新概念第四册笔记（完美版）

新概念第四册笔记（完美版）Lesson1Findingfossilman发现化石人Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsoftheworldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistoryistorecountitassagaslegendshandeddownfromonegenerationofstorytellerstoanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongago,butnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.AnthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestorsofthePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslandscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2,000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagas,iftheyhadany,areforgotten.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistorynorlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirst‘modernmen’camefrom.Fortunately,however,ancientmenmadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,becausethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodandskins,butthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.ROBINPLACEFindingfossilmanNewwordsandexpressions生词短语recount/ri'kaunt/v.叙述/'rei'kaunt/再数一次record/'rek[d//ri'kC:d/第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount:emotionless重复describedepict：alittleemotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial根据时间或空间顺序描述。portray：描述saga/'sa:g[/n.英雄故事描述的内容mostlyreal北欧海盗活动的故事legend/'ledV[nd/n.传说，传奇unreale.grobinhoodanthropologist/'AnWr['pCl[dVist/n.人类学家anthrop：人philosophere:philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家philanthropist:慈善家（对人有爱心的人）anthropology:人类学带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology生物学geography地理学ecology生态学remote/ri'm[ut/n.遥远ancestor/'Ansest[/n.祖先an在前面forefather,forebear，predecessor祖先rot/rCt/v.烂掉leavemerot.＝leavemealongrottodeath.soonripe,soonrotten.decay国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化trace/treis/n.痕迹，踪迹tracetheproblemifollowyourtrace＝ifollowwhereyougopolynesia波利尼西亚poly-多polyandric:awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:ahusbandwithmorethanonewifeflint/flint/n.燧石flintingheartedfossil/'fCsl/n.化石cobble鹅卵石Notesonthetext课文注释readof读到谈到：speakof,talkof,knowof,hearofneareast：近东mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast非限定性从句，表原因oral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage.precede:什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词counterpart:twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittencounterpart.preserve:保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.storyteller:讲故事的人fortuneteller,palmreader:算命先生migration：移民１）migrant２）immigrantv.migrate:迁移，迁徙migratorybird:候鸟none:nobodypeople＋s民族iftheyhadany:即便是有hisrelatives,ifhehadany,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.findout千方百计，费尽周折＝exploremodernmen:themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever－anywhereyouwant,加逗号but,yet－不加标点，onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore－自由so－自由tool:小工具instrument:实验器械equipment:设备shape:成型；教育，改造mayalsohave:表推测peel:果皮leather:皮革hide:兽皮cowhide:牛皮without(any)trace:无影无踪Lesson2Sparethatspider别伤害蜘蛛Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListenerNewwordsandexpressions生词短语flocksandherds牛群和羊群／flCk/thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分youarethesameflock.也可指人herd多指牛群cowherdcowboythrongandcrowdswarmowe/[U/vt.感激,欠ioweyou.ioweyouabigfavor.欠issueobligeindebtappreciate常用口语词正式：gratefulthankfulbeast/bi:st/n兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用animal形容creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性．fraction/＇frAkF[n/n.小部分分数，小数afractionofricewillsufficeonone＇sbehalf代表．．．利益Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是为你好onbehalfofsomebody/somethinge.gonbehalfofchinesegovernmentonbehalfof＝representauthority/C:＇WCriti/n.权威authorize批准authoritative权威性的authoritarian独裁的－tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者dictatorial独裁的authorities１．权威（可单数可复数）２．当局（复数）census/sens[s/n.