考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷19（共185题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷19（共9套）（共185题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（补全短文）(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1~5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.FortheendangeredNorthAtlanticrightwhale,thesearctryingtimes.TheseleviathanswholiveandmigrateinwatersalongtheEastCoastofNorthAmericateeterclosertothebrinkofextinctionthanperhapsanyotherwhalespecies.Theirpopulationistiny—lessthan350—andcontinuestoshrink.【C1】______Yetforscientistsandconservationistsanxiousaboutthefutureofthesecreatures,raysofhopearebeginningtopierceanotherwisegloomyhorizon.Thankstoasurgeofscientificresearchandnewtoolsforconductingit,theyexpecttolearnfarmoreaboutrightwhales,theirinteractionwiththeenvironment,andhowtobetterprotectthemfromtheirbiggestthreat:man.【C2】______Fortherightwhales,theleadingcausesofmortalityarecollisionswithshipsandencounterswithfishinggear,researcherssay.Femalesappeartohavethetoughesttimesurvivingtherangeofhumanandnaturalthreats.It'sthesechallengesscientistshopetoaddresswithagrowingmomentuminright-whaleresearch.【C3】______Conservationistsareworkingwithgovernmentsandtheshippingindustrytomoveorcontroltrafficonheavilyusedsealanesthatshipsandwhalesshare.Andrecentresearchisyieldingpotentiallyusefulinsightsintotheimpactoffactorsrangingfromwaterqualitytoshiftsinclimate."I'mnotmuchofaPollyannaj1canbeverygrumpyabouttheprogressofright-whalebiologyandconservation,"saysScottKraus,directorofresearchattheNewEnglandAquariuminBoston.But"inthenextcoupleofyearswe'regoingtoseeatremendousburstofverycreativescientificenergy"appliedtofundamentalbiologicalandecologicalquestionssurroundingthewhales."Whenthosequestionsgetanswered,we'regoingtohaveveryspecificideasaboutwhatmanagementstrategieswillreducemortalityandperhapsenhancereproduction,"hesays.【C4】______Inprinciple,preventing"twofemaledeathsayearwouldhaveamajorimpactontheprospectsforthepopulation,"saysHalCaswell,amarinezoologistattheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutioninWoodsHole,Mass.【C5】______From1500to1600,Basquewhalersdecimatedright-whalepopulationsintheeasternAtlantic,takinganestimated25,000to40,000.Inthelate1600s,bysomeaccounts,itwouldhavebeenpossibletowalkacrossCapeCodBayonthebacksofwhales.Butbythemid-1700s,NewEnglandershadtakenanother3,000,Mr.Kraussays.Bytheearly20thcentury,"onlyafewdozenwhalessurvivedinthewesternNorthAtlantic".[A]Iftheycansaveapopulationthissmall,thenitcouldboosthopesofsavingotherspeciesfromtheunintendedimpactofhumansontheenvironment.[B]Yetachievingthatmeansuntanglingawebofintertwinedhumanandenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetothewhales'plight.Theonefactorthatweighsmostheavilyishuman.[C]Inaddition,researchersareexploringanumberofacousticapproachestoavoidingship-whalecollisions.Onetechniquescientistshopetotestlaterthismonthinvolvestheuseofmooredbuoysthatusepassivesonarsystemstolistenforwhales.