考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷3（共185题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷3（共9套）（共185题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（补全短文）(本题共15题，每题1.0分，共15分。)Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.Therearetwokinds.Oneisthefamiliar"tombstone"thatlistswhereyouwenttoschoolandwhereyou'veworkedinchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe"functional"resume—descriptive,funtoread,uniquetoyouandmuchmorelikelytolandyouaninterview.It'shandytohavea"tombstone"forcertainoccasions.Butprospectiveemployersthrowawaymostofthoseunrequested"tombstone"lists,preferringtointerviewthequickratherthanthedead.Whatfollowsaretipsonwritingafunctionalresumethatwillgetread—aresumethatmakesyoucomealiveandlookinterestingtoemployers.(1)Putyourselffirst:Inordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwithenthusiasm,youhavetofeelimportantaboutyourself.(2)Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare:Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsandachievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.Tootyourownhorn!Manypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.Somethinktheyhavenoneatall!Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbetheticketanemployerwouldbegladtopunch—ifonlyyoushowit.(3)Bespecific,beconcrete,andbebrief!Rememberthat"brevityisthebestpolicy."(4)Turnbadnewsintogood:Everybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,lookforthepositiveside.(5)Neverapologize:Ifyou'vereturningtotheworkforceafterfifteenyearsasaparent,simplywriteashortparagraph(summaryofbackground)inplaceofachronologyofexperience.Don'tapologizeforworkingatbeingamother;it'sthehardestjobofall.Ifyouhavenospecialtrainingorhighereducation,justdon'tmentioneducation.Howtoprepareyourself:Thesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustartwritingaboutyourself.Takefourorfivehoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,andsimplywritedowneveryaccomplishmentinyourlife,onoroffthejob,thatmadeyoufeeleffective.Don'tworryatfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.Studythelistandtrytospotpatterns.Asyoustudyyourlist,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:identifyingyourmarketableskills.Onceyoudiscoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterofaccomplishments(leadershipskills,budgetmanagementskills,childdevelopmentskillsetc.)Trytolistatleastthreeaccomplishmentsunderthesameskillsheading.Nowstartwritingyourresumeasifyoumattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveralweeks,beforeyou'vereadytoshowittoastranger(friendsareusuallytookind)forareaction.Whenyou'vesatisfied,sendittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiortophotocopies.Itshowsanemployerthatyouregardjobhuntingasseriouswork,worthdoingright.Isn'tthatthekindofpersonyou'dwantworkingforyou?[A]Awomanwholostherjobasateacher'saideduetoacutbackingovernmentfundingwrote:"Principalofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteacher'saideshewouldrehireifgovernmentfundsbecameavailable."