoeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackletheclimatecrisis,andtheycandoitimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasescomefromagriculture,deforestationandotherland-usechanges.Meat—particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,throughcows’emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyareconvertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandforbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethatdemand.Youdonothavetobecomeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwouldhelpprotecttherainforest,sothepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improvedbiodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.Perhapsmostimportant,socialactioniscontagious—inagoodway.Iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmeatandifwetalkaboutitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoonthe1percentreductionbecomes2percentormore.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwillinfluenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.Consumerdemanddidthat.Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodforyourhealth.SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”31．Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualactions. B．Fossil-fuelindustries.C．Thethrivingeconomy. D．Effectivelawsandpolicies.32．Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.B．Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.C．Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.D．MostAmericanshavetobecomeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.34．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage？A．Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.B．Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.D．Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.【答案】31．D

32．C

33．D

34．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过个人的努力，也可以为削减碳脚印     贡献自己的力气。31．细节理解题。依据第三段“theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.(它们将来自法律和政策，如碳定价体系、修订的建筑法规和对绿色投资的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在减排中起打算性作用。故选D。32．推理推断题。依据第五段“Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.(然而，个人行为可以进展成有影响力的群体活动。)”及下文所举少吃肉的例子可推断，小的个人行为可以产生大的影响。故选C。33．词句猜想题。依据划线词后文“Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.(假如我们很多人开头少吃肉，假如我们建设性地谈论它，我们很可能会影响其他人。很快，1%的削减就变成了2%或更多。)”可知，社会行动具有传染性。所以contagious为“感染性的；传播性的”之意。故选D。34．推理推断题。依据最终一段“SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”(所以，虽然我不会建议政府下令人们停止吃汉堡包，但假如有人问：“我能做什么?”一个简洁而精确     的回答是:“少吃肉。”一切都在你的掌控之中，你现在就可以开头。这对你和地球都有好处。”)”及全文可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释如何通过个人努力削减碳脚印     的方法。故选A。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。(2022-2023平谷区)Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.____35____Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However,reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae(海藻)withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins(毒素)thatforcethosecoraltoleave.____36____Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp,suchasidentifyingnaturallyheat-resistantcoralsandcross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.____37____Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal,coral-killingpollution,evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.____38____Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutio