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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题19名词六大类十五个高频考点(讲案)解析版(快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填)目录一、名词用法快问快答P1二、名词用法思维导图P2三、五年高考名词考点细目表P2考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法P3考点清单二、不可数名词的用法P4考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法P5考点清单四、名词所有格的用法P6考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀P7考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能P9分类训练(一)单句填空(高考真题)P11【2024题组】P11【2023题组】P12【2022题组】P13【2021题组】P14分类训练(二)单句改错(高考真题)P14分类训练(三)名词单数变复数十六组P15分类训练(四)动词或形容词变名词100例P16分类训练(五)语法填空(外刊原创)P18“city不city”网络热梗的流行折射中国旅游蓬勃生机P18一、名词用法快问快答Q1:名词用法有哪些注意事项?A1:名词是英语最基本的词性。首先需要掌握名词的分类和用法,其次是名词的单复数变化,然后是名词的词形转换,最后是名词的用法。Q2:使用名词需要注意什么?A2:首先需要注意名词是可数名词还是不可数名词,其次该名词该用单数形式还是复数形式,甚至还应考虑名词前边冠词的变化。Q3:如何才能学好名词?A3:一要掌握名词的知识网络,二要了解名词的用法,三要学以致用。Q4:学好名词有什么意义?A4:一能提高语言的准确性,二能在日常英语中尤其是应用文写作和读后续写中尝试使用高级词汇进一步提升句子表达力。二、名词用法思维导图三、五年高考名词考点细目表卷别词类转换单数变复数名词所有格2024新高考I卷engineering,richnessfavourites2024新高考II卷visibilitythemes2024全国甲卷completiontreasures2023新高考II卷arrivalinterviews2023全国甲卷warning2023全国乙卷wonders2022新高考I卷populations2022新高考II卷son's2022全国甲卷protection2022全国乙卷responsibility2021新高考1卷humans2021新高考II卷representative2021全国甲卷watchtowers2021全国乙卷developmentActivities2020全国I卷interest2020全国II卷celebration2020全国III卷curiosity2020新高考卷accuracy2019全国I卷belief2019全国III卷competition考点清单一、名词单数变复数的用法要点精讲:可数名词单数变复数的场合场合用法示例一般情况下在词尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glasses,box→boxes,church→churches,brush→brushes以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词直接加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以元音字母+-o结尾的名词直接加-szoo→zoos,zero→zeros以元音字母+-o结尾的名词特殊直接加-sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以-f,-fe结尾的名词变f或fe为-veswife→wilves,wolf→wolves以-f,-fe结尾的名词直接加-sgulf→gulfs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs,safe→safes单复数同形的名词单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species特殊记忆的名词单独记忆man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名词的复数主体名词变复数passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on合成名词的复数无名词最后加-sgrown-up→grown-ups,go-between→go-betweens【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).3.(2023新高考II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.4.(2023北京卷)Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect(city)fromcoastalwinds.5.(2021新高考1卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_______(human)are.【答案】1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth3.interviews。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。4.cities。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。5.human。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作we的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。考点清单二、不可数名词的用法要点精讲:不可数名词用法用法示例1.不可数名词没有复数形式。2.前边也不能有不定冠词a或an。1.常见不可数名词有fun趣味,furniture家具,luggage行李,information信息,progress进步,advice建议,air空气,knowledge知识,news消息,equipment设备,work工作,homework作业,housework家务。2.这些名词取首字母可以妙记为flipaknew(飞来品,牛)。【即时训练】单句改错1.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.2.(2016全国II卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.3.(2016四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.4.(2015全国I卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.(2011全国I卷)Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.【答案】1.informations改为information。2.knowledges改为knowledge。3.houseworks改为housework。4.airs改为air。5.luggages改为luggage。考点清单三、抽象名词具体化用法①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美;美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。②物质名词具体化drink饮料→twodrinks两杯饮料coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡chalk粉笔→achalk一支粉笔hair头发→ahair一根头发③抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the;a2.the,the3.a;the4.the;a5.a,a考点清单四、名词所有格的用法要点精讲:名词所有格:表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。①表示两者各自所有关系时,分别在每个名词的词尾加’s;表示两者共有,在最后名词词尾加’s。如:mysister'stelephone姐姐的电话Jones’room琼斯的房间Nurses’Day护士节Women’sday妇女节。②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如:atthebarber's在理发店atmyuncle's在我叔家HaveyouevermetTom'sandJim'sfathersbefore?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲③若一样东西为两人所有,只在后一个名词后加’s。ThisisTomandJim'sfather汤姆和吉姆的父亲。2.of所有格无生命的名词常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用of所有格。thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户3.双重所有格指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)afriendofmine(我的一个朋友)名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John'shome约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students'textbooks学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子们的游戏。表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的标题;thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字。双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修饰,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的这只小猫。【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.(2022新高考II卷)Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.(2022浙江1月卷)Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