[B]OneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:"invitedbymysuperiortostraightenoutourorganization'saccountsreceivable.Setuporderlyrepaymentschedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,andimprovedcashflow100percent.Rewardedwithraiseandpromotion."Noticehowthiswomanfocusesonresults,specifieshowsheaccomplishedthem,andmentionsherreward—allin34words.[C]Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoneymanagementskills.[D]Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosinganopportunityduetothestatement"Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated".[E]Oneofmyformercolleagues,forexample,wroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinordertofindoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theonethathighlightsskillsandeducationbackground.[F]Awomanoncetoldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisheremployerhadfaced.She'dagreedtoworkwithoutpayforthreemonthsuntilbusinessimproved.Herrewardwasherbackpayplusa20percentbonus.Iaskedwhythatmarvelousstorywasn'tinherresume.Sheanswered,"Itwasn'timportant."Whatshewasreallysayingofcoursewas"I'mnotimportant."1、标准答案：F知识点解析：此处小标题为“Putyourselffirst(首先要重视自己)”。下面的句子进行了解释：为了写一份他人都有兴致阅读的简历，你必须要重视自己。作者举例说明这一点，可能从正面角度，也可能从反面角度。F就是从反面说明了第一个观点。作者通过例子说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人别人又怎么会重视呢?2、标准答案：C知识点解析：此处小标题为“Sellwhatyoucando，notwhoyouare(推销你能做什么，而不是你是谁)”。下面的文字进一步说明：试着将你的个性特质、性格、成果和成就融入进技能领域．在职场中至少有5000种技能领域。言外之意就是，你总能找出一种自己擅长的技能。文后的例子中只有C项最贴切：例如，你有一种储蓄、管理和投资的天赋，那么你就拥有理财的技能。3、标准答案：B知识点解析：此处小标题为“Bespecific，beconcrete，andbrief!(明确、具体、简洁!)”。下文接着说：简洁就是王道。B项用一个成功的例子说明了这点，一位女士仅用了34个词就呈现了她获得的成果与奖励。4、标准答案：A知识点解析：此处小标题为"Turnbadnewsintogood(将坏消息变成好消息)"。这不是要让人颠倒黑白，下面解释道：每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意之处。如果要提到这些事，那么要从积极、正面的角度去看。A项就是一个正面的例子。一个女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇。这似乎不大光彩，但是这位女士谈起此事时却用了另一个角度，“校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是我”，字里行间洋溢着自信。5、标准答案：D知识点解析：此处小标题为"Neverapologize(永远不要道歉)"。下面的文字举例说明道：要扬长避短。每个人都有短处，没有必要为自己的短处羞愧。求职就是要让雇主看到自己的闪光点，个人简历不是进行道歉的地方。D项以一个失败的例子说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友说他求职时遭到了歧视，因为他的简历中写了“好学，但教育程度不高”。Moulexisaworld-leadingmanufacturerofhomeappliances.With30yearsofrichexperience,weproduceandsellthemostreliableanduser-friendlyironsforourcustomersallovertheworld.Beforeyouenjoyourgreatproduct,pleaseensurethatbasicsafetyprecautionsbefollowedandallinstructionsbereadcarefully.(l)Fillingthereservoir:Yourironisdesignedtofunctionusingtapwater.However,itwilllastlongerifyouusedistilledwater.(2)Temperatureandsteamcontrol:YourMoulexironhastwobuttonswhichcontroltheintensityofheatproducedbytheiron.Youcan,therefore,adjustthetemperatureoftheironandtheamountofsteambeinggivenoffdependinguponthetypeoffabricbeingironed.-Turnthesteamcontroltothedesiredintensity.-Turnthethermostatcontroltothedesiredtemperature.(3)Pressingbutton:Important:Donotusethismorethanfivesuccessivetimes.(4)Suitscreaseerasing:Itispossibletousethisironinaverticalpositionsothatyoucanremovecreasesfromclothesoncoathangersorfromcurtains.Turningthethermostatcontrolandthesteambuttontomaximum,holdtheironinaverticalpositionclosetothefabricbutwithouttouchingit.Holddownthepressingbuttonforamaximumofonesecond.Thesteamproducedisnotalwaysvisiblebutisstillabletoremovecreases.(5)Auto-clean:Inorderthatyourirondoesnotbecomefurredup,Moulexhaveintegratedanauto-cleansystemandweadviseyoutouseitveryregularly(1-2timespermonth.)