[D]Toanoutsider,thegoallooksdeceivinglywithinreach.Thepopulationissosmallthatitwouldtakeonlymodestpainsinsavingwhalestohelpturnthesituationaround.[E]Thatpopulationhadslowlyrebuilt.Overthepast20years,researchershavebuiltanimpressivecollectionof250,000photos—acatalogofsome460NorthAtlanticrightwhales.Eachanimalbearsuniquegrowthsofhardenedskin,orcallosities,inplaceswherehairwouldappearonhumans.Thecallositypatternsactasvisualtags,allowingresearcherstofollowthewhales'lifehistory.[F]Laterthismonth,forexample,researchersaresettotestnewapproachestotrackingtheelusivewhalesinhopesofalertingshipstotheirpresence.Meanwhile,chemistsandengineersaredevelopingwhale-friendlycommercial-fishinggear.[G]Bysomeestimates,ifcurrentpopulationtrendshold,thespecieswillvanishwithinthenext200years.1、【C1】标准答案：G知识点解析：本题位于首段末尾，应从上文获取信息。前文的大意是露脊鲸当前的生存状况不佳，包括他们的生活区域环境不佳，物种数量正在减少，濒临灭绝。由此可以判断空白处应与上文相衔接，与露脊鲸的数量有关。因此选项G应为最佳选项。2、【C2】标准答案：A知识点解析：本题位于第二段段末，应从上文获取信息。上文的大意是由于大量的科学研究的进行和新的研究方法的使用让科学家和自然资源保护学家看到了保护鲸鱼的希望：对露脊鲸，露脊鲸与环境的交互作用以及如何保护它们不受人类的危害有更多的了解。由此可以判断下文应与鲸鱼和动物的生存与发展有关。所以选项A为最佳选项。3、【C3】标准答案：F知识点解析：本题位于段首，可联系上下文获得答题线索。上文论述了露脊鲸死亡的主要原因是轮船的撞击和捕鱼设施造成的伤害。下文主要论述了自然资源保护学家正在就保护鲸鱼而采取的措施和行动。因此空白处的内容应与在轮船航行和捕鱼设施上采取的保护鲸鱼的行动有关，故选项F为最佳选项。4、【C4】标准答案：D知识点解析：本题位于段首，需联系上下文获得答题线索。上文大意为科学研究的发展对减少鲸鱼的死亡率，提高鲸鱼的繁殖能力这一目标的实现有较大影响。下文指出．研究表明防止雌性鲸鱼的死亡对保持鲸鱼数量有明显作用。由此可以判断段首空白部分的内容应与鲸鱼数量有关。选项D论述了外行人对于保护鲸鱼的看法，在外行人看来保持鲸鱼数量是轻而易举的，其实不然，这是从反面论证了保护鲸鱼数量的艰巨性，与上下文一致，故选项D为最佳选项。5、【C5】标准答案：B知识点解析：本题独立成段，可联系上下文获得答题线索。上文指出研究表明防止雌性鲸鱼的死亡对保持鲸鱼数量有明显作用。下文则论述了16世纪到20世纪鲸鱼数量在人类活动影响下的变化。可知本题内容应与人类活动对鲸鱼数量的影响有关。因此选项B为最佳选项。Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1~5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.ForBillGates,WarrenBuffettandmanyWallStreetnumber-crunchers,thedollarsuppliedoneofthenastiestsurprisesof2005.Theworld'stworichestmenandmostfinancial-marketseerspredictedthatthegreenbackwouldfalllastyear,draggeddownbyAmerica'scolossalcurrent-accountdeficit.Manyforecasterswerepredictingthattheeurowouldbuy$1.40-oddbynowandthatadollarwouldfetchlessthan￥100.【C1】______Againsttheeuroandyen,thegreenbackdidevenbetter.Itendedtheyearat$1.18pereuro,upby14%.DespiteawobbleinDecember,thedollarmadeasimilaradvanceagainsttheyen.Notsurprisingly,thepunditsaremorecautiousabout2006.Althoughmostexpectthegreenbacktoendthisyearweakerthanitbeganit,thetypicalforecastisthatanydeclinewillbefairlymodestandtakeplacemainlyinthelatterpartof2006.【C2】______TheFederalReserveraisedshort-terminterestrateseighttimesin2005,to4.25%.Japan,incontrast,kepttheliquiditytapsopenandinterestratesatzero,whiletheEuropeanCentralBankraisedratesonlyonce,inDecember,to2.25%.RelativelyhigherAmericaninterestratesbroughtforeigncapitalpouringintodollarassetsandpushedthecurrencyup.【C3】______ButasAmerica'stighteningcampaignlevelsoffandEuropeanor(maybe)Japaneseratesrise,thedollarwillweaken.TheConsensus,accordingtoarecentcompilationofforecastsbyReuters,suggeststhatthedollarcouldreach$1.25pereuroand￥108bytheendoftheyear.Judgedbythefirstfewdaysof2006,thoseforecastsmayprovetoosanguine.Thedollarsuffereditsbiggesttwo-daydropagainsttheeurointwoyears,andhitatwomonthlowof$1.21againsttheEuropeancurrencyonJanuary4th.