天外英语考研历年真题

天津外国语学院

年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位

研究生入学考试样题

考试科目：基础英语+汉语

(考试时间180分钟总分150分)

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedwordorphraseinthe

sentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsfor20

questions)Thefollowingarefivesamplequestions.

l.Youtalkaboutitasifitwereagrammarschoolinsteadofaleadinguniversity.

A.verylarge

B.veryserious

C.veryprestigious

D.veryfundamental

2.1attendedthegreatpoet'spriorlectureandwasnotabouttomisshisencore-even

thoughIwasquartered110milesnorthoftheuniversity.

A.lived

B.wasseparated

C.wasinformed

D.wasarrested

3.AtthatmomentMr.Frost'shostmaterializedbehindhimtoremindhimofhis

schedule.

A.appeared

B.handedhimsomething

C.spoke

D.told

4.Companieswilladdressthissituationthroughmethodslikeon-sitecounselingand

thedevelopmentofspecialprograms.

A.gotothespot

B.remember

C.record

D.dealwith

5.IgotoutthankstoacollegescholarshipandbecauseIwasalittlemorearticulate

thantheaverage.

A.abletodoadditioneffectively

B.abletoexpressone'sthoughtseffectively

C.abletowriteeffectively

D.abletoinitiatethingseffectively

ILReadcarefullythefollowingpassage(s)andthenanswerthequestions.(20

pointsfor20questions).Thefollowingisasamplepassagewithfivesample

questions.

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunning

toolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.

Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics一thescienceofconferringvarioushuman

capabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversion

ofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodemworldis

increasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebut

whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.

Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Our

bankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanical

politenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-

drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsand

micro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsof

brainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthan

highlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsareto

reachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman

supervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthat

posearealchallenge.

“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDave

Lavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough

'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."Indeedthequestfor

trueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitial

optimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsand

microprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear

2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnot

centuries.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehuman

brain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhuman

perceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobots

thatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterina

controlledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidly

changingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,

instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthe

singlefaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan't

approachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.

D.theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

2.Theword"gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

A.programs.B.experts.C.devices.D.creatures.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat

can.

A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.

B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.

C.havealittlecommonsense.

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.improvefactoryenvironments.

D.cultivatehumancreativity.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.

III.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordorphrasetocompletethe

followingpassage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Asadoctorwhotravelsquitealot,Ispentalotoftimeonplaneslisteningfor

thatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?^^announcement.Ilavebeencalledonlyonce

forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Butthe_1_mademequite___2_howoften

thiskindofthinghappens.IwonderwhatIwoulddoifconfrontedwitharealmidair

emergencywithoutaccessbyahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So

whentheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweekpublishedastudyaboutin­

flightmedicalevents,Ireaditwith_3_.

Thestudyestimatedthatthereareanaverageofthirtyin-flightmedical

emergenciesonUSflightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot_4_._5_13%of

themareseriousenoughtorequirethepilottochangecourse.Themostcommon

emergencies_6_hearttrouble,strokeanddifficultyinbreathing.

Let'sfaceit:planeridesarestressful.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathigh

altitudearesetroughlywhattheywouldbeifyoulivedat5000to8000feetabovesea

level.Mostpeoplecan_7_thesepressures,butpassengerswithheartdisease_8_

experiencechestpain.Anotherproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis一theso-called

economicclasssyndrome.___9_happens,donotpanic.Thankstomorerecent

legislation,_10___withjustoneattendantarestartingtoinstallemergencymedical

kitstotreatheartattacks.

IV.Paraphrasetheunderlinedsentences.WriteyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

1.Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforour

youngpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothe

bustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.The

waractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownofVictoriansocial

structure.

2.Forthegreatmajorityofautomobileworkers,theonlymeaningofthejobisin

thepaycheck,notanythingconnectedwiththeworkortheproduct.Workappears

assomethingunnatural、adisagieeab©meaninglessandstultifyingconditionof

gettingthepaycheck,devoidofdignityaswellasofimportance.

V.Therearetwosectionsinthispart.ForSection1,youareaskedtotranslate

twoofthethreeunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.ForSection

2,youareaskedtotranslatetheunderlinedfivepartsintheparagraphinto

English.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(30points)

SectionI

[1]Itisasthoughsomegiant'shandweresqueezingthetrunksofthetrees,forcing

thesapupandalongthebranches,fortheblossomseemstosquirtintotheair.

TherehavebeenotherMaysinotheryears,butneverhastherebeensomuch

blossom.Thebeesarebewilderedbyit.Afewsmallbush-appleswhichwereas

austereaswalkingstickswhenIplantedthemonlytwomonthsagoarenowinfull

flower,andlooklikelittlegirlsjustofftoacarnival.