[A]Turnthesteamcontroltotheoffposition.Fillthereservoirandturnthethermostatcontroltomaximum.Assoonastheindicatorlightgoesout,unplugtheironand,holditoverthesink,turnthesteamcontroltoauto-clean.Anycalciumdepositswillbewashedoutbythesteam.Continuetheprocedureuntilthereservoirisempty.[B]Ifyourironproducesdropletsofwaterinsteadofgivingoffsteam,yourtemperaturecontrolissettoolow.[C]Alwaysunplugtheironbeforefillingthereservoir.Alwaysemptythereservoirafteruse.[D]Thisbuttonactivatesasupershotofsteamwhichmomentarilygivesyouanadditional40gofsteam,whenneeded.[E]Thisbuttonactivatesajetofcoldwaterwhichallowsyoutoironoutanyunintentionalcreases.Pressthebuttonforonesecond.[F]Holdtheironatasufficientdistancefromsilkandwooltoavoidallriskofscorching.Donotattempttoremovecreasesfromanitemofclothingthatisbeingworn,alwaysuseacoathanger.6、标准答案：C知识点解析：此处标题为"Fillingthereservoir(注满储水器)”。纵观六个选项，只有A项与C项有reservoir一词出现。再看下面的解释性文字：您的熨斗是为使用自来水而设计。然而，如果您使用蒸馏水，它将能持续更长时间。只有C项与“储水器”、“注水”有关，因此此处选C项，说明给储水器注水的注意事项。7、标准答案：B知识点解析：此处标题为"Temperatureandsteamcontrol(温度和蒸汽控制)"。剩下的A、B、D、E、F五个选项中，steam与temperature同时出现的只有B项。再回到文中看下面的文字，都是解释熨斗有两个按钮来调节蒸汽与温度到所需强度的，B项是说如果熨斗产生的是水滴而不是水蒸气，那么是温度设置太低。是对“温度和蒸汽控制”的举例说明，因此选B项。8、标准答案：D知识点解析：此处标题为“Pressingbutton(‘按下’按钮)”。剩下的A、D、E、F四个选项中，只有D、E两项有thisbutton出现，很明显是对这个Pressingbutton的解释，但是，标题之后的解释性文字“连续使用此按钮不要超过五次”提供不了解题线索，因此可以放置一边，先做下一题，回过头来再选答案。9、标准答案：F知识点解析：此处标题为“Suitscreaseerasing(适合消除褶皱)”。在剩下的选项中，只有F项出现了removecreases能对标题做出解释，因此选F项，是讲熨平褶皱需要注意的事项。原文标题下面的文字中有holdtheiron…closetothefabricbutwithouttouchingit(将熨斗靠近织物但是不要触碰)也与F项中的holdtheironatasufficientdistancefromsilkandwool(将熨斗与丝和羊毛织物保持足够距离)前后呼应，说明F为正确选项。文中接下来提到holddownthepressingbutton…Thesteamproduced…，由此可以推断出按下pressingbutton后，熨斗会产生蒸汽。回到第3题，看D、E两项，D项提到thisbuttonactivatesasupershotofsteam(pressingbutton会产生超强蒸汽流)，而E项说thisbuttonactivatesajetofcoldwater(pressingbutton会喷出一股冷水)，很明显D项正确，因此第3题选D项。10、标准答案：A知识点解析：做到此题的时候，只剩下了A项与E项。此处标题为“Auto-clean(自动清洁)”，下文中提到建议要经常使用auto-cleansystem，因此所填选项应该讲auto—cleansystem怎么用。A项中也出现了auto-clean一词，并且恰恰是说自动清洁系统的使用方法。而且A项提到anycalciumdepositswillbewashedoutbythesteam(蒸汽会除掉任何钙质沉积物)，与原文中的inorderthatyourirondoesnotbecomefurredup(为了防止您的熨斗生垢)前后呼应，说明自动清洁系统经常使用可以防止熨斗生垢，因此A项正确。[A]SetaGoodExampleforYourKids[B]BuildYourKids'WorkSkills[C]PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivities[D]TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis[E]HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategies[F]HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre[G]BuildYourKids'SenseofResponsibilityMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob'sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult'sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall"work-lifeuneasiness".【C1】______Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.【C2】______Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels—asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying"Ihavenoidea."Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.【C3】______Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.【C4】______Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.【C5】______Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)whilebecomingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.11、【C1】标准答案：F知识点解析：本题所在的段落共有三句话。