山东省齐鲁名师联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

齐鲁名师联盟2025届高三年级第一次诊断考试英语满分150分考试用时120分钟注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydidthewomanstopplayingthepiano?A.Shedidn’treallyenjoyit.B.Shewasn’tverygoodatit.C.Shedidn’thaveenoughtime.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ijustlovethepiano.There’sanendlessvarietyofmusicthatcanbeplayedonit.W:Ireallyenjoyittoo.Iusedtobereallygoodatpianoactually.ButIstoppedplayinginhighschoolbecauseIwassobusy.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisfull. B.Shewantssomecake. C.Shedoesn’tlikethemeal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:CanIofferyouanotherpieceofcake?W:Thankyou.IfIhadit,Iwouldburst.It’sniceofyoutopreparethismealforme.M:Great.Aslongasyouenjoyedit.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:So,tellmesir,whendidyoufirstnoticetheproblemwithyourleg?Iwillexamineitlater.M:Iwasatarestaurantwithmywifeandfriendsaboutthreeweeksago.Isuddenlyfeltasharppain.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whattimeisit?A.9:30a.m. B.10:00a.m. C.10:30a.m.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:George,wherehaveyoubeen?Yousaidnineo’clock.I’vebeenwaitinghereforanhourandahalfsincethen.M:I’mreallysorry,Jenny.Isetoffateightthismorning,andwouldyoubelieveI’vebeenstuckintraffic?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthewomanprobablygototheairport?A.Bytaxi. B.Bytrain. C.Bybus.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doyouknowifthelastbushasgone?M:I’mafraiditleftacoupleofminutesago.W:Ohno!DoyouknowwhereIcangetataxitotheairport?M:YoucangototheRedStarSquareneartherailwaystation.Thereareusuallyafewtaxisthere.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whenwasthemancalled?A.Today. B.Yesterday. C.Twodaysago.7.Whatiswrongwiththeman’smother?A.Sheisill. B.Sheisdead. C.Sheisinjured.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:IcameassoonasIcould.W:DidCarolinecallyoujustnow?M:No,itwaslastnight,butIdidn’thavethecar.I’msorryIwasn’theretohelp.W:It’sOK.Youmissedthedrama,butshe’sOKnow.She’sjustalittleshaky.M:PoorMom.Ithoughtshewouldbedead,thewayCarolineexplainedittome.W:Oh,no,she’stough.Shedidn’tevenbreakanybones.Justafewmarks.M:Wheredidshefall?W:Thecarpetonthestairswaslooseandshewentheadfirst.M:Wow.Shehadaluckyescape.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatisthemanmainlyconcernedabout?A.Thegreenspace.B.Thenumberofhomes.C.Thesuburbdevelopment.9.Whatdoesthewomansaytheareawaslike?A.Itwasdirty. B.Itwascrowded. C.Itwasdangerous.【答案】8.A9.A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofthedevelopment?M:You’recreatingawholenewcommunity.W:Wecertainlyare—400homes,40shopsandtwoschools.M:Don’tyouworrythatyou’retakingmoregreenspaceawayfromthecity?W:Look,Mr.Sharples,youmustunderstandthatthiscityneedsmoreaffordablehousing.M:Butsurelywehavetoconsidertheenvironmentaswell.Willyoubelivinghereorwillyoubeinasuburbwhereyoucanseetreeseverywhere?W:I’dgladlyliveinoneofthesehomes.Infact,I’llletyouintoasecret.Igrewupinthisarea.M:Really?Ididn’tknowthat.W:Ohyes,anditwasn’ttheperfectplaceyouimagine.Itwassafeandnotsocrowded,buttherewasrubbishanddirteverywhere.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakerswatching?A.Amovie. B.Astageperformance. C.ATVshow.11.Whatistheman’sjob?A.Acook. B.Asalesman. C.Amusician.12.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Informtheman. B.Encouragetheman. C.Consulttheman.【答案】10.B11.C12.B【解析】【原文】W:What’sthematter?M:That’sit.Igiveup.