专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空 （原卷版）

专题04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空（原卷版） 一、非谓语动词 1.思维导图 2.高考真题再现一、2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）__________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.2.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.（2022全国甲卷）Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.4（2022全国甲卷）InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation___________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5（2022全国甲卷）Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,__________(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.6（2022全国乙卷）__________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,__________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.7.（2022年新高考2卷）HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___36___(fall)child.8.（2022年新高考2卷）Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.二、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure

andoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour

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(ache)legs.2.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）Itispossible

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(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）After

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(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

betterthantorideonapieceofhistory!4.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Minimizetheimpactof

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(visit)theplace.5.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Activitithererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andaccommodationsaim

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(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.6.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover

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(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.7.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries

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(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.8.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople

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(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.三、2020年高考真题1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466．(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theyrepresenttheearth63．(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65．(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.4.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theyareeasy68．(care)forandmakegreatpresents.5.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67．(find)thewell-knownpainter.6.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69．(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43．(walk)througharainforest.8.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60．(change)lives.9.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，63．(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.四、2019年高考真题1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modemmethods___of__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,…3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for___61___(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene___declared__(declare)shehadnoplans___65___(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Whenwegotacall___68___(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas___a__joke.6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___so__hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.【答案】toget【解析】考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：Ittakestimetodosth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用howlong对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为toget。7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we_wereinvited__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，___70___(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___59___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,…9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___63___(wear)theuniform.10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously___2___(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_myself_(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】EarthDay，___4___(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.五、2018年高考真题1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshocked(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.【答案】visiting 3.考试技巧语法填空解题策略1.巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,且正在进行,要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,且表完成,要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作,作状语表示目的,在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式It’s+形容词+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;It’snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.。3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词,则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。 4.知识点拓展1：考点梳理非谓语动词作主语的用法；非谓语动词作表语的用法；非谓语动词作定语的用法；非谓语动词作状语的用法；非谓语动词作宾语的用法；非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。考点1基本用法种类形式意义特征功能不定式todo主动、将来作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语tobedone被动、将来tobedoing主动、进行tohavedone主动、完成tohavebeendone被动、完成过去分词done被动、完成作表语、状语、定语和补语动词-ingdoing主动、进行作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语beingdone被动、进行havingdone主动、完成havingbeendone被动、完成考点2非谓语动词作主语1.动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。TeachingEnglishismyjob.Towriteanemailtothemanagerismyworktoday.2.动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.3.“therebe＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“itisimpossibletodosth.”。Thereisnoreasoningwithhim.注意：本句型中的no有时可用notany或neverany代替。如Thereisneveranytellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture.4.不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。Tokeephealthyisimportant.＝Itisimportanttokeephealthy.注意：Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important,impossible,right等)，如：Itisimpossibleforamantoflybyhimself.而Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind,foolish,clever,wrong,wise,nice等)，如ItiskindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.5.动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构Itisworthwhile/nogood/nouse/awasteof...中使用。Itisawasteoftimeregrettingforthepast.6.单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Takingexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.7.“疑问词＋todo”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。Wheretofindthelostkeysisstillaproblem.Iwaswonderinghowtogetthere.Myproblemiswhentochangetheplan.考点3非谓语动词作宾语情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义不同stoptodo(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stopdoing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力做)trydoing(试着去做)meantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意思是,意味着)考点4非谓语动词作表语1.不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。Tony’splanistofinishhisessaybytheendofthismonth.Myfavouritesportisplayingvolleyball.Thenewsisveryexciting.Myjacketiswornout.2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：Mymoneyisstolen.(主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)Mymoneywasstolenbyanunemployedguy.(被动语态表被动的动作)3.动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：Hisfavoritesportisplayingfootball.(主系表结构)Hisbehaviorispleasing.(主系表结构)Heisplayingfootball.(现在进行时)4.形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest,move,touch,worry,inspire,encourage,disappoint,please,satisfy,bore,tire,invite,puzzle,confuse,entertain,relax,amuse,amaze,surprise,astonish,shock,embarrass,terrify,frighten,scare,discourage,annoy,exhaust等。Thepicturesonthewallinterestme.Thepicturesonthewallareinteresting.Iaminterestedinthepicturesonthewall.考点5非谓语动词作状语形式类别例句不定式目的、原因、条件、结果Myparentswillbedelightedtoseeyou.(条件)Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.(目的)We’reproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.(原因)动词-ing形式时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况Beingateacher,youshouldhelpyourstudentsineveryway.(原因)Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,makinghiswifeveryangry.