第一句告诉我们对象的年龄是1l岁或12岁；第二句是说要定期的帮助孩子反思自己的优缺点，扬长避短；第三句是补充说明，帮孩子找出他们的兴趣点。也就是说家长们应当帮助孩子认识自我，从而让孩子在未来职业选择中扬长避短。因此F项“帮助孩子了解自己”为正确选项。12、【C2】标准答案：D知识点解析：本题所在的段落共有五句话。第一句是说孩子需要大量真实的人物模范；第二、三、四句是说要经常跟孩子讨论未来并积极鼓励他们：最后一句话是说对未来的清晰认识更有益于他们的成长和发展。所以很明显本段在讨论经常讨论未来，才更有益孩子发展。因此D项“定期谈论关于未来的话题”为正确选项。13、【C3】标准答案：B知识点解析：本题共有四句话。第一句是说老师和家长有责任教孩子学习和工作；第二、三、四句是说孩子需要做家庭作业、做兼职、大量练习组织管理等技能。所以本题的核心思想是帮助孩子形成工作技能。因此B项“增强孩子的工作技能”为正确选项。14、【C4】标准答案：C知识点解析：本题所在段落共有四句话。前三句话是说玩视频游戏、看电视、耳机听单调音乐不仅浪费大量时间，而且对孩子无益。最后一句是说上面这些活动阻碍了孩子交际和思考能力的发育，同时影响着孩子的注意力。所以作者想要表达的是休闲时间应该有所限制，而不应该沉溺、放纵其中。因此C项“对业余活动时间加以限制”为正确选项。15、【C5】标准答案：E知识点解析：本题所在段落共有三句话。前两句作者连续采用了“theyshould…”并列结构来强调学会处理解决问题的能力的重要性。第三句是对第二句的补充，建议多在家讨论是不错的方式。因此E项“帮助孩子培养应对策略”为正确选项。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Thesweetconfectionknownaschocolateisconsumedtothedelightofmillionsworldwideeveryday.Fewofthosesweet-toothednibblersfullyappreciatethelongprocessbywhichchocolateisbroughttotheirmouths,however.Withanillustrioushistory,thestoryofchocolateisafascinatingone,almostrivalingitstastefortheattentionofitsfans.Thedarktreat'slifebeginsintheformofthedark,pulpyseedsofthecocoatree,knownaschocolatebeans.TheMayansofSouthernMexicoharvestedthesebeanstoproduceabitterdrink,markingthemasthefirsttoconsumechocolate.Thefirstwesternertoencounterchocolate,however,wasnoneotherthanChristopherColumbus,whodiscoveredanabandonedcanoeintheAmericancontainingvarioustradinggoods,includingtheaforementionedchocolatebeans,onAugust15,1502.AfterHernandoCortezencounteredtheMayansandtheircuriousdrink,chocolatequicklybecamepopularamongthenobilityinEurope,whosweeteneditwithsugar.In1882,chocolatepioneerConradJ.VonHoutenearnedthedistinctionofbeingtheinventorofsolidchocolatewhenhepulverizedthebeanstocreateapowder,whichcouldthenbemixedtocreateasolidform.VonHouten'sinnovationmadechocolateevenmorepopular,allowingittospreadtothemasses,particularinEngland,whichwasmoreegalitarianthanmostotherEuropeannations.Solidchocolatetookoff,neverlookingback,andhasyettoslowdownatall.Thehealthimplicationsofeatingchocolatearevaried,dependingonwhichreportsonechoosestoread.Ingeneral,mostofthenegativepressthatchocolatehasreceivedovertheyearshasbeenrefuted.Theclaimthatconsumingchocolateproducesacnehasbeendisprovedinrecentyears,andithasevenbeenconcludedinsomestudiesthateatingchocolatecancontributetopreventingheartdisease.Astowhychocolateloversseemsohappy,sciencehasprovidedsomeinsightintothatquestionaswell.Ithasbeendeterminedthatchocolatecontainscertainelementssuchascaffeinethatincreasetheproductionofanandamides,thechemicalproducedbythebodythatmakesusfeelgood.Further,otherchemicalscontainedinchocolatehavebeenproventoinhibitthebreakdownofthoseanandamides,makingthegoodfeelinglastlonger.1、Themainpurposeofthistextisto______.A、convincethereaderofthebeneficialeffectsofconsumingchocolateB、educatethereaderonthehistoryofchocolateC、informthereaderonthedevelopmentofchocolateanditscontinuedstudytodayD、scientificallyexaminetheimplicationsofchocolateconsumptioninthepastandatpresent标准答案：C知识点解析：属主旨思想题。文章第一段第二、三句指出：这些喜爱吃甜食的人当中很少有人充分认识到巧克力在人口之前经历的漫长过程。巧克力曾经有过辉煌的历史，它的故事很吸引人……。第二、三段详细介绍了巧克力的发展史；第四、五段介绍了有关巧克力的研究发现。由此可知，本文的主要目的是告诉读者有关巧克力的历史与研究发现。