【C4】______Aninterest-rategapthatwasmerelystableoughttoimplyaweakerdollar.Accordingtoeconomictheory,itisthewideningofinterest-ratedifferentialsthattemporarilystrengthenstheexchangerale.【C5】______Financialmarketsmayalsohavebecometooobsessedwiththeinfluenceofinterestratesoncurrencies.Historicallyinterest-ratedifferentialshavebeenlittlemoreusethananythingelseatpredictingshort-termmovementsinexchangerates.[A]Bythislogic,aslongasAmericaraisesratesfasterthanothers,thedollarwillstaystrong.[B]Theywereallwrong.AlthoughAmerica'scurrent-accountdeficitheadedtowards$800billionin2005,thedollarrose.Itwasupby3.5%againstabroadtrade-weightedbasketofcurrencies,thefirstriseinfouryears.[C]Overtime,aninternationaldifferenceininterestratesisoffsetbyadropinthecurrencywiththehigherinterestrate.[D]Chinaisyetanothercauseofuncertainty.Itseagerlyawaitedbutultimatelyminusculeexchange-rateshiftinJuly2005wasaboonforthedollarbecauseitdidnotsetintrainawiderrealignmentofAsiancurrencies.[E]Thatisbecausemostanalystsattributethedollar'srecentstrengthtowideningdifferencesbetweenAmerican,EuropeanandJapaneseinterestrates.Thesegapsareexpectedtogrowforafewmoremonthsbeforeclosingslightlylaterintheyear.[F]Analternativeviewisthattheexporters,likeothers,wereattractedbyrisingAmericaninterestrates.ArecentstudybytheBankforInternationalSettlements,forinstance,suggestedthatthecurrencycompositionofOPECmembers'depositshasbecomemoresensitivetointerest-ratedifferentials.[G]Onereasonisthatinvestorsarebecomingjitteryabouthowsoontheinterest-rategapmightstopgrowing.ThedollarswoonedafterthereleasethisweekoftheminutesoftheFed'sDecembermeeting,whichsuggestedthatshort-terminterestratesmightnotneedtogomuchhigher.6、【C1】标准答案：B知识点解析：本题位于段首，可联系上下文获得信息。文章开篇指出比尔·盖茨和沃伦·巴菲特以及诸多金融家们对美元贬值预言。下文指出美元的表现比预期的要好。可以判断空白部分与前文的预期相反，而选项B的大意为肯定了这些预言的错误，并描述了美元升值的具体表现，因此选项B为最佳选项。7、【C2】标准答案：E知识点解析：本文独立成段，需联系上下文确定选项。上文指出了金融家对美元市场的预测，美元将在2006年后半年发生疲软，但程度有限。下文美国、日本、欧洲对利率的调整，以及美国的利率政策推动了外资的增加和美元的升值。可以判断空白处内容应与美国、日本和欧洲的利率调整有关，且预期的持续时间应与前文对于美元的强劲势头持续的时间相符，故选项E为最佳选项。8、【C3】标准答案：A知识点解析：本题位于段首，可从下文获得答题信息。下文用BUT作为连接词，指出美国紧缩的政策达到稳定并且欧洲和日本的利率上扬也会导致美元疲软，可以判断BUT前的内容应与后面的内容相反，选项A则表达了美元一直保持强势的观点，与后面的内容相反，因此选项人为最佳选项。9、【C4】标准答案：G知识点解析：本题独立成段，可联系上下文获得信息。上文指出1月4日美元的汇率达到两年来最大跌幅。下文的大意为勉强维持平稳的利率差异预示着美元走向疲软，可以看出中间缺少分析造成美元下跌的原因。选项G则分析了美元下跌的原因之一，并且表明联邦储备局无意提高端起利率，与下文分析美元疲软相联系，故为最佳选项。10、【C5】标准答案：C知识点解析：本题位于段末，可从前文获得信息。前文指出，平稳的利率差异预示着美元走向疲软，根据经济学原理，只有利率差异扩大才能带来临时性的汇率走高。可以判断下文应与国际间利率差异的影响有关。选项C的大意为国际间利率差异将会由高利率货币的差异来弥补，与前文相关，故选项C为最佳选项。二、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Humanbeingshavetheuniqueabilitytoformulatepersonalgoalsforthemselves.Withoutthisformofpersonaldevelopment,theworldwouldnotbewhatitistoday.【F1】Havingdreamsgivesustheopportunitiestofindoutwhomweare,tofindwhatreallylaysbeneaththesurfaceoffleshandbone.Dreamscanchangeapersonandjustastheseasonschange,apersoncanchangetheirdreamsaswell.Whenonehasagoalsetinmind,heorsheshouldchaseitwithgusto.