英语国家概况

关于英语国家概况ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第2页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月

Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第3页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第4页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第5页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第6页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.

第7页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月States

original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第8页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第9页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第10页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange（科迪勒拉山系）,extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第11页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheGreatCentralPlain（中部大平原）BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第12页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第13页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)第14页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.

第15页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NiagaraFalls第16页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月2.MainGeographicalRegions

NewEnglandRegion(新英格兰地区)TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion（大西洋中部地区）TheSouthRegion（南部地区）TheMidwestRegion（中西部地区）TheWestRegion（西部地区）TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区)第17页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第18页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NewENGLAND

第19页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.¼populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第20页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheSouthRegion

alargesectionofUS,including11states

favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工业的)thesouth:agrarian(农业的，土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第21页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月AmericanSouthernArea第22页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第23页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第24页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第25页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Oregon&California第26页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第27页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Alaska第28页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁，檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第29页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月HawaiiHawaiiDance第30页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第31页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥湾水系).第32页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea．TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

（《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》）tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第33页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托马克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington

b.TheHudsonRiver

(哈得孙河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第34页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月ClimateMajority:

temperateSome:

subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第35页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources

amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第36页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月MajorCities

WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第37页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Tips:

NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.

第38页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.NewYork

LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈顿),Brooklyn(布鲁克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士满)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.

第39页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第40页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(纽约证券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第41页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第42页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第43页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第44页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

第45页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第46页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托马克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.

第47页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月WashingtonMonument第48页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第49页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第50页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第51页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月2.2Capitol国会大厦ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第52页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第53页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第54页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第55页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第56页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第57页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月SearsTower(西尔斯大厦)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第58页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第59页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月第60页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%

NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美国人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第61页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第62页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第63页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第64页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第65页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.

第66页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔离法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(补充法案）totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.

第67页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第68页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第69页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月IHaveaDream

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第70页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Hispanics

—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates

PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第71页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)

hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第72页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“littleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第73页,共79页，星期六，2024年，5月Asianimmigrants—Chinese

AmongtheAsian