因此，选项C正确。选项A是文章最后两段的内容，不能概括全文；选项B是第二、三段的内容，也不全面；选项D的内容在最后一段提及，不能概括全文。2、Thehealtheffectsofeatingchocolatearediscussedinparagraph4soasto______.A、persuadethereaderthateatingchocolateisnotharmfulB、informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofthestudyofchocolate’shealtheffectsC、refuteclaimsthatchocolateconsumptionisbadforone’shealthD、advocatethepositionthatchocolateisbeneficialtohealth标准答案：C知识点解析：属信息推断题。相关信息在第四段第二句：从总体来看，这些年来大多数关于巧克力的负面评论都遭到了驳斥。下文是举例说明，由此可知，选项C正确，探讨吃巧克力对健康的影响，目的就是反驳吃巧克力对人体健康不利的主张)。选项A、D与本句的意思不符：只有大多数有关巧克力的负面评论被驳斥，这不能肯定地说明吃巧克力就没有害处。选项B与本段最后一句不符，句中使用了现在完成时态hasbeen和时间状语inrecentyears，由此可推断这些都是最近几年的研究发现，并不是现在的。3、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.A、asstudiescontinue,morepositivehealtheffectsrelatedtoconsumingchocolatewillbediscoveredB、inthepast,consumingchocolatewasconsideredbadforone’shealthC、thehistoryofchocolateextendsevenfurtherthanwhatispresentlyknownD、eatingchocolateconstantlywillresultinsustained,long-termhappiness标准答案：B知识点解析：属信息推断题。通过第四段第一、二句：关于吃巧克力与健康的密切关系有不同的说法，……这些年来，大多数有关巧克力的负面评论都遭到了驳斥，可推断选项B正确(过去，人们认为吃巧克力对身体有害)。选项A在文中没有推理依据；选项C与第二段内容不符，该段非常肯定地说明了巧克力的历史；选项D中的constantly和sustained无法从文中推出。4、VonHouten’scontributiontothedevelopmentofchocolateisimportantbecauseit______.A、producedchocolateinaformneverseenbeforeB、increasedthemarketabilityofchocolateasaconsumergoodC、improvedthetasteofchocolateD、madechocolateavailabletomorepeople,speedingitsgrowth标准答案：D知识点解析：属信息归纳题。题目中的关键词VonHouten出现在第三段第二、三、四句：1882年，巧克力的先驱康拉德·J·凡·胡腾因为发明了固体巧克力而成名……他的革新使巧克力更加受人欢迎，还使它深入到了平民尤其是英格兰的平民当中，……此后从没有出现过停滞，也没有降温的迹象。由此可知，选项D正确。选项A不是主要原因；选项B只是部分原因；选项C在文中没有提到。5、Allofthefollowingwereassertedbytheauthortobepositivecharacteristicsofchocolateexcept______.A、anillustrioushistoryB、inarguablypositivehealthbenefitsC、delicioustasteD、positiveeffectsonhappiness标准答案：B知识点解析：属事实细节题。题目问：在下面有关巧克力的正面特点的选项中，哪一个不是作者在文中明确表明的?选项A、C都在第一段最后一句中提到；选项D的内容出现在最后一段。选项B(inarguable意为“不容争辩的”)与第四段第一、二句内容不符，巧克力对身体是好是坏还是有争议的。因此，选项B正确。ThefreemarketeconomyisnodoubttheprimarystimulusthathasledtotheUnitedStates'dominanceintheworldeconomiccommunity.Bynaturallyrewardingthoseproducersthatexcel,excellenceisactivelyencouragedandthosethatinefficientlyproducegoodsorservicesnotvaluedareeliminated.Thus,theeconomybecomesaself-sustainingandself-maintainingmachine,consistentlyandconstantlyachievingthebestpossibleresult.Thefreemarketeconomyisentirelybasedontheprincipleofsupplyanddemand.Underthisconcept,consumersdecideforthemselveswhichcompanieswillstayinbusiness,votingwiththeirdollarsbyspendingonthosebusinessestheyconsidermostworthy.Bydoingso,thosecompaniesthatarebestliked,ormostindemand,aregrantedtheprivilegeofsupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatconsumerspayfor.Inthatsense,efficiencyisachieved.Thosecompaniesthatbestperformtotheexpectationsofconsumersareleftprosperousinthemarket,whiletheirlessefficientcounterpartssimplydieoutofthemarket,starvedofthedollarsofconsumerswhosimplyprefernottobuytheirproducts.Withsuchasysteminplace,Americanbusinessesareliterallyforcedtobeefficienttothehighestdegree.Asarule,what'sefficientinoneplacewillbeefficientinmostotherplaces,thusAmericanbusinessesarefiercecompetitorsnomatterwheretheychoosetoselltheirproduct,havingbeenformedinacompetitiveenvironmentthatbreedsoptimality.Whentheoppositionismadeupofbusinessesoverlyprotectedordirectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,thetoughAmericanbusinessesusuallymakeshortworkofthem.Ithasbeenproventhatthefreemarketsystemmoreefficientlyallocatescapitalandresourcesthananycentralplannercould,andAmericahasseizedonthatconcept.Withsuchanedgeatabasiclevel,it'snowonderthattheUnitedStatesisontopofthefinancialworld.Thecycleisaself-perpetuatingone.Asmoremoneyispumpedintothesystembyefficientbusinesses,moreleverageisattained,allowingAmericatodictatetherulesofthegame,toitsownadvantage,ofcourse.OthercountriesarebeginningtoadoptthecompetitivenatureoftheAmericaneconomicsystem,producingcompaniesthataregivingtheirAmericancounterpartsagoodrunfortheirmoney.Itcanbearguablystatedthatwithinafewdecades,theUnitedStateswillhavetodealwithcompetitionjustaswellequippedasitsown.Forthetimebeing,however,thegameisstackedinfavorofAmerica.6、ItisarguedthattherelativeefficiencyofAmericanbusinesses______.A、willdecreaseintimeasothernationsimitatethemethodsoftheAmericaneconomyB、resultsinAmericandominanceinallfinancialmarketsC、maynotlastindefinitely,ascompetitionisnolongeratraitcharacteristiconlyoftheAmericaneconomyD、isaresultsolelyofthecompetitiveenvironmentinwhichthosebusinessesaredeveloped标准答案：C知识点解析：属信息推断题。文章最后一段第一句指出：其他国家开始借鉴美国经济体制具备的竞争性特点，建立公司与美国同行展开激烈的竞争。由此可推知，选项C正确。选项A与文章最后两句内容不符，原文说未来的几十年中，美国将遇到势均力敌的竞争对手……但现在美国是有优势的。选项B与第四段第三句内容不符，all过于绝对。选项D(solely)概括得太绝对，与原文第一句内容不符，原文说自由市场经济无疑是使美国处于世界经济优势地位的主要促进因素，但没有说它是唯一的原因。7、Paragraph4assertsthat______.A、AmericanbusinessesholdtheupperhandwherevertheycompeteB、theedgedevelopedbyconstantcompetitionservesAmericanbusinesseswellinalmostallinternationalmarketsC、governmentcontroloverbusinessprocessesinvariablyresultsininferiorcompaniesD、overtime,theadvantageenjoyedbyAmericanbusinesseswillonlygrowinmagnitude,fueledbycontinuedgrowth,dominanceandinfusionofresources标准答案：B知识点解析：属主旨思想题。作者在第四段中充分肯定了美国自由竞争机制带来的优势：与其他国家的中央计划体制相比，它对企业产品竞争和资金、资源分配都很有利。因此，选项B符合此意。选项A与第四段第一句内容不符，原文中使用了usually，而选项中使用了wherever，表达的意义过于绝对：选项C无法从文中推出。选项D与最后一段第二句的意思不符，原文说：大概可以说在未来的几十年中，美国将遇到势均力敌的竞争对手。8、Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe______.A、AmericaasthePrototypeforFutureWorldBusinessB、TheAmericanEdge:CompetitionC、AStudyofCurrentAmericanBusinessStructureD、AHistoricalAnalysisofAmerica’sCompetitiveAdvantage标准答案：B知识点解析：属主旨思想题。文章第一句就点明主题：自由市场经济无疑是使美国处于世界经济优势地位的主要促进因素。接下来的几段具体介绍了这种自由市场经济的运行机制和好处，最后一段做出总结和预测：未来美国将会遇到劲敌，但现在的形势还是有利的。由此可知，文章通篇强调的是竞争给美国带来的优势，故选项B正确。选项A的题目太大、太泛，超出了原文的范围；选项C、D都是文中细节，不能覆盖整篇文章的主题思想。9、Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewiththeassertionthat______.A、AmericanbusinessesaresuperiortotheirforeigncounterpartsinallaspectsduetotheircompetitivenatureB、inthefuture,AmericanbusinesseswillhavetochangeandadaptinordertomeetthenewcompetitionpresentedbyforeigncompaniesemulatingtheirwaysC、withitsfree-marketnature,AmericanbusinessescouldeasilycompeteagainstitsforeigncounterpartsD、thefree-marketeconomicsystemissuperiortoallothermarketsystemscurrentlyknown标准答案：B知识点解析：属态度推断题。题目问：作者最有可能同意的论点是什么?最后一段指出：其他国家开始借鉴美国经济体制，将来美国会遇到势均力敌的竞争对手。由此可推知，美国必须对此做出调整以迎接新的竞争。因此，选项B正确。选项A中的all概括得太广，与原文内容不符；选项C与原文第一句不符，原文指出自由市场经济是美国占世界经济主导地位的主要原因，从中可推断，除此之外还存在其他因素。