【F2】However,noteveryonestickstohisorherdreams,somejustgiveupentirelynotalwaysbecauseofchoice,butbecauseofthecircumstancessurroundingthem.Manypeoplegiveupontheirdreamsbecauseofprocrastination.【F3】Waitinguntilthelastminutetodosomethingisaterriblehabit,especiallyifthedreamorgoalisaonceinalifetimeopportunity.Nottosaythattherewon'tbeotherchances,butitisbettertoreapthespoilsofyourlaborthefirsttimearound.【F4】Procrastinationcanbebornwhenpeoplelookattheirdreamsinitsentiretyandtheybecomedisheartenedbecausetheirgoallooksdifficultandalottotakeinatonetime.Onecaneliminatethisfearbybreakingdowntheirgoalsintosegmentsandtacklingthesmallerpiecestomaketheprocesslessarduous.Afearofrejectionlieswithinallofus.Morespecifically,beingtold"no".Somepeopleletthisfearincapacitatetheirmindsandletittakeover.Whilerejectionisaterriblefeeling,weshouldn'tletitdictateourgoalsoraspirations.Itendtothinkthatrejectionisastepping-stonetoreachingourdreams.Besides,everythingdoesn'talwaysgoourwayallthetime,ifitdidthenitwouldn'tbecalledlife.Somepeople'sdreamsarereliantuponsupportfromfriendsandfamily.However,thesupportisnotalwaysthere.Manypeoplearenotblessedwithhavingothersthatofferashouldertoleanonintoughtimes.Thepathtofollowingone'sgoalscanbehardattimesandwillrequiremorethanonepersontomakethedreamintoareality.Therearepeoplethatwillgiveupontheirdreamsbecauseofthis.Thisgoeshand-in-handwithhavinglowself-esteemoralackofconfidenceinone'sabilitytosucceed.【F5】Losingsightofone'sdreamsisoneofthemostregrettablemistakesapersoncanevermake.Thatiswhyweshouldpushonandbelieveinourselvesthatwecanattainanygoalwechooseto,nomatterhowfarawayitseems.11、【F1】标准答案：有理想。我们就有机会弄清自己，弄清本质。知识点解析：暂无解析12、【F2】标准答案：然而，并非每个人都能坚守自己的理想。有些人完全放弃了，并不总是出于选择，而是环境所致。知识点解析：暂无解析13、【F3】标准答案：直到最后一分钟才开始行动，这是可怕的不良习惯。如果理想或目标一生只有一次实现的机会，则更是如此。这并不是说，今后没有别的机会了，而是说，最好尽早收获自己的劳动成果。知识点解析：暂无解析14、【F4】标准答案：人们全面考虑自己的远大理想时，会感到灰心丧气，因为任务太艰巨，一下子要解决的问题太多。此时，就可能变得懈怠，办事拖拖拉拉。一个人可以通过分解他们的目标为部分和处理小块目标使这一进程的艰辛程度得以减轻来消除这种恐惧。知识点解析：暂无解析15、【F5】标准答案：失去理想是人可能会犯的一个最大错误。这就是为什么我们应该奋力向前并且相信我们自己，无论选定的目标看起来多么遥不可及，我们都能实现。知识点解析：暂无解析Thefundamentalfactofourtimeisthegradualencroachmentofprincipledindividualism,orunregulatedpersonalfreedom,intoallareasofourlives.Everymoralandcommunalcertainty,exceptthosethatcanbejustifiedthroughcontractandconsent,hasheentransformedintoaquestion.Everyhumanattachmentseemsbasicallyvoluntary.Thegreatinstitutionsthatshapethecharacterofhumanbeings-thefamily,thechurch,thecommunity,andthecountryareweakenedandstilleroding.【F1】Youngpeoplewhohavegrownupinthisculturalenvironmentaredeprivedofwhatittakestodevelopfirmmoralbearings,and,withthem,asenseofpurpose.Newstudentsarriveatcollegenotknowingwhotheyareorwhattheirlivesarefor.【F2】Professors,meanwhile,usedtobelievetheirprimaryresponsibilitywastoshapesouls:topassonthetruthsembeddedinareligioustraditionorothermoralcodethatshouldthoughtfullydefinethelivesofeducatedmenandwomen.