Peach,cherry,plumandapplestrainintotheair;[2]allthetreesintheorchardare

outtogether,andforonce、noclumsywindhasshornorrainwashedtheirfirail、

enameled、finepetalsdownintothelecheroushandsofgrass.

[3]Whatfloweristhereasdelicateasthisflowerthatgrowsoutofagnarledoldtree

withitstrunkalltwistedanditsbarkallblistered?Itisaparadox.Beautyisalwaysa

paradox.

Vocabulary

blister:abumporswellingappears

enamel：asubstancelikeglassthatcanbeheatedandputontometal,glassor

potteryinordertodecorateorprotectit.

lecher:amanwhoiscontinuallythinkingaboutsex

Section2

⑴西方文化以宗教为本,从希腊神话到拉美神话的叙事传统，『21人界之外

还有神界的深厚资源和广阔空间,魔幻的力量诱人至深，⑶今天风靡天下的

《哈利•波特》和《星球大战》，更把这一传统在高科技的参与下发挥光大。

⑷中国文学中六月飞雪，梁祝化蝶，白发三千丈,倒拔垂杨柳等，是介乎浪漫

与魔幻之间的想象夸张,即便偶有神幻的点缀，也用之极慎。⑸撇开佛家道家

的传统不谈，中国儒家主流强于人本视角而弱于神本视角。

VI.PleasewriteinEnglishanessayofapproximately300wordsononeofthe

titlesgivenbelowontheANSWERSHEET.（20points）

1.TheRoleofLearner'sNativeLanguageinhis/herLearningProcessofEnglishas

aForeignLanguage

2.TheRoleofDictionariesintheLearningProcessofEnglishasaForeign

Language

汉语部分（40分）

（注：英语教育和英语翻译专业的考生答一、四、五题，其他专业的考生答

一、二、三、四题。）

一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）

1.《诗经》中的诗歌创作年代是从至春秋中叶。

2.战国散文按其内容可分为两大类：一类是；一类是先秦

3.南朝出现了文学批评史上罕有其匹的巨著《》。

4.魏晋南北朝诗歌时期的创作最为辉煌，其代表作家是三曹，即

、、和女诗人o

5.“楼船夜雪瓜洲渡，”是陆游《》中的名句。

二、单项选择题（在每小题的备选答案中选出一个正确答案，每小题1

分，共20分）

1.以语录体形式记述的先秦诸子著作是（）。

A、老子B、论语C、孟子D、荀子

2.按照班固的解释，“离骚”的意思就是（）。

A、遭受忧患B、离别的忧愁C、发牢骚D、被离间骚扰

3.“建安”这一年号属于（）。

A、汉B、魏C、蜀D、吴

4.宋代文人中，文章有战国纵横家之风的是《六国论》的作者（

）O

A、王安石B、苏轼C、苏洵D、欧阳修

5.清诗人中以七言歌行《圆圆曲》而名满一时的是（

）O

A、钱谦益B、顾炎武C、龚自珍D、吴伟业

6.《望岳》：“岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。”“岱宗”指（

）O

A.华山B.嵩山C.泰山D.恒山

7.下列作品中属于新乐府诗的是（）。

A.《卖炭翁》B.《琵琶行》

C.《长恨歌》D.《钱塘湖春行》

8.“斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住。”“寄奴”是指（

）O

A.孙权B.刘备C.周瑜D.刘裕

9..盛唐诗风形成的标志是（）。

A.讲究声律辞藻B.抒写慷慨情杯

C.诗情画意结合D.声律风骨兼备

10..最早以“赋”作为文体名称的作品是（）o

A.《高唐赋》B.《吊屈原赋》

C.《柳赋》D.《赋篇》

三、多项选择题（在每小题的备选答案中选出二个至三个正确答案，每小题2

分，共10分）

1.《西洲曲》“低头弄莲子，莲子青如水”二句运用的修辞手法有（）

（）O

A.比喻B.拟人C.顶真D.谐音E.夸张

2.下列作家属于桐城派的有（）（）（）。

A.方苞B.刘大槌C.归有光D.姚鼐E,袁枚

3.“春秋三传”包括的著作有（）（）（）o

A.《左传》B.《公羊传》C.《穆天子传》

D.《谷梁传》E.《春秋外传》

4.屈原利用楚国民歌形式，运用楚国方言，创造了“楚辞体”，他的作品有

（）（）（）。

A.《离骚》B.《天问》C.《九辩》

D.《对楚王问》E.《九歌》

5.“黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山，羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门