选项D过于绝对，原文说：自由市场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，但并不代表它比任何经济体制都优越。10、Theauthorismostcriticalof______.A、America’sabilitytomaintainitscompetitiveadvantageinthefutureB、thepossibilitythatnon-Americancompanieswillbeabletocompeteformuchlonger,giventheirdisadvantagesC、thelikelihoodofsuccessforanycompanythatdoesnotadoptthefree-marketmethodD、governmentinterventioninanation’seconomicsystem标准答案：D知识点解析：属态度推断题。题目问：作者最有可能批评的是什么?第四段第一、二句指出：如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护或领导的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速把它们解决。事实已经证明，自由市场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源……。由此可推断，作者对政府干预国家的经济体制持反对意见。因此，选项D正确。选项A与第一段最后一句意思不符，原文明确指出：经济变成了一台能维持自我发展和维护自我运转的机器，始终如一地取得所能达到的最好结果，从中可以看出作者对美国经济良性循环的信心。选项B、C都在原文中没有推理依据。"Historyiswrittenbythevictors."Thisfamousphrasereverberatesthroughoutthehallsofhistory,constantlyremindingustotakeallthatwelearnwithagrainofsalt,knowingthattheinformationprovidedforourdisseminationwasprovided,shapedandinfluencedbythoselefttoholdthepenthatrecordedit.Inthatrespect,oneoftheworstcrimesagainsthistoryistherevisionofit,thealteringoftherecordofthepastsoastoreflecttheviewpointofabiasedgroupwhostandtobenefitfromthealteredversion.Byrevisingthelensbywhichhistoryisjudged,valuableinformationislost,tothedetrimentofbothstudentsofthefieldaswellastheawarenessthatcomesfromexperience.Withoutanaccuratelyrecordedaccounttoserveasaguidinglight,nationsandsocietiesarelefttostumbletheirwayabouttheiraffairs,ignorantofwhathasandhasn'tworkedbefore,andunawareofwhatpasteventsshapedanddeterminedtheirpresentsituation.Suchdismalsituationsemergefromsimplepride,aswellasthedesireoftherevisioniststodepictthemselvesinabetterlighttoposterityortocoverupanembarrassinglegacy,nomatterthecosttothefuture.RecentattemptsbynationsinvolvedintheSecondWorldWartominimizeorerasealtogethercertainshamefulincidentsfromtheirhistorytextbookshasbeenmetwithinternationaloutrageandprotest,andrightlyso.Byallowingfuturegenerationstoforgetorneverevenlearnabouthowtheirancestorsstumbledonthepathtoprogress,theexperiencesofthosewhosufferedasaresultofthosemistakesaretrivializedandmadetobeinvain.Also,afalsesenseofnationalidentityemerges,inconsistentandinaccurateinitsformation.Bothareheinousresultsforbothnationalsofthatparticularnationaswellasthoseoftheinternationalcommunity,whosestoriesintertwinetoformthelargerpicture.Whenasinglestringinthetapestryofworldhistoryisunraveledbyrevision,theentirepiecebecomesaweakerone,subjecttoadditionalmodificationatthewhimofthosewhowouldliketousehistoryasatoolfortheirownpurposes,evenifitmeansfundamentallychangingit.Thisoutcomemustbeavoidedatallcosts,firstlybynotallowingaprecedenttobeestablishedthatmakesitacceptable,eveninasinglecase,tocommittherevision.Otherwise,humansasaracewillfallpreytoyetanotheroft-quotedphrase:"History,ifforgotten,isdoomedtoberepeated."11、Thefirstlineofthetextimpliesthat______.A、historicalaccountsareinvariablycoloredbytheviewsandstancesofthosewhoemergedvictoriousB、thosewhohavethepowertodosowillofteninfluencerecordingofeventstofavorthemselvesC、thosewhoaredefeatedhavelittleornosayinthedocumentationoftheirstruggle,resultinginabiasedaccountD、thewinnersinastrugglehavethemoralobligationtoaccuratelyrecordevents标准答案：B知识