统计数据thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.censor审查,censorious挑剔的，挑刺的acre/＇eik[/n.英亩１acre＝４０４７squaremetersfootballpitch足球场footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith满足于满足作表语，不能出现定语结构Heiscontentwithstatusquo.contentedheart:心满意足的人spare/spZ[/v.不伤害，宽恕sparemeHedoesn’tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.(sparenoefforts:不遗余力作什么)Notesonthetext课文注释why,youmaywonder－youmaywonderwhy插入语先不管插入语，弄清句子结构youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends？插入语位置不固定why以疑问句开头why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings.why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsissokindhearted.destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:天敌dyingenemycryingenemydearenemyhumanrace:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词impossible和possible永远不要以人开头Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething.likely可以以人做主语。iamlikelytobable也不以人做主语theywould表示假设devour狼吞虎咽devourthefoodmakeacakeofmyselfmakeagodofmyselfdevourthebookit虚拟语气前面是主句，下面是条件句前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时Ifitwerenotfor:如果这不是因为Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp.butfor一定是虚拟语气＝ifitwerenotforowe感激，欠ioweyou.引出主题allofthemputtogether:把他们堆到一起谓语动词是killdestroyed后置定语，重心转到spiderLesson3Matterhornman马特霍恩山区人Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeenattainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal--thetop!Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;thefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould--sometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语1、alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员climbermountaineer词根：alpAlps(1.16)/$lps/n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/v．到达togettotoarriveat/intoattainone’sgoal=realizetoattainthetop/peak/summit达到顶点attainyouth永葆青春attainment(n)attainments成就accomplishment3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危险的peril（随时可能出现的）危险avalanche雪崩4、shudder(1.5)/'M)d+/v．不寒而栗shudder:quickandsuddentremble:longandveryobviousquiver:excitement,maybecoldshiver:coldandnervous5、gooutofone’sway专门bytheway顺路toomuchforme受不起6、court（multiplemeanings多义词）1）朝廷朝臣courtier2）courteous彬彬有礼的3）法庭4）娱乐场足球场soccer/footballcourt高尔夫球场golfcourt5）追求6）招致骄兵必败pridecourtsfailure7、solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的sol-独solo独唱独奏solitude孤独Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者9、impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困poor（口语词）罗素名言：Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecurecompleteruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation.许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的coarsethroat嗓子哑sorethroat嗓子发炎coarsefare粗粮refinedfair细粮coarseandrefinedinacoarsemanner粗暴无礼11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify(qualifiedresearchers.)12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民parish教区13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人sheepÆshep羊herd兽群14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单Notesonthetext课文注释1、Route路线Road道路2、goodsports:stimulus刺激thrilling震撼、兴奋3、regardregardsbwithsth(感情词love\hatred\horror\respect)Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我很害怕你。4、pineeringdays,ancient(先人时期)5、notatall根本不case这回事6、bedoing表达当时的行动（状态）7、top:顶点summit山顶peak山顶Thesceneryisatthepeakofthemountain.无限风光在险峰。Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界之巅。Summitmeeting峰会8、attain到达conquer征服9、beofthemostperilousnaturenature特点、特性themostperilousdifficultiesanddangers学会beofthe+adj+noun结构Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemanofthekindestman.10、equipped表示当时的一种伴随。11、inamanner以这样的方式12、makesbdosth(省to结构)13、atthethought一想到，mention一提到,idea一想到这个结构后面加介词of原文即atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipment14、gooutofone’sway刻意intentionallyeyecatching引人注目的15、thereallivingconditions真实生存状况16、nowadays插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末17、exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除18、tendtobe倾向于19、settlement生存地、驻扎地20、cutoff=whicharecutoff21、flearidden跳蚤22、astheywere可以这么说，插入语还有asitwereThisbookis,asitwere,hislifeportrait.