Who

did

you

spend

last

weekend

with?---

The

____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.【答案】1.son’s2.person’s3.Palmers4.girls’,Tom’s5.owners’考点清单五、动词/形容词变为名词后缀要点精讲1:动词转化为名词的后缀后缀示例-ion/-tion/-sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝conclude→conclusion结论;结束discuss→discussion讨论;论述decide→decision决定admit→admission承认;准许加入permit→permission允许,许可invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望-er/-orsail→sailor海员,水手drive→driver司机;驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者,采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥;售票员-mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辩论;论据treat→treatment对待;治疗equip→equipment装备;设备govern→government政府astonish→astonishment惊奇-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现;外貌guide→guidance指引;指导perform→performance表演;表现exist→existence存在;生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考,查阅-ure/-turefail→failure失败;倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开;出发mix→mixture混合(物)-inghear→hearing听力,听觉begin→beginning开始build→building建筑warn→warning警告-yrecover→recovery恢复discover→discovery发现要点精讲2:形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比-cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私-domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智;智慧-encedifferent→difference差异evident→evidence证据-nessweak→weakness虚弱;弱点thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈,友好careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength力气;优势warm→warmth温暖;热情-y/-tysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷;伤残responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.(2023新高考II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe36(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.(2023全国甲卷)Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty69(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.(2022全国甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.(2022全国乙卷)“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.(2021新高考II卷)Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.【答案】1.arrival。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。2.warning。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填tection。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。4.responsibility。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。5.representative。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。考点清单六、名词分类及句法功能要点精讲1:名词分类要点精讲2:名词句法功能1.作主语Theyoungwomanplayedanimportantpartinthematter.那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。HisgrandpajoinedtheRedArmyattheageoffifteen.他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。2.作宾语(1)作及物动词的直接宾语Imetyourelderbrotherinthestreet。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。HaveyoufinishedthelettertoJane?你写完给珍的信了吗?(2)作及物动词的间接宾语。Itoldmystudentsafunnystory.我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。Sheaskedthedoctoranotherquestion.她问了医生另一个问题。(3)作介词的宾语。After20years’traveling,hesettleddowninLiangxiang.二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。Doyoustillaskyourparentsformoney?你还向爸妈要钱吗?3.作表语It’sagoodideatoplanttreeshere.在这里栽些树是个好主意。Sheisnowaprofessorwhileherhusbandremainsaworker.也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。4.作宾语的补足语TheyelectedTomheadoftheworkshop.他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词)TheoldmancalledmyuncleXiaoLi.老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定语(1)直接作定语,通常用单数形式。collegestudents大学生girlfriend女友vegetablegarden菜园basketballmatch篮球赛Let’sstopbythebookstoreonthewayhome.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧!Heboughttheshoesinthatshoeshop.这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。(2)名词所有格作定语。students’books学生用书China’scapital中国的首都theworld’spopulation世界人口(3)man,woman,gentleman作定语man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。Hesaidthattwowomendoctorswouldcometoourvillagethenextday.他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。Therearemanymenteachersinourschool.我们学校有很多男教师。(4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。armsproduction武器生产clothesshop服装商店salesdepartment营业部agoodstrain货车savingsbank储蓄所foreignlanguagesdepartment外语系(5)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。LearningSkillscenter学习技巧交流中心TheBoysClub男孩俱乐部(6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。apeasantfamily/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语)aworker’sfamily(worker习惯用所有格作定语)(7)两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。womendrivers女司机thewoman’sdriver这位妇女的司机girlfriend女朋友thegirl’sfriend这女孩的朋友mothertongue母语mother’stongue母亲的舌头(8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性goldwatch金表(指手表是含金的)goldenwatch金色的表(指表是金色的,但不一定含金)6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。Thesoldierswalked50kilometersatanight.战士们一夜行军五十公里Yoursuitcaseweighs10kilograms.你的手提箱重10千克。【即时训练】请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2.Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.【答案】1.inconvenience。考查名词。句意:“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息,这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。”此处表示“不便”,需用inconvenience作宾语。故填plaint。所给词complain是动词,设空前有不定冠词a修饰,应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语,makeacomplaintabout"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。3.recovery。考查名词,句意:那位上周出了车祸的老人在医院手术后完全康复了。作宾语应用名词recovery,不定冠词提示用单数,故填recovery。4.relief。考查名词。句意:即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解疼痛和紧张。根据句意及英文提示可知,所填空应用名词作宾语,"relieve",动词,意为"减轻;缓和",其名词形式为"relief",不可数,故填relief。5.description。考查名词。句意:她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样,因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知,空处填名词,“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。分类训练(一)单句填空(高考真题)【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2024题组】1.(2024新课标I卷)Thelatest56(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.1.engineering。解析:考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineeringtechniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。2.(2024新课标I卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern62(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.2.favorites。解析:考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。3.(2024新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe65(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.3.richness。解析:考查名词。句意:MarkWoodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列,应用名词形式richness,作介词of的宾语。故填richness。4.(2024浙江1月卷)Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.4.criticism。解析:考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“thattheyleadtowaste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。5.(2024新课标II卷)Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon___57___(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.5.themes。解析:考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管PaulEdmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“therebe”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。6.(2024新课标II卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___62___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.6.visibility。解析:考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。7.(2024全国甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatchourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare62(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).7.treasures。解析:考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文theyare,应用复数形式,故填treasures。8.(2024全国甲卷)Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe68(complete)oftheirjourney.8.completion。解析:考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。9.(2023新课标II卷)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe__________(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.9.arrival。解析:考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。【2023题组】10.(2023全国甲卷)Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty__________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.10.warning。解析:考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。11.(2023新课标II卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.11.interviews。解析:考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。12.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.12.wonders。解析:考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。13.(2023浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric(event).13.events。解析:考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。【2022题组】14.(2022全国甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).14.protection。解析:考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。15.(2022浙江1月卷)Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe___________(invite).15.invitation。解析:考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。16.(2022全国乙卷)“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa__________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.16.responsibility。解析:考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。17.(2022新课标I卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,17.populations。解析:考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population(种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。【2021题组】18.(2021新课标II卷)Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.18.representative。解析:考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。19.(2021新课标I卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.19.humans。解析:考查名词。句意为:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.20.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople20.watchtowers。解析:考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。21.(2021全国乙卷)___________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)21.Activities。解析:考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。22.(2021北京卷)Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse_____________(idea).22.ideas。解析:考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。分类训练(二)单句改错(高考真题)【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误,请指出并纠正。1.(2023全国甲卷)Thebees,butterflyandmanyotherinsectslookedlovelyandbeautifulonthestamps.2.(2022全国乙卷)Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.3.(2021全国甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.4.(2021全国乙卷)Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.5.(2020全国I卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.

