专题07 细节理解题 （讲义）（原卷版）

专题07细节理解题01专题网络·思维脑图02考情分析·解密高考03高频考点·以考定法考点细节理解题考点细节理解题【高考解密】命题点01直接信息题命题点02间接信息题命题点03数字计算题【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养·微专题微专题如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案05创新好题·分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问细节理解题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。学科素养：从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色。从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T28、T332023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T352022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、T32、T332022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T342021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T27、T28、T322022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34考点细节理解题命题点01直接信息题典例01【2023年全国乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania. B.TanYunxian.JamesBarry. D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.典例02（2023年新高考I卷A篇片段）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.典例03【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】AYellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.命题点02间接信息题典例01（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.典例02【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.命题点03数字计算题典例01【2023全国乙卷C篇片段】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.典例02【2018·全国Ⅰ卷C篇片段】Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.34．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400C．About2,400 D．About1,200.细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。考向01-直接信息题（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中学校考期中）Adolescence(青春期)isastressfultime.Fromfriendstofamilies,fromhometoschool,stressfulsituationsbecomecommon.Now,anewstudyshowsanunexpectedfactor(因素)mightcauseteenstorespondstronglytostress.JonasMiller,apsychologistatStanfordUniversity,wantedtoknowwhetherairpollutionmightaffectteens’responsetostress.histeamrecruited(招募)144tweensandteensforthestudy,mostofwhomlivedinornearSanFrancisco,whichranksamongthetenU.S.citieshavingtheworstairquality.Theresearchersuseddataonairpollutioncollectedbythecitytoseehowpollutedtheairwasneareachrecruit’shome.Theythencollectedphysical.andsocialinformationaboutthestudentsandinvitedthemtoparticipateinastressfuf.test.Beforethetest,theresearchersusedsensorstorecordparticipants’heartrateandsweatlevelsforfiveminutes-astheyrested.Thenthetestbegan.Aresearcherreadaloudthebeginningofastoryandtoldeachparticipanttomakeupanexcitingending,whichtheywouldhavetomemorizeandpresentaloudtoajudge.Afterfinishingthistask,thejudgehadtheparticipantdomathproblems.Iftheymadeamistake,theyhadtostartover.Thewholetime,sensorsrecordedheartrateandsweatlevels.Atrest,allthestudentshadsimilarheartratesandsweatlevels,Millerfound.Butasthetestgottough,kidsfromneighborhoodswithmoreairpollutionreactedmorestronglytostress.Theirheartbeatsbecameirregular.Theysweatedmorethanteenswholivedincleanerplaces.Millerlookedatotherpossiblecausesofthosestrongreactionsinthestudents.includingtheirheightandweight,stageofadolescence,familyincomeandneighborhood.Noneofthemexplainedthestrongerstressresponse.Suchresponsesarelinkedtonegativefeelings,Millernotes.Overtime,theseresponsescan“contributetoproblemswithbothphysicalandmentalhealth”.“Thisisaninterestingstudy,”saysAnjumHajat,anepidemiologistwhostudiesthecausesofdisease.Miller’sstudy“providesuniqueevidenceofthenegativehealthimpactsofairpollutionamongadolescents,”Hajatsays.2．Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhestressfultest?A．Retellanexcitingstory. B．Inventanendingtoastory.C．Makeupanamusingstory. D．Findthemistakesinastory.3．WhatdidMillertakeintoconsiderationwhenanalyzinghisresearchresults?A．Parents’income. B．Parents’education.C．Children’smentalhealth. D．Child-parentrelationship.考向02-间接信息题（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）AteamofresearchersattheChineseAcademyofSciences,hasdevelopedanartificialfingerthatwasabletoidentifycertainsurfacematerialswith90%accuracy.Intheirpaperthegroupdescribeshowtheyusedtriboelectric(摩擦电)sensorstogivetheirtestfingeranabilitytogainasenseoftouch.Previousresearchhasledtothedevelopmentofroboticfingersthathavetheabilitytorecognizecertainattributesofcertainsurfaces,suchaspressureortemperature.However,theteamhastakenonestepfurtherbyaddingtheabilitytoidentifyamaterialitself.Thefingerwascreatedbyapplyingsmallsquaresensorstothetipofafinger-shapedobject:Eachofthesquareswasmadeofadifferentkindofplasticpolymer(聚合物),eachchosenbecauseoftheiruniqueelectricalproperties.Whensuchsensorsaremovedclosetoanobject,electronsfromthesensorsinteractwithmaterialsinuniqueways.Thesensorsbeneaththepolymerwereallconnectedtotheirownprocessors(处理器)insideofthefinger,whichwerethenconnectedtogethertoallowforcomparisonofresults-andformachinelearning-baseddataanalysis.TheresearchersalsoattachedatinyLCDscreenfordisplayingresults.Theresearchersthentestedtheirfingerbyhavingittouchvariousflatsurfacessuchasthosemadeofglass,wood,plasticandsilicon.Theyfounditcapableofidentifyingtherightmaterial96.8%ofthetime,withaminimumaccuracyof90%forallofthesurfaces.Theresearchersalsotestedthefingerforenduranceandfoundthatitheldupwellenoughforindustrialapplications.Theresearchersthinkthattheirfingercouldbeconnecteddirectlytoacontrolmechanisminindustry.Theyalsonotethatsuchafingercouldalsobeusedonafull-sizedhumanrobot.Theypointoutthatthetechnologycouldlikelybeusedinprosthetic(假肢)devicestohelprestoreacertaindegreeoftouchforpeoplewhohavelostsuchanability.10．Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialfinger?A．Thesensorsinthefingercandotheanalysisthemselves.B．Theplasticpolymerchosenhasthe‘sameelectricalproperties.C．Theelectronscanreactwiththesurfacethatthefingertouches.D．Electronsfromitssensorscandifferentlyinteractwithmaterials.11．Howdidtheresearcherlearnabouttheresults?A．AnLCDscreenwillshowthemtheresults.B．Theartificialfingercandisplaytheresultsdirectly.C．Theycanworkouttheresultsusingspecialsoftware.D．Processorsinsidethefingerwillsendthemmessages.如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案1.定位词的选用(1)特殊定位词在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。[示例1]HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears，Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity，andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold，aprojectmanager.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.(2)普通定位词普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。[示例2]InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsforsons，Sam，14，Finn，13，andJack，11.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.2.挑选定位词的注意点(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。[示例1]CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.（2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?Ifyou’reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven’tpitched(搭建)atentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.CarcampingAtitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveintoyourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparksandprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeevenhotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Notalotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinder(阻碍)yourquestofcommuningwithnature.BackpackingNovehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernightspot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedareabackpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejustaboutanywhereontheplanet.BoatCampingWhilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachtheovernightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureasbackpacking.Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongaquietshoreline.Butmanyadventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthreeweeks.Withaboat,youcansometimescampplacesthatnotevenbackpackerscanreach.1．Whoaretheintendedreaders?A．Red-bloodedmales. B．White-collarstaff.C．Green-handcampers. D．Blue-bloodedtourists.2．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Boatcampingoffersthesameadventuresasbackpacking.B．Backpackingallowsyoutocommunicatewithnaturedeeply.C．Carcampingisthemosteconomicalwaytoexperiencenature.D．Thedrive-upcampgroundsprovidepeoplewithprivateenvironment.3．Inwhichcolumnwillyoufindthispassage?A．Business. B．Entertainment. C．Style. D．Travel.（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In2022,campaigngroupFashionRevolutionChelseadyegardenforitsChelseaFlowerShowpresentation.Anancientcraft,naturaldyeingisapracticewhosetimehascomeagain,withhandtie-dyedfashionalsomakingacomebackinrecentyears.

TherevivalhasbeenencouragedbyCovidlockdowns,“whichallowedpeopletoexplorethecraftathome,”saysnatural-dyeingenthusiastandteacherSusanDye.It’sunlikely,though,thatthepracticewouldhavecaughtoninquitethesamewayifnotforacontinuallygrowingdiscomfortaboutfashion’sheavyfootprint.Fromcarbonemissionstoanimalcruelty,fashionisunderconsiderableinspection.“Putitthisway,97%ofdyesusedintheindustryarepetrochemically(石油化学产品)based,”sayssustainablefashionconsultantJackieAndrews,whohelpedadvisetheUNEthicalFashionInitiative.“We’vegotnetzerotargetswhichmeanwe’regoingtohavetoremoveallthosepetrochemicalsfromthemanufacturingcycle.”Fashionisahugepolluter.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,theindustryisresponsibleforuptoone-fifthofallindustrialwaterpollution—duetothefactthatmostclothestodayareproducedinpoorercountrieswhereregulationisweakandenforcementweakerstill.Wastewaterisdumpeddirectlyintoriversandstreams,poisoningthelandaswellasthewatersourcesofpeopleandanimalswhorelyonthem.