【F3】Attheveryleast,theybelievedtheyhadtoopenstudents'eyestothevariedformsofhumanexcellencedisplayedinthegreatestworksofphilosophyandliterature:thesaint,thesage,thepoet,thewarrior,theinventor,theentrepreneur,thescientist,thestatesman.Bymeansofthesemodelsofhumangreatness,professorscouldofferguidancetostudentsdiscerningwhotheyareandwhattheywanttodo.But,arrivingatcollegewithcharactersalreadyformed,thosestudentswerelessinneedofdirectionthanarestudentstoday.Inthosedays,therealexperienceofprofessorswasoftenakindofblitheirresponsibilitythatcamewithmoralimpotence.Theycouldsaywhattheywantedwithoutthefearofdoingmuchharm,ormuchgood.【F4】Inmanycases,students1bought(withgoodreason)thattheirprofessorswerebasicallyreinforcingwhattheyalreadyknewfrommorefirsthand,ornotmerelybookish,communalexperience.Collegeseemstohaveinheritedthejobthatreligionusedtodo.【F5】Today'scollegesattheirsecularbest—at,say,GreatBooksschoolslikeSt.John'sapproacheducationbyarticulatingperennialquestionsofhumanidentityandpurpose.ButeventheGreatBooksmodelofeducationhasmorphedintoacelebrationofthequestionsintheabsenceofrealanswers.WhocanbesatisfiedwithmerelyrevelinginSocraticindecisionaboutwhoweareandwhattodo?GreatBookseducationseemstopresentuswiththealternativesofbeingaself-knowingphilosopherorlosingoneselfineitherfundamentalistdogmatismoraimlessrelativism.Butthesearcherneitherneedsnorwantstobetoldthatthepointoflifeissearching.16、【F1】标准答案：在这样的文化环境中成长起来的年轻人被剥夺了培养坚定的道德意识和生活目的感所需要的条件。知识点解析：暂无解析17、【F2】标准答案：而且，教授们过去通常认为，他们的首要职责是塑造灵魂：传播有教养的人生所必需的、在宗教传统或道德准则中所蕴含的真理。知识点解析：暂无解析18、【F3】标准答案：至少，他们相信，他们必需开阔学生眼界，让他们了解伟大的哲学和文学著作中所记述的各类杰出人物：圣徒、贤人、诗人、勇士、发明家、企业家、科学家和政治家。知识点解析：暂无解析19、【F4】标准答案：在很多情况下，学生们(有充分理由)认为，教授们只是在强调他们已经知道的东西，那主要是从社会经验，而不是仅从书本中学到的。知识点解析：暂无解析20、【F5】标准答案：如今，普通教育中最优秀的学院，比如，像圣约翰学院这样的“巨作”制度学院，都是通过探讨人性和人生目的这永恒话题而施行教育的。知识点解析：暂无解析考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)PublichealthofficialsgrapplingwiththeobesityepidemichavedebatedawiderangeofapproachestohelpingslimtheAmericanwaistline.Tosomedegree,everythingfrombuildingmoresidewalkstobanningchocolatemilkhasbeenexplored.Yetfewtacticshavebeenaspolarizingasthepossibilityofintroducingtariffsontreats.Despiteendorsementfromseveralrespectedobesityresearchersandpoliticians,sodataxes,forexample,havebeensubjecttoseverescrutiny,ascriticsprotestedthatimplementingataxbeforeverifyingthatitwouldachievetheendresultwasshortsightedandpotentiallyoverreaching.So,inattempttodeterminejusthowsintaxesmightimpactpeople'sfoodchoices,psychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoputjunkfoodleviestothetest—inthelab.Researchersrecruitedshopperstoexaminetheaislesofamocksupermarketfilledwith68commonfoodslabeledwithnutritionalinformation.Participantsweregivenapredeterminedamountofcash,andweretoldtousethatmoneytopurchaseaweek'sworthofgroceriesforafamily.Thefirsttime,alloftheproductsontheshelveswerepricedinkeepingwithlocalsupermarkets.Insubsequenttrips,however,junkfoodwastaxed—anadditional12.5%,then25%—orhealthierfoodsweresubsidizedtoreducecost.