这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。23、local当地的24、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholic酒鬼25、boast拥有priest牧师shepherd牧羊人invariably=allthesame26、dirtandpoverty，andveryuncomfortable（结构不符合习惯，不可学）27、course一道菜28、musthavebeen表推测29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名词、动名词IamusedtothelifeinBejing.IamusedtolivinginBejing.30、早餐：scratchameal中午餐：snack快餐晚餐：dinner31、thechangetoEducationbringsgreatchangetohisoutlook/viewonlife.教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。Lesson4Seeinghands看手IntheSovietUnionseveralcaseshavebeenreportedrecentlyofpeoplewhocanreadanddetectcolourswiththeirfingers,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsandwalls.Onecaseconcernsan'eleven-year-oldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whohasnormalvisionbutwhocanalsoperceivethingswithdifferentpartsofherskin,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilitywasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedayshecameintohisofficeandhappenedtoputherhandsonthedoorofalockedsafe.Suddenlysheaskedherfatherwhyhekeptsomanyoldnewspaperslockedawaythere,andevendescribedthewaytheyweredoneupinbundles.Vera'scurioustalentwasbroughttothenoticeofascientificresearchinstituteinthetownofUIyanovsk,nearwhereshelives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialcommissionoftheMinistryofHealthoftheRussianFederalRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenand,strangerstill,bymovingherelbowoverachild'sgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefiguresandcoloursprintedonit;and,inanotherinstance,wearingstockingsandslippers,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesandcoloursofapicturehiddenunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesandshouldershadasimilarsensitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasblindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivethingswithherskin.ltwasalsofoundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisabilityceasedthemomentherhandswerewet.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语1、Perceive察觉，瞬间感觉到的tomakeout费尽心机辨出Ilookedthoroughlyformyelderlymother,finallyImakeherout.Yeah,Iremembered,Ifinallymakehimout.Iperceiveaflyinmyteacup.2、elbowone’sway(用肘)挤出elbowone’swayoutofthecrowed.挤出人群Notesonthetext课文注释Flash中没有详细讲解Lesson5NoRoomintheArk诺亚方舟无容身之地ThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxintheAfricanscene.Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.Forahundredyearsormorehehasbeenkilled,captured,andimprisoned,inzoos.Hisboneshavebeenmountedinnaturalhistorymuseumseverywhere,andhehasalwaysexertedastrongfascinationuponscientistsandromanticsalike.Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,andanobvious(thoughnotperhapsstrictlyscientific)linkwithourancestralpast.Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofoneinawildstate,nozoologist,howeverintrepid,hasbeenabletokeeptheanimalundercloseandconstantobservationinthedarkjunglesinwhichhelives.CarlAkeley,theAmericannaturalist,ledtwoexpeditionsinthenineteen-twenties,andnowliesburiedamongtheanimalshelovedsowell.Butevenhewasunabletodiscoverhowlongthegorillalives,orhoworwhyitdies,norwasheabletodefinetheexactsocialpatternofthefamilygroups,orindicatethefinalextentoftheirintelligence.AllthisandmanyotherthingsremainalmostasmuchamysteryastheywerewhentheFrenchexplorerDuChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltothecivilizedworldacenturyago.TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语（goodarticle:fivestars该文写得不错。）the+n.(s)表示一类:thegorilla(s)scene场景intheAfricanscene:Africaasthebackgroundgatherpalace聚集地somethingofaparadox自相矛盾（人对猩猩的观点）contradictoryideasabouthim主题句：Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.问题：Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Theirideasvary。