Manual for Water Systems and Pipe Work水系统和水管工作手册 21

1/1

ManualforWaterSystemsandPipeWork水系统和水管工作手册2

3.3.WATERc0N1)tiI7WasteWaterPreventionI2%?iT!tttt1)left:Pistonatbot-tomofstandpipe,be-foredrawoffcommences.2)right:Pistionrai-singaswaterisdrawn.mmpipePistonslideinstandpipetapcl:3)Outletsealedafterwaterinstandpipehasbeendrawnoff.4)Pistonsinkingbyitsownweightwhentapclosed.Schematic,nottoscale(set8ref.GJHO:,J.3.4.WATERPLACEx.,--).,,,,’1..’:/StandpipeiI..,Abadwater,placemakesbad,situationworse!;;LTakegreatcarefortheplaceitself,andtheplacearound.The,wastewateroutlet(drainage)isabsolutelyobligatory(Moisture4.,,bringsdirt,insectsandsickness).‘;!i‘-Don’topenthesystembeforeeveryworkisfinished,tilerisk?thatitwillnotbedoneafterwardsisverypossible.iPLASTICORPLASTICPIPEMIN.60MMQWITHOUTANYOPENJOINTSI.,/.;t,,_,,rHARDCOVER(STONES.BRICKS,CONCRETEI.:,;;,..I.rp:EL1,/.IPIECEOFPLASTICPIPEVALVESve1.-~___Theseatopeningsareusuallyofthesamediameterastheinsideofthepipes.Theyhaveverylittleresistancetotheflowofwater,when1thevalveiscompletelyopen.iUse:inmain-pipelines,be-forethetaps,Therewherewatertightnessisnotsoim-Iportant,INottobeused:asoutflushvalve,(toohichspeedintherJipeline,andnotreal.lvwa-IIItertight)thereforetakeagoodtap(withrubberwasher).Globevalve(stopcock,fern1_-__--___I-.~--ThisvaJvehastobeinstalledwiththewaterpressureunderthevalveseat.Aglobevalvecanberepairedquiteeasilywiththechangeoftherubberwasher,andiswatertight.Butthefrictionlossisquitehigh.Use:forsmallerdiameters.Nottobeused:asdrainvalvee.g.outflushvalveforreser-voirs,etc.Spindle--!cz@=Gland+spoutBibcock(tap,faucet).---~-Thebibcockcloseagainstthewaterpressure.Whenitisopen,thepassageisrelativelyfreeforthewater.Thespoutmayormaynotbethreaded(forhoseconnection).3.6.VALVES/EXAMPLESFoot-valves-___-~...._.___Use:forsuction-pipesinpumped-systemsUse:pumpedsystems,ontheendbysuctionpipesPlug-valve___--..-....-.~Use:forqas-installationsonly.-.-(Theyarenatwatertightandthewaterflowisstoppedtoofast.Thatmayproducewater-hummersanddamagethepipt-installat:onsJ.non-returnvalvesverticalcheck-..Ihorizontalcheckswingcheck-Use:Preventionofreturl,ingofthewater;wherethewaterhastoremaininthepipes.Bypumpedgravitysystemsandbyinstallationofthehotwaterstoragetanks(boilers,geysirs),butal.scJwithsafetyval-ve(orvent.-pipe)only,RecommendationUsethecheckifpossiblewithswing-plate,wherelowpressuresystemismade.Ithasabigpassageandlittlefrictionloss.‘--13-4.1.GALV.PIPESG.I.Pipes(galvanizedironpipes)Use:insidebuildings(highmechanicalresistance),electricalconducting+mechanicalresistance-highfriction(lossofhead=reductionofpressureandquantity)+fittingsavailable-nopossibilitytomakethefittings(becauseofgaJ.v.1+goodforsmallerdiameters-noresistanceagainstchemic?l*corrosion(rust)+fewextensionwithchanges-piecesupto6m(20’)onlyoftemperature=manyjoints-tgoodconnsctionwithcement-withoutflanges,onlygood(aftertheremovingofthejointsuptotheIdi-lmetergalvanization).ofmax.2-quiteheavyNeverputunion’s(orflanges)inthegroundorwall(Becausetherewillbenochancesofinspectionandmaintenance)Paintingingroundandwallsisnecessaryasprotectionagainstcor-rosion(dangerofrusting).Byusing6.0mpiecescutofthehalfofthefactory-madethread(withahacksaw)andcutanew,fulllengththread.NobendsofG.I.pipestobemadewithoutusingtheproperfittings(Bybendingthepipesthegalvanizationwillsplitoff-riskofrusting.ploutsidefiinmmapw.weight/mlengthofthreadinkg*(unscrew-length)inmml/221.31.21331426,9/.133.7.lU442.4l111248,3--221123%~li~~~iil.