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,revealedthattaxesweremoreeffectiveatgettingpeopletoavoidcertainproductsthansubsidieswereatpromptinghealthierfoodpurchases.Inscenarioswherejunkfoodsweretaxed,studyparticipantsgenerallycameawaywithalowercalorictotalfortheirgroceries,andahigherratioofproteintofatsandcarbohydrates.Yet,insituationswherehealthyfoodsweresubsidized,thesavingswereoftenspentonadditionaljunkfood.Thatis,insteadofstockinguponmorefruitsandvegetablesbecausetheywerecheaper,thestudy'sshoppersboughttheirvegetables,andthenusedtheleftovercashtobringhomeextratreatslikechipsandsoda.Intheend,thesubsidies—onlyscenariosresultedinhighertotalcaloriecounts,anddidn'tresultinoverallnutritionalimprovementontheweek'sgroceries.Becausethescenarioishypothetical,thefindingscertainlyshouldn'tbetakenasthefinalwordinthesintaxdebate,theresearchersstress,butshouldinsteadbeusedtoinformtheongoingdiscussionaboutpracticalwaystobattleobesity.Tothatend,theysay,thenextstepshouldberesearchtodeterminewhethertheseresultswouldbereplicatedintherealworld.1、ItissuggestedinthefirstparagraphthatobesityhasA、arousedextensiveconcern.B、affectedinfrastructurenationwide.C、beenanalyzedfrompoliticalaspect.D、ledtomanypolarizingopinions.标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第一段。该段首句讲到许多官员对如何使美国人瘦下来进行了讨论，可知肥胖问题引起了人们的广泛关注，故A项为正确答案。2、PsychologistsfromtheUniversityofBuffalodecidedtoexperimentonjunkfoodtaxinordertoA、testwhetheritwouldinterferewithfoodoption.B、findthebestwaytocurbtheobesityepidemic.C、determinehowpolarizingthesolutionwas.D、examinevariouspossibilitiesoffoodchoices.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第一段最后一句话。由该句inattemptto后的内容可知，研究的目的是为了确定对垃圾食品征税对人们选择食品有多大影响。故A项正确。3、Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheexperiment?A、Participantswereaskedtochoosefrom68nutritionalitems.B、Participantswererecruitedtobuythingsfromalocalsupermarket.C、Junkfoodsweretaxed;meanwhilehealthieronesweresubsidized.D、Thereweredifferentscenariosforsubjectstoparticipatein.标准答案：D知识点解析：是非判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段。根据文章可知，实验先让模拟超市价格与实际情况相同，然后在后续的对比试验中(insubsequenttrips)对有些货品征税或实行补贴，由此可知实验设置了不同的情境，D项符合题意。4、ThestudypublishedinPsychologicalScienceshowedthatA、subsidieswouldpromotehealthierfoodpurchases.B、comparedwithsubsidies,taxesseemedtooperatemoreeffectively.C、bothtaxesandsubsidieswouldgreatlyaffectpeople’sfoodchoice.D、taxeswillhelpshopperstostockuponmorefruitsandvegetables.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第三段。由文章可知，征税比补贴对人们健康饮食更有效，故B项正确。5、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheresearchersmostlikelyagree?A、Resultsoftheexperimentplayedavitalroleinthesintaxdebate.B、Moresubjectsshouldbeincludedinsimilarresearches.C、Thoughhypothetical,theresearchwasstillmeaningful.D、Therealsituationwillprovidebetterwaystotackleobesity.标准答案：C知识点解析：观点态度题。根据题干定位到文章最后一段。由文章可知，虽然此研究是假设的，但研究人员认为需要让人们知道这一结果。说明这一研究发现还是有意义的，故C项正确。