关。”这首脍炙人口的绝句是A（）B（）C（）o

A.1初唐、2盛唐、3中唐

B.1王之涣、2王翰、3王昌龄

C.1律诗、2七绝、3小令

四、指出下列带点的词性和特殊用法（每题1分，计10分）

1.何去何从（）

2.王见之，日：“牛何之？”()()

3.考吾老，以及人之孝()()

4.亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉野以兴隆也()()

5.六王毕，四海：()

6.其星之渭乎()()

五、阅读文章，写一篇短文(20分)

语言间的文化差异客观存在。现代社会的进步使人感觉到世界变得越来越

小，然而并不能使人们的心理距离缩小。不同民族和不同国家的人接触越多，

越会感到文化差异的存在。比如，人们在文化取向、风土人情、传统习俗、生

活方式、行为规范、价值观念、社会规范、思维方式等方面存在差异，而方方

面面的差异必然反映到语言上。

语言是文化系统的一部分，不同语言具有不同的文化意义。人们在使用不

同语言描写同一客观事物时，表现出不同的文化底蕴。学习和使用非母语语言

时，负载的文化知识必然产生认知差异，人们在选择词语进行跨文化交际中，

常常因为误解和误用词语，导致一些跨文化交际的不协调。

跨文化交际冲突的语言原因有：词汇空缺(wordlacuna,两语中找不到相对

应相契合的词)、词义错位(misplacingofmeaning,两语中相对应的词在不同

文化背景中引起不同联想)、词义空缺(semanticlacuna,某一词项的含义在此

语言中比在彼语言里宽广)、句法差异(syntacticdifferencials)＞语用失误

(pragmaticfailure)、非语言失误(failuresinmisusingnon-verbals)等方面。

要求：

1、攻读英语教育专业硕士学位的研究生，根据你的理解和认识，从英语教学的

角度写一篇短文；攻读英语翻译专业硕士学位的研究生，根据你的理解和认

识，从英语翻译的角度写一篇短文。

2、字数要求400--500字。

3、观点明确，论述集中，不要面面俱到。

天津外国语学院

2007年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位

研究生入学考试样题

考试科目：英语语言文学

(考试时间180分钟总分150分)

注：本试卷共五项，I、II、III、IV项(共100分)为所有报考我校英语专业

硕士研究生的必答题，主要考查考生的英语水平和专业知识结构，内容涉及英

语专业本科教学主要课程，包括英语国家概况、英美文学史、语言学、翻译、

教育、高级英语和英语写作；第V项（50分）分为若干专业方向模块，主要考

查考生对所报考专业方向知识了解的深度和学术发展潜力，考生根据自己所报

考的专业方向选择答题。

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestanswerthequestionorcompletes/explainsthe

sentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20pointsfor20

questions)Fiveexamplesaregivenbelowassamplequestions.

1.WhichofthefollowingAmericanauthorsmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,

respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofAmerica.

A.MarkTwain

B.WashingtonIrving

C.HermanMelville

D.EzraPound

2.OfthefollowingplaysbyShakespeare,whichoneisnotacomedy?

A.KingLear

B.TheMerchantofVenice

C.AsYouLikeIt

D.MuchAdoAboutNothing

3.IfyoumeetastrangerfromBritain,whichofthefollowingquestionscanyouask

him?

A.Howoldareyou?

B.Whendidyoubuyyourwatch?

C.Howoftendoyoutravelabroad?

D.Whatisyoursalary?

4.About40millionAmericanschangeresidenceseveryyearbecauseofthe

followingreasonsexcept.

A.theneedforbiggerorsmallerlivingquartersasfamilysizechanges.

B.thedesiretostartanewlifeinanewplace.

C.deterioratingpollutionaroundtheircommunities.

D.jobopportunities.

5.Whichofthefollowingisanaffricate?

A.[9]

B.⑵

c.[0]

D.[dr]

ILFillineachblankwithanappropriatewordorphrasetocompletethe

followingpassage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(30points)Five

examplesaregivenassamples.

1.waskeenlyawareofthemisdeedsofhisPuritanancestors,andthis

awarenessledtohisunderstandingofevilbeingatthecoreofhumanlife,atheme

hesuccessfullydealtwithinhismasterpieceTheScarletLetter.

2.In'sTessoftheD'urhervilles,Tess,apurewomanbroughtup

withthetraditionalideaofwomanlyvirtues,isabusedanddestroyedbybothAlec

andAngel,agentsofthedestructiveforceofthesociety.

3.“Allmenarecreatedequal“isafamousstatementwhichappearsin

4.ThepersonwhoestablishedthetranslationtheoryofFidelity,Fluencyand

Eleganceis.