人们对他的观点相差很大。Forahundredyearsormore一百年甚至更多（包括一百年）Formorethanonehundredyears一百多年西方，动物一般用人称代替。本文中，gorillas用him代替。另外有：cat–she,dog–he.imprisoned关起来圈养bemountedinnaturalhistorymuseums陈列在自然历史博物馆重点句型：Heexertastrongfascinationupon(on)Sb.施加给人们强大的魅力exert…on…施加（压力）impose…on…,例如imposeinfluenceon,imposepressureon上句可表示为HehaveastrongfascinationforSb.或ThegorillaisalwaysfascinatingtoSb.alikeadv.相同，一样adj.只能做表语。例如：Thetwoarealike.这两人真像。形容词只要以a开头，99.99%都做表语。不能做定语词。例如：asleep,awake,afloat等Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks.stereotyped–oldtime老样子horrorfilms恐怖片film(英)movie(美)thestereotypedmonster经典模式省略主语and(heis)anobvious(…)linkwithourancestralpastlinkwith…与…相联系ourancestralpast(n.)throughnotperhapsstriklyscientific尽管话说回来，不是严格的科学概念through引导的从句主语和主句相同，可以省略。Eg:Iarrivedatthemeeting,though(Iwas)late.Yet与however，表示转折，意思完全相同。但yet用在句首，however加标点，可以用在自由位置。重要句型：Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofonein…Takepicture/photograph照相ofone定语后置，satisfactoryphotographofone。主要是为了句子的平衡。One指gorillainawildstate在野生状态下keepthe…under…observation把某事处于观察之下keepthecityclean保持城市清洁closeandconstantobservation持续不断的观察Eg:Ihavetokeeptheboyunderclosecontrol.Tocontroltheboyverystrikly.插入语：howeverintrepid=nomatterhowintrepid无论多么英勇Eg:Noman,howeverintelligent,isperfect.Nopalace,howeverpeacefulandtranquil,isaparadise.liesburiedhereamongtheanimalshelovedsowell埋葬在他所钟爱的动物中间形容词做状语：lieawake,liecrouchedlifespan寿命howlongthegorillalives因为猩猩的寿命客观存在，所以live用一般现代时。Organ’sdecay器官衰竭Nor引导否定并列句，与unable并列生活方式：groupliving,individualliving智力：intelligence–IQ,intelligenceqoutientCIA–theCentralIntelligenceAgencyofAmericaCID–CriminalinvestigationDivision重案组，罪犯调查科Allthisandmanyotherthingremain(amostasmuch)amystery(as)theywere.asmuchas同thesameas…remainamysterythesameastheywere.Heisasmuchamusicianasawriter.=Heisbothamusicianandawriter.civilizedworld文明世界savagedworld野生世界civilized:togetawayfromwildlife中文中的“文明单位”不能用civilized,应该用model或pacesettingunitI’mapacesoldiery。我是排头兵。TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.那萦绕在喜马拉雅山爬山者脑海中的那种令人难以捉摸的雪人，看起来也不一定比我们研究的大猩猩更加令人费尽心思。（通过侧面比较，引出结论，一种有用的写作方法）AbominableSnowman作比较，省略gorillaLesson6Youth青年Peoplearealwaystalkingabout'theproblemofyouth'.Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubt--thenitisolderpeoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeings--peoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain--thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foronething,beingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.It'sasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentanlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceited,illmannered,presumptuousoffatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectforelders--asifmereagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语sb.takeleavetodosth.允许某人做某事，冒昧做某事getdowntosth.认真研究getdownto+名词／动名词glorious光辉灿烂的rub难题teenager青少年foronething原因之一，有一点是…连接词…foranotheridentity身份airoffreedom无拘无束air:神态、气势dreary沉郁的ambition追名逐利cosmicbeing宇宙人humanbeing人violent强烈的，暴力的suburban见识不广的，有偏见的conceited自高自大的presumptuous自以为是的，放肆的fatuous愚蠢的cliché陈词滥调Itakeleavetosay…我冒昧地说…Itakeleavetobefrank恕我直言。口语：maybeI’mtoobold…or.I’mboldenough…or.Allowmyselftosay…Takeone’sleave=takeleave离开（正式用法）Wouldyoupleasetakeyourleave?我很烦的几种表示法：Whatabore.Whatanuisance.WhatatrialWhatajerk.getdownto+名词/动名词例：我开始学习了。Igetdowntomystudies.Igetdowntolearningmybook.to介词同义词：beengagedingloriousgloryn.光荣（rosy,shining,brilliant,magnificent,gorgeous）inone’sglory:在某人的鼎盛时期inone’sdayinone’sgoldendaysinone’sprimetimeintheprideofone’sliferub摩擦atodds有矛盾havewordswithsb.和…拌嘴Doyougettherub?Doyougetthepicture?Doyoucatchme?Doyougetme?What’stherange?问年龄Teenager14到Underthirteen.Adolescent:13到Juvenile青少年Youth20到Air:神态（多用复数）Healwaysputsonairs.摆谱Arrogantairs:傲气Bureaucraticairs:官气Finickyairs娇气Dreary同:drearisomea.