Suicide,proclaimedAlbertCamus,aFrenchAlgerianauthor,philosopher,andjournalist,in"TheMythofSisyphus",istheonlyseriousphilosophicalproblem.InFranceatthemomentitisalsoaseriousmanagementproblem.A.seriesofattemptedandsuccessfulsuicidesatFranceTelecom—manyofthemexplicitlypromptedbytroublesatwork—hassparkedanationaldebateaboutlifeinthemoderncorporation.Therearesomeinsularreasonsforthismelancholytrend.FranceTelecomismakingthedifficulttransitionfromstatemonopolytomultinationalcompany.Ithasshed22,000jobssince2006,buttwo-thirdsoftheremainingworkersenjoycivil-service-likejob-security.Thisisforcingittopursueatoxicstrategy:teachingoldcivilservantsnewtrickswhileatthesametimeputtingnewhiresonshort-termcontracts.YettheproblemisnotconfinedtoFrance.Andsuicideisonlythetipofanicebergofwork-relatedunhappiness.Themostobviousreasonfortheriseinunhappinessistherecession,whichisdestroyingjobsatastartlingrateandspreadinganxietythroughouttheworkforce.Buttherecessionisalsohighlightinglonger-termproblems.Unhappinessseemstobeparticularlycommonincarcompanies,whichsufferfromglobalovercapacity,andtelecomscompanies,whicharebeingstronglyimpactedbyatechnofogi-calrevolution.Asecondsourceofmiseryisthedrivetoimproveproductivity,whichistypicallyaccompaniedbyanobsessionwithmeasuringperformance.Giantretailersuse"workforcemanagement"softwaretomonitorhowmanysecondsittakestoscanthegoodsinagrocerycart,andthenrewardthemostdiligentworkerswithprimeworkinghours.Thepublicsector,particularlyinBritain,isbrimmingwithinspectoratesandperformancetargets.Taylorism,whichCharlieChaplinmockedsomemorablyin"ModernTimes",hasspreadfromtheindustrialtothepost-industrialeconomy.InJapansomefirmsevenmonitorwhethertheiremployeessmilefrequentlyenoughatcustomers.Amoresubtleproblemliesinthemixedmessagesthatcompaniessendaboutloyaltyandcommitment.Manyfirms—particularlysuccessfulones—demandextraordinarydedicationfromtheiremployees.Someprovidefringebenefitsthatareintendedtomaketheofficefeellikeasecondhome.Butcompaniesalsoreservetherighttotrimtheirworkforceatthefirstsignoftrouble.Mostemployeesunderstandthattheirfirmsdonotfeelmuchresponsibilitytoprotectjobs.Buttheyneverthelessfinditwrenchingtoleaveapostthathasconsumedsomuchoftheirlives.6、AlbertCamusismentionedtoA、showsuicideistheonlyseriousphilosophicalproblem.B、indicatethatFranceisnowsufferingfromahighsuicidalrate.C、introducethetopicofunhappinessatworkbystartingwithsuicide.D、showthatsuicidehaspromptedgreatdebatesamongphilosophers.标准答案：C知识点解析：例证细节题。根据人名AlbertCamus可快速定位到第一段。文章首句引用Albert的话指出自杀是“哲学”问题：第二句是过渡句。指出自杀在法国成了“管理”问题从而引出下文关于lifeinthemodemcorporation(第一段末)乃至work-relatedunhappiness(第二段末)的讨论。可见，文章引用Albert的话是为了引出全文的主题，故选C。7、AccordingtoParagraph2,"atoxicstrategy"denotesA、thetrainingoftheremainingworkerstotakeupcivil-service-likejobs.B、theoldandnewemployees’differentiatingworkingcontract.C、thedifficulttransitionfromstatemonopolytointernationalcompany.D、thecrueldismissalofone-thirdofitsoriginalworkingforces.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节理解题。根据题干直接定位到第二段。