It’seasytoseewhysomeonewhocaresaboutpeople,planetandanimals,aswellasclothes,mightturntonaturalplantdyeing.Fromthebeautyoftherawmaterials-oftenwildplants-tothepropertyofonlybondingwithnaturalfiberlikecottonandlinen,fromtheminorfootprintofupclyclingoldclothingthathasgrayedorfadedovertimetothevibrantandlong-lastingdyeingresults,plantdyeingfeelslikeaquietactofrebellion.Thisiswhy,whilebeginnersstartwithsimplychangingtheirclothes’color,newworldsopen.Manyoftoday’snaturaldyersgrowtheirowndyeplants,runlocalcommunityworkshops,andadvocateforchangeinindustrializedfashionsystemsandbeyond.4．Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingdiscomfortmentionedinparagraph2?A．Theadoptionofpetrochemical-baseddyes.B．Thechallengingnetzerotargetstobeachieved.C．Thefashionindustry’sfocusonluxuriousdesigns.D．Thedisturbingconsequencesofthefashionindustry.5．Theauthorillustrates“Fashionisahugepolluter”by______.A．makingacomparison B．givingexamplesC．listingnumbers D．introducinganewtopic6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“aquietactofrebellion”inparagraph4referto?A．Aprotestagainstturningtonaturalfiber.B．Anobjectiontoupcyclingoldclothing.C．Astruggleforasustainablefashionindustry.D．Aresistancetovibrantcolorsinnaturaldyeing.7．Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheEnvironmentalImpactofNaturalDyeingB．FashionRevolution’sDyeGardenPresentationC．TheReturnofNaturalDyeingwithEthicalAppealD．ThePetrochemicalDyeIndustryandItsChallenges（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）Iwasdrivingwhenmyphonealertedmetoanewemail.Filledwitheageranticipation,Ipulledover,turnedonmyhazardlights,andopenedit.MyemotionsquicklychangedasIlearned,forthesixthandfinaltime,thatIhadbeendeniedapromotiontofullprofessor.Myinstitutiondidn’tseemtovaluewhatIbroughttothetable.ButwhenItoldmyfamilythatnight,mychildrenofferedasurprisinglypositiveresponse.TheywereexcitedtoseewhatIwasgoingtodonext,theysaid.TheyapparentlyknewlongbeforeIdidthatlosingmybidforapromotionwouldturnouttobethebestthingthatcouldhavehappenedforme.Thishadbeenthefinalstepinalongprocessspanning15monthsandinvolvingsomucheffort.Ihadstartedbystudyingsuccessfulpromotionbidsandaskingseniorscholarsforfrankdiscussionsaboutmyreadiness.Ihadcarefullypreparedmyapplicationpacket,summarizingeverythingIhadachievedinmycareer.Formorethanayear,Ihadspenthourseverydaytryingtoprovemyworthtomyuniversity.Tomysurprise,havingafinalanswerbroughtawelcomesenseofclosure.Asafirststeptowardhealing,Idecidedtoprioritizemyownvaluesandfollowmyowninternalcompass.Idisconnectedfrompeopleinmylifewhoviolatedmyvalues,cultivatedmyrelationshipswiththosewhosharemyprioritiesandbringoutthebestinme,andspentmoretimewithmyfamily.Ifoundedanonprofitthathelpsfirst-generationandlow-incomestudentsandyoungprofessionalsadvanceintheworkforcewhileservingtheircommunity.Theinitiativehadlongbeenadreamofmine,butIneverpursueditbecausetypicalacademichiringandpromotiondon’trewardsuchefforts.Now,suchconsiderationswerenolongermyNorthStar.Fivemonthsafterthatemailfromtopleadership,Ifoundmyselfinthecaragain,experiencinganothercareer-definingmoment.Imayhavelostmybidforabigpromotion,butintheend,itbroughtmetotherightplace.8．Whatdidtheauthorfeelafterhereadtheemail?A．Anxiousandannoyed. B．Embarrassedandashamed.C．Relievedandpeaceful. D．Disappointedandsorrowful.9．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whatcontributionsthewriterhadmade. B．Whatpreparationsthewriterhadmade.C．Howsuccessfulthecareerhadbeen. D．Howtiringtheprocesshadbeen.10．Whichofthefollowingwouldthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Successismorethanatitleorarank.B．One’sinternalcompassistobedeveloped.C．Servingthecommunitymayhealabrokenheart.D．One’srealvaluefirstliesinhisfamilyinteraction.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Emails:myNorthStarB．Fullprofessor:adouble-edgedswordC．AcareersetbackbecomesagreatopportunityD．Anacademiccareerwitnessesafailedpromotion（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）Mysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain(yetagain),andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.Butotherparentschallengemyperspective.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmewithprofoundsadnessthattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedina2021surveyconductedbythenon-profitresearchorganizationCommonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimself—andemergestronger—withoutaskingformeatthepushofabutton.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextracurricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Heswears(发誓)he’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.12．Whatistheauthor’sprimaryconcernregardinggivinghersonasmartphone?A．Herson’ssociallife. B．Herson’swell-being.C．Herson’stimemanagement. D．Herson’sacademicperformance.13．Whatisthemainpointtheauthorintendstoexpressinparagraph5?A．Herdoubtsaboutthereliabilityofateenagesurvey.B．Theriseofsmartphoneaddictionamongteenagers.C．Thepotentialnegativeeffectsofexcessivephoneusage.D．Thefactorscontributingtoteenagesmartphoneaddiction.14．Whatqualitydoesthetextsuggesttheauthorwantshersontodevelopinhischildhood?A．Teamspirit B．LeadershipC．Self-reliance D．Criticalthinking15．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sson?A．Heisstrugglingacademically.B．Henolongerdesiresasmartphone.C．Heis