6.(2020全国II卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.7.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.8.(2019全国Ⅲ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.9.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.10.(2018全国II卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.【分类训练二答案】1.butterfly改为butterflies2.bicycle改为bicycles3.friend改为friends4.dish改为dishes5.chopstick改为chopsticks6.vacations改为vacations7.job改为jobs8.city改为cities9.chicken改为chickens10.Friday’s改为Friday’s分类训练(三)名词单数变复数十六组给出下列各组单词的复数形式:1.glass bus box church brush2.breath path ox mouth stomach3.family factory city country baby4.valley chimney monkey holiday boy5.potato tomato hero Negro volcano6.kilo piano photo radio kangaroo7.knife leaf wolf life thief8.gulf roof belief proof chef9.tooth goose mouse10.child man woman policeman Frenchman11.Roman German human12.phenomenon quiz crisis analysis emphasis13.grown-up passer-by looker-on stand-by editor-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyfriend girlstudent manteacher womanscientist【即时训练三】答案1.glasses buses boxes churches brushes2.breaths paths oxen mouths stomachs3.families factories cities countries babies4.valleys chimneys monkeys holidays boys5.potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes volcanoes6.kilos pianos photos radios kangaroos7.knives leaves wolves lives thieves8.gulfs roofs beliefs proofs chefs9.teeth geese mice10.children men women policemen Frenchmen11.Romans Germans humans12.phenomena quizzes crises analyses emphases13.grown-ups passers-bylookers-on stand-bys editors-in-chief 14.deer sheep series fish species15.works means aircraft Chinese Japanese16.boyclassmatesgirlstudents menteachers womenscientists分类训练(四)动词或形容词变名词100例给出下列单词的名词形式,若有两个名词,先人后物:1.accept2.accommodate3.accurate4.acquaint5.admit6.abundant7.anxious8.appear9.approve10.allow11.argue 12.arrive 13.assist14.appoint15.aware16.beautiful17.bore18.pare20.plain22.consume23.conclude24.consequent25.curious26.decide27.deep28.depart29.depend30.describe31.destroy32.disturb33.diverse34.emergent35.enter36.enthusiastic37.equal38.except39.expect40.exist41.expand42.explain43.explore44.friendly45.fluent46.fly47.found48.frequent49.generous50.grow 51.honest52.ignore53.improve54.injure55.roduce57.invite58.just59.laugh60.long61.lose62.major63.mix64.modest65.necessary66.occupy67.operate 68.participate69.permit70.physics 71.piano72.poor73.possible74.prefer75.prepare 76.nounce 79.publish80.qualify81.real82.recognize83.recover84.refuse85.relax86.relieve87.resist88.respond89.responsible90.secure91.significant92.similar93.starve94.strong95.survive96.true 97.vary98.warm99.wise 100.young【分层训练四答案】1.acceptance2.accommodation3.accuracy4.acquaintance5.admission6.abundance7.anxiety8.appearance9.approval10.allowance11.argument12.arrival13.assistant,assistance14.appointment15.awareness16.beauty17.boredom18.choice19.comparison20.competitor,competition21.complaint22.consumer,consumption23.conclusion24.consequence25.curiosity26.decision27.depth28.departure29.dependence30.description31.destruction32.disturbance33.diversity34.emergency35.entrance,entry36.enthusiasm37.equalilty38.exception39.expectation40.existence41.expansion42.explanation43.explorer,exploration44.friendliness45.fluency46.flight47.founder,foundation48.frequency49.generosity50.growth51.honesty52.ignorance53

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