该段第四句冒号后的内容具体解释了toxicstrategy的内容，该策略是让老员工学习新技能，给新员工短期合同。而上句提到这些老员工享受的是公务员般的工作保障(civil-service-likejob-security)，言下之意即这些人拥有稳定的工作，这与新员工的short-termcontracts形成鲜明对比。由此可知，该公司区别对待新老员工，故B正确。8、Intheauthor’sopinion,recessionisA、onlythetipofanicebergofthecauseofsuicide.B、thecauseofsomeseriouslonger-termproblems.C、greatlyimpactedbyglobaleconomicchanges.D、theevidentcauseofincreasedworkingunhappiness.标准答案：D知识点解析：观点态度题。根据recession定位到第三段。该段首句即指出工作不愉快现象增加的最显著的原因(Themostobviousreason)就是经济衰退，由此可判断D项正确。9、Theword"Taylorism"(Line5,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeansA、improvingproductivitythroughperformanceevaluation.B、settingperformancetargetsbasedonworkforcemanagementsoftware.C、providingextrastimulationtoemployeesduringworkinghours.D、monitoringwhetheremployeessmilefrequentlyenough.标准答案：A知识点解析：词义推测题。解答本题需结合第四段的大意。本段是典型的“总一分”结构。该段首句指出工作不愉快情绪也来自雇主对提高生产率的追求，同时会伴随着对员工工作表现的考核(measuringperformance)，第二、三句及末句则举出具体例子来支持首句的论点。故第四句提到的Taylorism应该与雇主这种为提高生产率而对员工的表现进行评估的行为相关，A项中的improvingproductivity复现原文原词，perfoxmanceevaluation与measuringperformance为同义复现。10、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?A、Suicidemightbeaneasysolutiontosomeworkingproblems.B、Firmsdemanddevotionfromworkerswhilereservingtherighttofire.C、Mostworkersknowthattheircompanieswillprotecttheirjobsecurity.D、Employeesmayleavetheiroriginalpoststoseekmorehappiness.标准答案：B知识点解析：是非理解题。根据最后一段第二句及第四句可知，公司对员工的奉献的要求极高，但同时并不能保证员工能保住工作，B项中的devotion与第二句中的dedication同义，fire与第四句中的trimtheirwork-force同义，故为正确答案。Startingthismonth,roughlyonequarteroftheworld'spopulationwilllosesleepandgainsunlightastheysettheirclocksaheadfordaylightsaving.Peoplemaythinkthatwiththetimeshift,theyareconservingelectricityotherwisespentonlighting.Butrecentstudieshavecastdoubtontheenergyargument—someresearchhasevenfoundthatitultimatelyleadstogreaterpoweruse.BenjaminFrankliniscreditedwithconceivingtheideaofdaylightsavingin1784toconservecandles,buttheU.S.didnotinstituteituntilWorldWarIasawaytopreserveresourcesforthewareffort.Thefirstcomprehensivestudyofitseffectivenessoccurredduringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,whentheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationfoundthatdaylightsavingtrimmednationalelectricityusagebyroughly1percentcomparedwithstandardtime.Scantresearchhadbeendonesince,duringwhichtimeU.S.electricityusagepatternshavechangedasairconditioningandhouseholdelectronicshavebecomemorepervasive,observeseconomistMatthewKotchenoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.Butlately,changestodaylightsavingpoliciesonstateandfederallevelshavepresentedinvestigatorsnewchancestoexplorethebefore-and-afterimpactsoftheclockshift.In2006Indianainstituteddaylightsavingstatewideforthefirsttime.Examiningelectricityusageandbillingsincethestatewidechange,KotchenandhiscolleagueLauraGrantunexpectedlyfoundthatdaylighttimeledtoa1percentoverallriseinresidentialelectricityuse,costingthestateanextra$9million.Althoughdaylighttimereducesdemandforhouseholdlighting,theresearcherssuggesttha