5.Thetermisdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

III.Brieflyexplaineachofthefollowingsixterms.Writeyouransweronthe

ANSWERSHEET.(30points)

1.sonnet

2.paradox

3.theLostGeneration

4.ColdWar

5.discourseanalysis

6.fbreignization

IV.PleasewriteinEnglishanessayofapproximately300wordsonthetitlegiven

belowontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

WhichisyourfavoriteShakespearianplay?Why?

V.Answerthequestions,ordothetranslation,undertheareaofstudyforwhich

youaremakingtheapplication.Writeyouranswersoryourtranslationonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(50points)

(American&BritishLiterature)

Answerthreeofthefollowingessayquestions:

1.InTheScarletLetter.HesterPrynneishumiliatedinthemarketplace,shethen

choosestoliveinasmallthatchedcottageon“theoutskirtsofthetown,withinthe

vergeofthepeninsula,butnotinclosevicinitytoanyotherhabitation/9andseven

yearslater,shemeetsDimmesdaleintheforest.Commentonthesettingofthe

novel.

2.DramaticissuesinsomeofWilliams'splaysrevolvearoundthe“imposition”of

an"other“imposinghis/hersenseof“whatshouldbe"onanotherinrelationto

personalorsocietalexpectations.IllustratethispointwithevidencefromThe

GlassMenagerieOrAStreetcarNamedDesire,

3.CommentonWaltWhitman'suseofimageryOrrhythminOneofthefollowing

poems:

“ThereWasaChildWentForth”

“IHearAmericaSinging”

“OCaptain,MyCaptain”

“WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom^d^^

4.WhydomostofthecriticscallShakespeare'ssonnetsastory?

5.Englishromanticismisseenasastrongreactiontoneoclassicismofthe18th

century.Couldyoutellusthedifferencebetweenromanticismandclassicismin

termsoftheconceptofpoetryandthepoet?

6.WiththeinfluenceofIbsen,agreatNorwegianplaywright,G.B.Shawmade

greatcontributionstothemodernEnglishtheatre.Inhislongliterarycareer,Shaw

wrotemanyplays.Pleasnameatleast5ofhisfamousplaysandtellusthemain

artisticfeaturesofhisdramaturgy.

(AmericanSocietyandCulture)

1.HowdidtheblackssufferinAmericanhistory?Whatisthecurrentsituation?

2.HowdidtheAmericanslosetheirnationaloptimismin1960s?

3.Whatisyourcommenton“WhitherChina:FromMembershiptoResponsibility^^

byRobertB.Zoellick,DeputySecretaryofStateattheNationalCommitteeon

US-ChinaRelations,NewYorkCityonSeptember21,2005.

(Linguistics)

1.Asoneofthesemantictheoriesthatusethenotionof“concept”,Ogdenand

Richards'semantictriangle(1923)treatstherelationbetweenawordandathing

asbeingmediatedbyconcept.Discussthroughexampleshowthistheorymay

work.

2.NameandcommentonthefourcategoriesofmaximsinGrice'sCPanddiscuss

thepossibilityofviolatingtherules.

3.Discussthedifferencesbetweenlearningalanguageandthestudyoflanguage.

(TranslationandInterpretation)

汉译英

开发利用生物质能资源是未来能源发展的主流趋势。我国生物质能资源丰富，

年总量约为7.5亿吨标煤。其中绝大多数集中在农村，仅农作物秸秆、薪柴和

人畜粪便即达5亿吨标煤，可作能源利用的秸秆有3.7亿吨。利用生物质能具

有分散性、小型化和就地取材等多方面优势，不仅能够适应我国农村的特点和

需要，而且还能为“三农”开辟了一条新的生产和致富门路，是农村的一种多

功能战略性能源。目前应积极调整能源发展战略，突出农村生物质能源的开发

和利用，启动“生物质能源开发工程”，重点在“能源植物”的培育，加快生

物质新能源、新材料的开发与利用等方面加快研究、试点、示范和推广应用，

多渠道开发和利用生物质能源，发展能源农业。

英译汉

WHATmakesasuicide-bomber?Longbeforetheattacksthatkilled52peoplein

LondononJuly7th,Britain'ssecurityserviceshadaclearpatternintheirminds.A

manwhomaydrinkbeer,playfootball,chasegirlsandleadalifethatis

indistinguishablefromthoseofmostotheryoungBritonsstartslookingaroundfor

somethinglessordinary.Atthatpoint,hecomesundertheinfluenceofacharismatic

imam,whorailsagainsttheill-treatmentofMuslimsaroundtheworldandsuggestsa

straightforwardroutetoself-fulfilment.HemayeventuallyboardaplanetoIsraelora

traintoLondon,withtheintentionofkillingasmanyciviliansaspossible.

Tryingtopreventrebelliousimpulsesfromtakingholdisadifficultthingforaparent

todo,letaloneagovernme