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Thisguyisamazing.I’veneverseenanybodyplaytheguitaronstagelikethatinperson.Imightaswellstoptrying.W:Butyou’regoodaswell.M:I’mnotinthesameleagueashim.It’stimethatIchangedmyprofessionandstartedsellinginsuranceorcookingpeople’sdinners.W:Don’tbesilly.Justusehimasinspiration.Bethebestyoucanbe.LotsofpeoplelikeyourmusicandIdo.M:Thankyouforyourfaith.W:Remember,themanwhowe'rewatchingoncecouldn’tplaytheguitaratall.Hehadtolearnandpracticetogettothislevel.M:Ibethepracticedeverydayofhislife.W:Haveconfidenceinyourability,andenjoytheshow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whyhasthepicnicbeencancelled?A.Ithasbeenraining.B.Themanhasanotherplan.C.Thewomandislikespicnics.14.Whatdidthemandojustnow?A.Hewatchedagame. B.Heplayedsoccer. C.Hedidanexperiment.15.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelabouttheexhibition?A.Uninterested. B.Disappointed. C.Excited.16.Whichofthefollowingareshownintheexhibition?A.Jewelries. B.Oilpaintings. C.Sculptures.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Ihatetotellyouthis,butthepicnichasbeencancelled.W:Becauseoftherain?M:Yes.W:Didyoustillplayyoursoccergame?M:Ohsure,wefinishedittenminutesago.Itwashardplayinginthemud.Everyonewasslippingandfalling.W:You’recrazy.Um,mylabexperimenthasalsobeencancelled,soIdon’thavemuchtodotonight.M:Youknow,myroommateisanartmajor.He’salwaystellingmeabouttheMinneapolisInstituteofArt.It’snotfarfromhere,andit’sfree.IheartheyevenhaveanumberofthingsfromChina.W:Really?Ican’tbelieveit!M:It’sevenmorethanthat.There’sevenaseparatehallforChinesecollections.W:IwonderwhatkindsofChinesecollectionsareshownthere.M:MyroommatesaystherearemanyinterestingthingslikeChinesewaterpaintings,handcrafts,jewelries,andotherfascinatingstuff.Wecangothereandlookaroundforawhile,andyoucantellmeallaboutthem.W:That’sgreat!Let’sgo.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Alectureonsuccess.B.Agraduationceremony.C.Aschoolawardceremony.18.Whatkindofschoolisit?A.Agirls’school. B.Aboys’school. C.Amixedschool.19.Whoisquotedinthetalk?A.Asportsman. B.Ateacher. C.Asinger.20.Whatdoesthespeakersayisthemostimportant?A.Confidence. B.Success. C.Trying.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Goodevening,gentlemenandboys!Thankyouforbeingherethisevening.We’reheretocongratulatethetopachieversofthisyear.Theboysherehaveworkedhardinordertobeapartofthisceremony.Recognitionofachievementcanmakeuspushourselvesandreachourfullpotential.TheprizewinnersareatruerepresentationofeverythingthatwevaluehereatHamptonSchool.Ihaveeveryconfidencethatyouyoungmenwillbepreciselythekindofyoungpeoplewhowillmakeapositivedifferencetothecountryandtheworld.Yoursuccesswillbebuiltonbeingtruetoyourself.Youshouldrecognizeyourproblemsanddoubtsaswellasyourpositivequalities.IrememberlisteningtoaninterviewwithAndyMurray,oneofthetoptennisplayersintheworld.Afterhewasdefeatedinthefirstroundofatournamentbyamuchlowerrankedplayer,themediawentcrazy.However,Murraywasstraightforwardandwise.“Nobodydiedhere,”hesaid,“Ionlylostatennismatch,nothingmore.”Weareproudofourprizewinnerstoday.Theyshouldbeproudofthemselves.Butlet’sbeclear,ifyoulinkmotivationtowinningprizesinlife,yousetyourselfupfordisappointment.Thegreatestprizeofallisthatyoucanlookyourselfintheeyeandsay,“Itriedmyabsolutebest.”