(结果)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.(条件)Workingsohard,hefailedagain.(让步)Theyeatusingthefingersoftheirrighthands.(方式)Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.(伴随)过去分词时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.(原因)Whenaskedherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeateacher.(时间)Somemedicines,ifwronglytaken,cankillaperson.(条件)Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.(让步)Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse.(方式)Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.(结果)考点6非谓语动词作定语1.单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。asleepingboy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)fallenleaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)thebrokenglass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)2.动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。Thepersonspeaking_nowisourmanager.(正在讲话)Thepersonto_speakisourmanager.(将要讲话)Theroomalready_repairedismyoffice.(已经维修)Theroombeing_repairedismyoffice.(正在维修)Theroomto_be_repairedismyoffice.(将要维修)注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucyisalwaysthefirsttocome.②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋todo中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：Ihavealotofworktodotoday.③Therebe句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：Thereismuchworktodo/tobedone.(将要做)Thereisawhitedogrunningontheplayground.(正在跑)Therewerepeoplekilledintheaccident.(已经丧生)④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如havetheability/theright/thechance/thecourage/notimetodo...考点7非谓语动词作补足语形式常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成Wedependonyoutohelpusoutoftrouble.Imadehimdohiswork.→Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyoffthetree.→Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyoffthetree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,lookat,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listento;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原动词-ing形式notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成IfoundherlisteningtotheradiowhenIpassedby.过去分词动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.二、模拟演练1.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。The9,000-plusvolunteersattheBeijing2022ParalympicWinterGameshaveplayed___51___vitalroleinensuringthatallaspectsoflifeforthesportsmen,bothonandoffthefieldofplay,havegone___52___(smooth).Tomeetthediverseneedsofthepara___53___(athlete)andallparticipants,thevolunteers___54___(go)throughastricttrainingprogram,whichincludedtrainingforbasicmedicalandfirst-aid,howtousewheelchairs,andthe___55___(guide)onwhentoprovideassistanceand___56___tocommunicatebest.LiuAn’anisoneofthevolunteerstohavealsoservedattheBeijing2008SummerGames.Backthen,Liuwasasophomorestudentatuniversity.Now,14yearslater,sheisstillatuniversitybutthistimesheacts___57___alecturer,leadingateamofherownstudentsasvolunteersatBeijing2022.Liuhasspentover150daystrainingand___58___(participate)intheseGames.Sheis___59___(responsibility)forthetrafficpermitsofallsortsoftransportationvehicles,andneedstocoordinatewithover100differentdepartments,includingvenuesmedia,transportationandsecurity.“Becomingavolunteer____60____hasservedbothattheBeijing2008SummerGamesandtheBeijing2022WinterGamesisagreathonorforme,andIfeelastrongsenseofprideandresponsibility,”saidLiu.2.（2022·山东·烟台二中模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Anelderlywomanwhofellintoan____11____(ice)riverwasrescuedthankstothebraveryofabike____12____(ride)whospottedhergounderthecoldwater.ShiLeiwascyclingonhiswaytowork____13____hespottedthe70-year-oldwomanfromabridge.Othereyewitnesses____14____(call)theemergencyservices,butMrShiimmediatelyjumped____15____hisbikeandracedtowardsthewater.MobilephonefootageshowsMrShi,54,tryingtirelessly____16____(drag)thewomantosafety.Hehadtobreaktheicewithhishandsandlater____17____(join)byanothermanwhomanagedtosecure____18____roperoundMrShi.Aftergettingthewomantosafety,MrShitookthewomanbacktoherhomewithherrelativesinthetownofBaoding,innorthernChina.HetoldtheSouthChinaMorningPost:“Itwasreally____19____(freeze)inthewater,butIdidn’thavetimetothinkaboutitatthetime.”Headdedthatafterthewoman_____20_____(safe)gothome,healsowenthome,tookashower,drankabowlofgingerwaterandcarriedonwithhiswork.3.（2022·湖北·恩施土家族苗族高中二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JiangHuandidn’tunderstandhisfather’sdecisiontodonatehisorgansuntil____21____organdonationcoordinator(协调员)toldhimthatthetransplantsurgerywassuccessfulandhadhelpedsavealife.Familiesoforgandonors,alongsidethereceiversandcoordinators,gatherattheChongqingOrganDonationMemorialParkeveryTombSweepingDayinmemoryofthedeadfortheir____22____(generous).“It’snothowmuchtimeyouhave____23____howyouuseitthatmatters,”saysacardfromadonor’sfamilypresentedatthememorialpark.In2010,China____24____(official)launchedanationalpilotprogramforhumanorgandonation,whichgaverise____25____alotofdonationcoordinatorsikeZhouLijuan.“Often,wearemisunderstood,rejected,andevenabusedbythefamilymembers.Butthescenesofpatientswaitingfororgantransplantopportunitiesalwayscometomymindfirst,”saysZhou.Sheaddsthattheeagernessintheeyesofthosepatients____26____(motivate)herovertheyearstostandupforherduty.Adecadeago,WanYing,apatient____27____visionwasdamagedduetoakindofeyeillness,receivedacorneal(角膜)transplantthankstoadeaddonor.“Iwasin____28____(urge)needofasuitablecornea,andmyfamilywasalmostdesperateatthattime,”Wansays.“Iwaslucky____29____(give)thepriorityinreceivingthetransplantasoneofmyfamilymemberswasa____30____(register)donorwhodonatedacorneain2005.”4.（2022·山东临沂·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。GhaliyaworksforanationalnewspaperinIndonesia.ShortlyafterthepandemichitJakarta,hernewspaperstartedhearingfromparents____31____wantedtheirchildrentostudyonlinebutlackedawaytousetheinternet.Whenthejournalistsannouncedtheircampaigntohelpthesechildrenthroughsocialmedia,the____32____（react）wasoverwhelming.Manypeopledonatedsecond-handphones,____33____othersgavecashdonations.InApril,thejournalists____34____（collect）morethan200mobilephonesanddonationsofmorethan$35,000.Theyusedthemoneytobuymorephones.Theyalsopaidforinternetuseforthoseneedingit.____35____（current）,nearly300phonehavebeengiventostudentsinandaroundJakarta.____36____（help）studentstakepartinonlineschoolingbringshappinesstoGhaliyaandherfriends.“Wereallyhopethemobilephonescan____37____（use）asmuchastheycanduringthepandemic,”shesaid.QayranRubyAlMaghribihadbeenusinghisfather’smobilephonetoattend5video____38____（call）aweek.Butthe11-year-oldboycouldn’tattendclassedandfeltgreatlypressuredwhenhisfatherwenttowork.Abigsmileappearedonhisfacewhenhereceivedthedonatedmobilephone.“NowIseehim____39____（comfortable）thanbefore,andhecandirectlyreachout____40____hisfriendsandteacher,”Sayutisaid.5.（2022·山东潍坊·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AlLarsonisknownas“TheBluebirdMan”.HefirstbeganhisconservationallaborofloveafterhereadanissueofNationalGeographicthatdetailedhowbuildingbirdhousescouldhelptostoptheirdecliningpopulations.___41___(see)abluebirdgoinginandoutofadeadtreeonhisproperty,Larsonbecameinspiredtostartsettinguplittleboxesthatcouldserveasnests___42___bluebirds.___43___startedasahobbytopursueinhisretirementturnedintoafull-timeeffortandafteralmostfourdecadesof___44___(devote),hehasbandedanddocumentedover30,000bluebirds,thanks___45___(primary)tothe350birdhousesthathehasbuiltacrosssouthwestIdaho.Sincebluebirdsliveondeadornearly-deadtrees,theirpopulationbegantodeclinewhentheinventionoftheelectricchainsaw(电锯)intheearly1900s___46___(make)iteasierforhomeownerstoremovethedeadtreesoftheirproperties,havingtheirhabitats___47___(destroy).ButtheeffortsofLarsonhaveshownusthatifwetakeamoment___48___(understand)theneedsofaspecies,thesolutionwillpresentitselfin___49___practicalandobtainableway.Nowthatheisnearingtheageof97,Larsonshowsnosignsofslowingdown.Anduptonowhisinspiringstory____50____(film)intotheEmmyaward-nominateddocumentary“BluebirdMan.”6.（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe____1____(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,____2____(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething____3____(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____4____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.

Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany____5____emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow____6____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso____7____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto____8____(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany____9____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____10_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.7.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Englishperfectlyshowsthe“networkeffects”ofaglobaltongue:themorepeopleuseit,themoreusefulitis.Parentsexpecttheirchildren1.(master)English,whichisencouragingthe2.(grow)ofprivateschooling.EducationauthoritiesareswitchingtoEnglishmedium,inparttocontroltheoutflow(外流)ofchildrenintotheprivatesector.TeachingchildreninEnglishisfineifthatis3.theyspeakathomeandtheirparentsarefluent4.it.Butthatisnot5.caseinmostpublicandlow-costprivateschools.Childrenaretaughtinalanguagetheydon’tunderstandbyteachers6.Englishispoor.ThechildrenlearnneitherEnglishnoranythingelse.Researchshowsthatchildrenlearn7.(much)whentheyaretaughtintheirmothertonguethantheydowhentheyaretaughtinanyotherlanguage.Inastudyofchildrenin12schoolsinCameroonlastmonth,thosetaughtinKom8.(do)betterthanthosetaughtinEnglishinallsubjects.Englishshouldbeanimportantsubjectatschool,butnot9.(necessary)thelanguageofinstruction.RatherthanswitchingtoEnglish-mediumteaching,governmentsfearfulof10.(lose)custom(光顾)totheprivatesectorshouldlookatthemanypossiblewaysofimprovingpublicschools.8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which11.(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople12.(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearlyeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow13.(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo14.(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe15.(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start16.singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,17.youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,18.canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill19.(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good20.(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.9.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HaveyouevermetanyoneofyouragefromAmerica?Doyouthinkyouwouldhavealot21.commonwiththemiddleschoolstudentsthere?Infact,therearelotsof22.(different).Forexample,classesinAmericanschoolsare23.(small)thanours.MostclassesinAmericahavenomorethan30students.MoststudentsintheUSdon’t