无味，无聊Sterile:枯燥无味Monotonous:乏味无聊Gloomy：沉闷Lifeless:无生气的Ihaveambitionforgoingabroad/togaoabroad.Fish…(wealthandfame)Chase…(fameandgains)Pursue…Cosmic宇宙Cosmonaut宇航员=astronautAstro-/aster天体DisasterCosmicplace:大都市Metropolis:大都市Violentnonviolence非暴力狂风：violentwind暴死：violentdeathvehement猛烈的同义词：turbulenttumultuoussuburb郊区urbane:有礼貌的short-sighted目光短浅的narroe-minded/small-mindedinsular绝缘，目光短浅的provincialconceited自高自大的骄傲的conceit(n.)pride自豪big-headed头发胀的cocky自负的chicken胆小鬼sweller膨胀的over-confidentpeoplearealwaystalkingabout‘theproblemofyouth’.Aretalking_到目前为止一直讨论‘theproblemofyouth’加引号，引用。-whichItakeleavetodoubt插入语“我冒昧的说”，表示怀疑-Ifthereisany,同样表示怀疑straightforward开门见山itisolderpeoplewhocreatit.—强调句letus(speakerexclusive)–Let’s(speakerinclusive)getdowntofundamentalsfundamental=basic基本的fundamentalist信奉正统基督教的人afterall–退一步like–(介词)省略了谓语arepeoplearejustlijetheireldersgloriousfuture光辉的未来splendidfuture光辉的未来（已过去的，对老年人而言）wheretherubis症结所在，问题就出在这hatred:憎恨ironical讽刺的，用反语的uncertain后面省略用法Iwouldhavebeen虚拟语气Something重要的东西Youaresomebody.你是重要人物So..as…后置定语出色：outstandingstandout站出来，鹤立鸡群cutfigure崭露头角oneofthethings正是其中之一seeking=lookingforexciting令人激动的airoffreedom无拘无束=carefree,freedomfromcarecommitment专注(to+名词/动名词)love=seek追求mean意味着，小气卑鄙=disgustinganxious虎视眈眈的polish擦，磨applepolisher溜须拍马bootlicker拍马屁者nodevotionto热爱（贬）materialthings物质享受tome在我看来（插入语）life生机lifeless没生机的，死气沉沉的linkwith把什么联系起来origin起源original原本的asif虚拟假设insomesence可以这么说吧（插入语）incontrastwith与…比较violent强烈=stronglovely生动的，完美的后置的同位语suburbancreatures前面用得是–cosmicbeingsmediocre平庸的idol偶像idiot傻瓜conceited自负ill-mannered粗暴presumptuous自以为是的fatuous愚蠢无比的turnforprotectionto寻求保护turnto求助dreary=boringcliché沉郁的cliché陈词滥调，老生常谈Lesson7Thesportingspirit运动精神IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)thatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesportspractisednowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotismisinvolved,itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise:butassoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsportisfranklymimicwarfare.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators:and,behindthespectators,ofthenations.whoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieve--atanyrateforshortperiods--thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语goodwilln.友好prestigen.声誉cricketn.板球disgracevt.使丢脸inclinationn.意愿savagen.野性的contestn.比赛combativea.好斗的orgyn.恣意，放荡franklyad.坦率地deducevt.推断mimica.与….极相似competitivea.竞争性的behaveiour行动pickup随意挑选spectatotorn.观众siden.队word….into…..引起……注意patriotismn.地方观念爱国主义furyn.狂热involvevt.卷入absurda.荒唐的atanyrate无论……,至少…….Notesonthevocabularies词语注释goodwill=friendshipn.友好goodwillgames:友好运动会goodwillvisit:友好访问payagoodwillvisittoofficialvisit:官方正式访问statevisit:国事访问cricketn.板球asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)形容心情高兴，快乐无比inclinationn.意愿inclinev.beinclinedtodosth表示强烈的意愿Iaminclinedtotaketoefl.willingshowinclinationtofollowone'sinclination随心所欲contestn.比赛近义词：competitiongamematchtournamentracecontest:agroupofjudgesbeautycontest选美比赛competition:socially抽象使用Socialcompetitionisfierce.Dogeatdog.人吃人。形容竞争激烈。game:physically,mentallymatch:quiteimportantChinawonthe2002WorldCupmatch.tournament:淘汰赛，巡回赛。race:以速度见长cycleracing自行车比赛carracing赛车orgyn.恣意，放荡revelryin狂欢Irevelryinmysuccess.onaspreeThegirlisonashopingpetitivecombative-贬义词同aggressivecompetitive-褒义词／中性词competitor-竞争者competewithsb.forsth.pickup随意挑选side队patriotismn.地方观众，爱国主义patriot:爱国者patriotic:爱国的involvevt.卷入involveoneselfinscandalbeinvolvedinprestigen.声誉prestigiousa.享有声誉的Qinghuauniversityisveryprestigious.近义词：famerenown(renowned著名的)reputationeminencedisgracevt.使丢脸grace,graceful-gracelessdisgraceful丢脸Youressayisveryguaceful.fame-defamehonor-dishonorstigmaa(污点)vt.stigmatizeRobberystigmatizeshim.savagen.野性的inhuman残忍无比nonhuman（非人类的）mercy-mercilessruth-ruthlessbeastlycombativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)坦白的说candid坦白的straightly直率的mimica.与……相似mimic-只用作定语similar-可作定语和表语Ourideasaresimilar.Wehavesimilarideas.alike-只作表语Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。behaviour行动举止Behaveoneself.规矩点儿。attituden.态度s