第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBestCavesinTheWorldHangSonDoong,VietnamNaturalcavesdon’tcomemuchlargerthanHangSonDoong,closetotheborderbetweenLaosandVietnam.Thiscavepossessesthelargestcross-sectionofanyknowncaveontheplanet,avastareathatisdifficulttodescribe.Supposedly,aBoeing747couldflythroughwithoutdamagingitswings,butthatdoesn’treallydojusticetothevastnessofHangSonDoong.Thestalactites(钟乳石)hereareprettymassivetoo,withsomereachingupto80metres.WaitomoCaves,NewZealandGlowworms(萤火虫)arethere,asfarastheeyecansee.Okay,notliterally,buttheWaitomoCavesystemonNewZealand’sNorthIslandisbest-knownforthefluorescentfaunathatlightupthewalls,givingitthenot-particularly-creativebutcompletelyacceptable“GlowwormCaves”nickname.Theyaremoreaccessiblethanothercavesonthislist,withraftingandadventuretoursavailabletothoselookingforsomethingalittlemorethrilling.MammothCave,theUSAIfyouhavecertainexpectationsfromsomewherecalled“MammothCave”,thatisentirelyunderstandable.MammothCaveinKentuckyistheworld’slongestknowncavesystem,anincredible420milesofundergroundwonder.That’stwiceaslongasthenextlongest,bytheway,althoughitisn’tunusualfortheUSAtogoalloutonsuchthings.ReedFlute(芦笛)Cave,ChinaNamedafterthereedsthatgrowoutside,whichareusedtomakeflutes,obviously,theReedFluteCave’swallsarecoveredwithinscriptionsfromcenturiesgoneby—ifevidencewasneededthatpeoplehavebeenpayingattentiontothisplaceforalongoldtime.Theinsidepartofthecaveisalsolitupbymulticolouredlights,givingitarealotherworldlythemethataddsweighttothenickname.21.WhatisspecialaboutHangSonDoong?A.Itwasonceabaseofafactory.B.Itisthedeepestcaveintheworld.C.Ithasthehigheststalactitesintheworld.D.Itownsthelargestcross-sectionintheworld.22.Whichofthefollowingcanbemucheasiertoenter?A.HangSonDoong. B.WaitomoCaves.C.MammothCave. D.ReedFluteCave.23.Whichcountryprobablyhasthelongestcavesystemintheworld?A.Vietnam. B.NewZealand. C.TheUSA. D.China.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上的几个洞穴：越南的韩松洞，新西兰的怀托摩洞穴，美国的猛犸洞，中国的芦笛洞。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“HangSonDoong,Vietnam”部分内容“Thiscavepossessesthelargestcross-sectionofanyknowncaveontheplanet,avastareathatisdifficulttodescribe.(这个洞穴拥有地球上所有已知洞穴中最大的横截面，面积之大难以形容)”可知，韩松洞的特别之处在于其拥有世界上最大的横截面。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“WaitomoCaves,NewZealand”部分内容“Theyaremoreaccessiblethanothercavesonthislist,withraftingandadventuretoursavailabletothoselookingforsomethingalittlemorethrilling.(它们比这个名单上的其他洞穴更容易进入，对于那些寻找更刺激的东西的人来说，可以进行漂流和冒险之旅)”可知，新西兰的怀托摩洞穴在所列举的洞穴中是更容易进入的。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“MammothCave,theUSA”部分内容“MammothCaveinKentuckyistheworld’slongestknowncavesystem,anincredible420milesofundergroundwonder.(肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴是世界上已知最长的洞穴系统，一个令人难以置信的420英里的地下奇迹)”可知，美国肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴有世界上最长的洞穴系统。故选C项。BRaisedinafatherlesshome,myfatherwasextremelytightfistedtowardsuschildren.Hisattitudedidn’tsoftenasIgrewintoadulthoodanddriftedawaytocollege.IhadtoridethebuswheneverIcamehome.Thoughthebusstoppedabouttwomilesfromhome,Dadnevermetme,evenincoldweather.IfIgrumbled(嘟囔),he’dsayinhisloudestfathervoice,“That’swhatyourlegsarefor!”Thewalkdidn’tbothermeasmuchasthefearofwalkingalonealongthehighwayandcountryroads.Ialsofeltlessthanvaluedthatmyfatherdidn’tseemconcernedaboutmysafety.Thatfeelingwascanceledonespringevening.Ithadbeenaparticularlydifficultweekatcollegeafterlonghoursinlabs.Ilongedforhome.Whenthebusreachedastop,Isteppedoffanddraggedmysuitcasetobeginthelongjourneyhome.Arowofhedge(篱笆)edgedthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.OnceIhadturnedoffthehighwaytostartthelastlapofmyjourney,IwasalwaysrelievedtoseethehedgebecauseitmeantthatIwasalmosthome.Onthatparticularevening,thehedgehadjustcomeintoviewwhenIsawsomethinggraymovingalongthetopofthehedge,movingtowardthehouse.Uponcloserobservation,Irealizeditwasthetopofmyfather’shead.ThenIknew,eachtimeI’dcomehome,hehadstoodbehindthehedge,watching,untilheknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iswallowedhardagainstthethreateningtears.Hedidcare,afterall.Onlatervisits,thatspotofgraybecamemywatchtower.IcouldhardlywaituntilIwascloseenoughtowatchforitssecretmovementabovethegreenery.Uponreachinghome,Iwouldfindmyfathersittinginnocentlyinhischair.“So!Myson,it’syou!”he’dsay,hisfacelengtheningintopretendedsurprise.Ireplied,“Yes,Dad,it’sme.I’mhome.”24.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthetwo-milewalkhome?A.Itreflectedhisvalue.B.Itwasthemosttroublesome.C.Itwasn’trankednumberoneinhisconcerns.D.Itwasextremelyunbearableincoldweathers.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhesawthehedge?A.Disappointed. B.Hopeful. C.Frustrated. D.Regretful.26.Whydidtheauthor’sfatherwatchbehindthehedge?A.Theauthoroftenchangedroutesbackhome.B.Hewantedtohelptheauthorbuildupcourage.C.Hewasreallyconcernedabouthisson’ssafety.D.Thatwastheonlywayhecouldexpresshislove.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Father’sSecret. B.MyChildhoodLife.C.TerribleJourneyHome. D.RidingBusAlone.【答案】24.C25.B26.C27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Thewalkdidn’tbothermeasmuchasthefearofwalkingalonealongthehighwayandcountryroads.(步行并没有像独自沿着高速公路和乡间小路行走的恐惧那样困扰我。)”可知，步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事情，故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Arowofhedge(篱笆)edgedthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.OnceIhadturnedoffthehighwaytostartthelastlapofmyjourney,IwasalwaysrelievedtoseethehedgebecauseitmeantthatIwasalmosthome.(一排篱笆沿着爬山到我们家的车道。一旦我离开高速公路开始我旅程的最后一圈，我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着我快到家了。)”可知，作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ThenIknew,eachtimeI’dcomehome,hehadstoodbehindthehedge,watching,untilheknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iswallowedhardagainstthethreateningtears.Hedidcare,afterall.(然后我知道，每次我回家时，他都站在篱笆后面看着，直到他知道我安全到达。我强忍着眼泪狠狠地咽了口唾沫。毕竟，他确实在乎。)”可知，作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真的关心儿子的安全，故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的儿子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，A项“Father’sSecret.(父亲的秘密)”可以概括文章主题，故选A项。CDoyouhaveabrainformath?Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(脑神经传递素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.Thenewstudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiology,recruited255subjectsextendingarangeofsix-yearoldsinprimaryschooltouniversitystudents.TheresearchfocusedonglutamateandGABA,knowntoplayaroleinbrainplasticity(可塑性)andlearning.Basedonpriorresearch,thefocuswasontwobrainregionslinkedwithmathematicalabilities—theleftintraparietalsulcus(IPS顶叶内沟)andtheleftmiddlefrontalgyrus(MFG脑额中回).Theresultswereinterestinglydifferent.IntheyoungestsubjectshighGABAlevelsandlowglutamatelevelsintheleftIPSwereconsistentlyassociatedwithhighmathskills.Butintheolderuniversitygrouptheexactoppositewasseen:lowGABAandhighglutamatewerelinkedwithstrongmathematicalabilities.LevelsofbothneurotransmittersintheMFGdidnotassociatewithmathskills.Thegroupwastestedtwiceover18months,allowingtheresearcherstoseeiftheseneurotransmitterlevelscouldpredictmathematicalabilityintothefuture.Anditworked,withneurotransmitterlevelseffectivelypredictingone’ssuccessonmathtestscompletedayearandahalflater.AnotherrecentstudyfromthesameresearchteamlookedspecificallyatGABAlevelsinMFGof14to18yearoldsThatresearchindicatedMFGGABAlevelscouldeffectivelypredictwhetherastudentwasstillstudyingmathsorhadceasedthatsubjectyearsprior.CohenKadosh,oneoftheresearchersworkingonthestudy,saysthismayindicatematheducationcanhelpstimulatethedevelopmentofkeybrainregions.Furtherresearchwillworkonwhethercertainlearninginterventionscanhelpthosechildrenlessinterestedinmathsothesebrainregionsstillgetthedevelopmentalworkouttheyneed.“Noteveryadolescentenjoysmathssoweneedtoinvestigatepossiblealternatives,suchastraininginlogicandreasoningthatengagethesamebrainareaasmaths,”saysCohenKadosh.28.Whatisthenewstudyaimedat?A.Exploringmentaldevelopmentofthesubjects.B.Findingthetiebetweenbrainchemistryandmath.C.Testingthelinkbetweenbrainregions.D.Revealingthestructureofbrain.29.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefindings?A.ThelevelsofGABAdecideone’smathskills.B.LowMFGglutamatemeanspoormathability.C.NeurotransmittersintheMFGaffectmathskills.D.Matheducationmayhelpwithbraindevelopment.30.WhatcanbettermatheducationaccordingtoCohenKadosh?A.Studyingmorepossibleoptions.B.Tracingslowlearners’earlylearning.C.Trainingmathlearnersrespectively.D.Developingkeyrelevantbrainareas.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FactorsAffectingMathSkillsB.WaystoPromoteMathEducationC.BrainActivitiesInvolvedinMathStudyD.MathAbilityPredictedbyNeurotransmitters【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。数学教育可能有助于大脑发育，同时开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。【28题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(脑神经传递素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.(新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。)”可知，这项新研究的目的是找出大脑化学和数学之间的联系。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“CohenKadosh,oneoftheresearchersworkingonthestudy,saysthismayindicatematheducationcanhelpstimulatethedevelopmentofkeybrainregions(参与这项研究的研究人员之一CohenKadosh表示，这可能表明数学教育有助于刺激大脑关键区域的发育)”可知，从这些发现中可以得知数学教育可能有助于大脑发育。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Furtherresearchwillworkonwhethercertainlearninginterventionscanhelpthosechildrenlessinterestedinmathsothesebrainregionsstillgetthedevelopmentalworkouttheyneed.(进一步的研究将着眼于某些学习干预措施是否可以帮助那些对数学不太感兴趣的孩子，使这些大脑区域仍然得到他们需要的发展锻炼)”可知，某些学习干预措施可以使得这些大脑区域得到发展锻炼。因此，CohenKadosh认为，开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。数学教育可能有助于大脑发育，同时开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。文章第一段讲到“Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(脑神经传递素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.(新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。)”可知，本文的最佳标题是：神经递质预测的数学能力。故选D。DPhilosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairun-split.Thereisnothingwrongwithclarity,precision,andthelike—butthisisn’ttheonlywaytodophilosophy.Outsideacademicjournals,abstractphilosophicalideasareoftenexpressedthroughliterature,cinema,andsong.There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上学)ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一种魔法精灵)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“anti-realism”).AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhard-earnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskin-darkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofphilosophicalstories?A.Themeaningbehindisveryobvious.B.Theyamextremelypreciseandformal.C.Theyoftencauseconflictsamongreaders.D.Theyareengagingandinspirecriticalthinking.33.Whichcategorymight“Christmas”fallintoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Socialconstructionism. B.Anti-realism.C.Biologicalrealism. D.Literaryrealism.34.WhatisBlackNoMoreinparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Racialissuescausedbyskincolors.B.Asocietyviewonraceandself-image.C.Blackpeopleacceptedbythewhitesociety.D.Theoriginofsunbathingamongwhitepeople.35.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?AStoriesMadeEasy B.StoriestoThinkwithC.PositionsinPhilosophy D.NatureofPhilosophicalWriting【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.(没有什么能像一个好故事那样吸引人的注意力，有一些伟大的哲学故事会让读者感到愉悦和吸引人，而不是让读者昏昏欲睡)”以及第三段“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.(这其中最重要的一点是，与形式哲学不同的是，故事并不会把自己的意思挂在明面上——它们需要解释，而且常常表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者纠结)”可知，哲学故事可以使读者有参与感和激发批判性思维。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上学)ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一种魔法精灵)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“anti-realism”).(让我们来考虑一下哲学家所称之为种族的形而上学——这是探究种族是否真实的哲学问题。关于这个问题，你可能持有三个主要观点。你可能认为一个人的种族写在他们的基因中(被称为“生物现实主义”)。或者，你可能认为种族是社会上真实存在的，就像星期几或货币一样(“社会建构主义”)。最后，你可能认为种族是虚幻的——它们更像一种魔法精灵而不是星期四或美元(“反现实主义”))”可知，Christmas为一个节日，是社会的共有认知，应属于“社会建构主义”。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhard-earnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskin-darkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.(一个以社会建构主义观点来探讨种族问题的精彩例子是乔治·斯库勒的小说《不再是黑人》。在这本书中，一位名叫克鲁克曼的黑人科学家发明了一种让黑人在外貌上无法与白人区分的程序。成千上万的非洲裔美国人蜂拥而至克鲁克曼的“黑不再”诊所，并付出辛苦赚来的钱去接受手术。白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是表面上看起来像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比天生如此的白人更白，从而引发了一个晒太阳变黑肤色的潮流，以使自己看起来更白皙)”可知，白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起来像白人的人。在最后一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比那些生来是白人的人更白，这开启了日光浴使皮肤变黑的趋势——使其变黑，以便看起来不那么白。这段是关于种族和自我形象的社会观。故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Philosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairun-split.(哲学家以枯燥乏味的方式表达自己而臭名昭著。大多数哲学作品的理想是精确、清晰，以及那种不留痕迹的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.(像这样富有哲理的故事给生活带来了更多的技术作品。它们是用来思考的故事)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考，所以B项“StoriestoThinkwith(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-esteemistherulingviewyouhaveofyourself.Thisincludesyourbeliefsaboutyourinnerqualitiesandhowyouthinkothersseeyou.___36___Someonecandeveloplowself-esteemevenwhentheyarehighlyfunctionalandgreatlyskilled.Understandingthismysteriousemotionalcurrencymightbethekeytounlockingyourownself-worth.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemdon'tneedtoboastaboutthemselvestoothers.Peoplewithlowself-esteemmaytellyouhowmucheveryonelovesthem,whatagreatjobtheydoatwork,andhowamazingtheyareatprettyeverythingunderthesuneventhoughtheyreallywonderifit'strue.Peoplemayseethemasobnoxiousor“fullofthemselves”.___37___Theyarenotshyaboutsharingideas,includingconstructivecriticismsofothers.Theyalsotakecareofthemselveswithoutsecond-guessingorapologizing.Theyarethepeoplewhowesayseem“sureofthemselves”.Ifyou'restartingtothinkyoumayhavelowself-esteem,youcanworkonthewayyoutalktoyourself.Whenyouturnoffnegativeself-talk,youcanopenthefloortopositivereinforcementsandaccessthecouragetoshowdifferentsidesofyourself.Itisn'tgoingtofeelgoodatfirst,though.Keepgoinguntilitbecomeslessandl