*theweightofthepipeisdependingonitsqualityresp.wall-thickness.Pressureresistance:(dependingonthequality)l/2-3/4ww.25kg/cm2(max)-14-1-4appr.16kg/cm2(max)4.2.GALV.PIPESG.1.pipes/Threadcutting1,Checkthequalityofthepipe,(corrdchweldedseam,propergalvanization,diameteraccurate)2.fixthepipeinpipevice3.cutthalenghtandafterthethread(NevercutthreadswithoutUSil’cJoil)4.chdckthelengthofthethread5.cleanitfromoilandsteelsplitters6.puthempandjoint-paste(puttyoranimalgrease)Checking:ifthethreadisproperlycut,itshouldbepossibletoscrewappr.65%ofthethreadedportionintoafittingbyhand.Plumberthreadsareiconical.Thefittingswillspoiliftheyareurr.screwedthewholelenght;appr.twoturnsofthethreadshouldre-mainvisible,Protectionagainstrust:applyalayerofpaint.Caution:Gatevalves,globevalvesandsimilaritemsshouldbeeasiL,removeableforoverhaulorreplacement,withoutdismantelingmuchoi-theline.Forthispurposelongthreading,unionsorflangesshouldbefittedclosetosuchparts.Cuttingpipeswithpipe-cutterrequiresthatthepipesbereamedforburring,Betteruseonlyhacksawforcutting.CROSSTheburrmadebyapipecutterImproperreamingPipeproperlyreamedWatertiqhtjointsonthreadsUsedryhemponly(candlewicking)andnon-poisonousjointpaste,(puttyoranimalgrease).Paintasjointpasteisnotrecommecdable.bcauseitdrieshard.1.Turnhempinclockwisedirection,startingatthebeginning(enciofthepipe)ofthethread,coveringtheentirethreadwithhem!2.Putpipejointpasteonthehempofthethread,checkthatnohewIoilorjointpasteisinsidethepipe.3.Startthefittingonthepipebyhandandtightenwiththepipiwrenchuntilreasonablytight,Ifturnedtoot!.ght,thefittingmaystretchorcrack(2turnsshouldremainvisible).4,Cutoffthehempwithanoldhacksawblade,bymovinganti-clockwise.Paintthevisiblepartofthethread.-15-4.3,GALV.PIPESG.I.Pipes/-Nipplecutting1.Cutthreadattheendofapipe2.MarkthelengthofthenippLeandcutitoff.3.Cuttheendontheotherendofthenipple.Ar,itistooshorttobechuckedinthevicedirectly,thenipplemustbeextended.Useasuitablepipewithasocketattheend.Onthesemustbelongthreauing;important:bothendsofthepipemusttouchin-sidethesocket.Cut,tingnippleinthiswayisonlypossibleforsmallerdiametersLPIPETOBEKEPTI-kiOCKETLNIPPLEINPIPEVJCELONGTHREADGoodconnectiontoconcretetanksthiscanbedoneonlywithG.I.pipes,Forreallygoodconnectionitisimportant,thattheG.l.pipeisfixedthesametimeasthewallwillbebuildup(otherwisethejointsmayleak),Caution:Thegalvanizationmustberemoved!-16~INSIQETANK,THEOUTERSURFAC/TOBLANK,GALVANITOBEREMOVED.,--G.I.PIPEIMIN1O1.SOCKETEZAHASTION4.4.GALV.PIPES/Galv.FittingsBEND90(madeoutofs!eoltubrsl.6TEEfemale130REDUCINGSOCKEfemale240SOCKET270FLANGE321*_(,!I,I,;1,IBENDL5(madeoutofstreltubes)8CROSSfemale180REDUCINGBUSHfemale+male241PLUG291UNIONflat-seat,female330ELBOW90femaleequal+reducingSIDEOUTLETELBOWfemale221RED.HEXAGONmale245BACKNUT310NIPPLE530ELB3W90male4femaleequallreducing92SIDEOUTLETTEE.female223RED.SOCKETmale+female246CAP300-17..5.1.pLAsTIcPIPESPlasticPipes(HDPE+PVC)Use:forcoldwateronly,pipelinesintheground,thereisnoelectricalconducting.Pipesandfittingsmadefromplasticoffermanyadvantages.Theyhaveexcellentchemicalresistancewhich,combinedwithsmoothnesscrfbore,eliminatebuild-upofscaleandgivesgoodflowcharacter-risticswhichremainconstantthroughouttheirworkinglife,Beingodourlessandtasteless,theyaresuitableforconveryingdrinkingwaterandmanyfoodproducts;sistanceandweatheringqualities,theyhavegoodabrasionre-andaffordgoodthermalandelec-tricalinsulation.Plasticpipesarelightandcleantohandle,andmaybeeasilybe-joined.Theexcellentchemicalresistanceofplasticpipesmakesthemespe-ciallysuitablewherepipelinesareexposedtotheriskofexternalcorrosion,Pointstorememberaboutexpansionandcontraction.Apipelineshouldbeallowedtoexpandandcontractfreely.Whereverpossible,expansionandcontractionshouldbetakenupbychangesindirection.Carefulpositioningoffixedpointswillenablethedirectionofex-pansionandcontractiontobeIcontrolled.Expansionloopsmaybeused,buttheymustbelargeenoughtogiveadequateflexibility,(atleast2.0mresp,,Z!).Valvesandheavycomponentsmustindependentlybesupportedsothatnostressesareimposedon’thepipeline.Wherepipeworkincorporatespumpsorothermachinery,andthereisapossibilityofexcessivevibration,itmaybeadvisabletoinsulatthesourceofthevibrationbymeansofflexibleconnections.CORRECTCORRECT-i8-INCORRECTINCORRECT5.2.PLASTICPIPES.TransportandStorageLaythepipeinthetruckinanorderlymannerandsupportedalongitsentirelength.carrythepipes,storethemonsquaretim-ber,intheshadow,andinastraightlineDon’tmixup!Don’tplacethemonedgesorinsunshine(morethan30Gc‘86OF)HDPEpipecoilsshouldbelaidhorizontally,intheshadw.farfromfertilizers.‘~-~-5.3.PLASTICPIPESPreparationoftrenchesandlayingthepipes.1.levelrcsp.slope2.sandiupto20mm$.I),makeastraightlineresp.Ilength),incorrectslope(lieoffinthewholeImostimportantbyPVCpipes,fragility)iIHandlepipeswithcare(PVCpipesarebreakable)chdckthewatertightness,beforecoveringthetrench--level1.Pipecover2.Socket,notcovered.5.4.PLASTICPIPESConnecticnsbetweenqalv.pipesandplasticpipes(HDPE+PVcj-ADAPTERLJNICNTHEBESTSO-LIJTION,-ADAPTERTHREADONPLASTICPIPE,-G.I.PIPEPLASTICPIPEWJTHTHREAD\WITHRUBBERRINGEV.HEATING:DRAWSTOGETt-ikR_-ATHDPEPIPESONLYr-GIPIPEHDPEPIPE-ConcerningconnectiontoconcretewallsseespecialdescriptionScrewedjointsonplasticpipesTheoutsidediameteroftheplasticpipesmustbeaccordingtotheG.I.pipes.Becausescrewedjointsnecessitatetheuseofathickwalledpipe;theoverallcostoftheinstallationwillbehigherthanforasimilaroneresp.forlowpressure(byPVCpipeswithsolventcementjoints).ThelengthofthethreadsshouldbeaccordingtotheG.I.threads.Ifthethreadonthepipehasbeenproperlycut,itsho,uldbepos-sibletoscrewthefittingonbyhandforabouttwo-thirdsofthethreadylength.Pointstorememberaboutscrewedjointsonplasticpipes1.Newchasersshouldbeusedandretainedforthreadingofplastipipes.c2.Thefulldepthofthreadshouldbecutinonecontinuousopera-tion.3.Lubricationofthechasersisnotnecessary,oilisstrictlyPryhibited.4.CareshouldbeexercisedtoensurethatunduestrainisnotaP-pliedwhenmakingathreadedjoint,5.Thenormaltypeofwrenchshouldnotbeused,butspecialtoolsofstrap-typearerecommended,-21-6.1.PLAS:’ICPIPES--PvcpipesName:Density:Colour:Use:Installation:PVCisashort5lgnforIoly,.~i;l)~lchloriil1.4kg/dm3grayIInormally)intheground,forlongerdistances,forcoldwateronly(below60oC-140oFIGenerallyapplythesamerulesasgivenforgalv,pipes,PVCmustbeinstalledfreefromstressandm-tinfreezingareas.Theclampingdistanceisappr.tentimesthr2pipediameter.Handlethepipeswithcare,avoidshocks,Don’tpaintthepipesafterinstalling,somepaintswilldestroythePVCmaterial,+conncectionwithadhesive-breakable(littlemechanicalresistant+ligntinweight-fittingsdifficulttomake+goodformakingsockets_.w-lengthofthepipesonlyupto6.0m(20’)+needfewtools-weldingonlywithspecialtools(needselectricity)+lowfrictionloss-adaptiontoterrainislimited.Thetrenchbottommustbeverywellprepared-nodirectconnectionwithcementpermitted.PreparinqofaspigotendMarkthelengthwithasoftpencilonthePVCpipeandcutitwithafoxsaw(orahacksaw)andremovetheinternalburrs,slightlychamferouteredgeofpipe(appr.150topipeaxis)2,seL3RASPANGLE15OAPPR.6.2.PLASTICPIPESPVCsolventcementjointsThecementcreatesachemicalbondbetweenthepipeandthefitting.Itisasimpleandefficientmethodofjoining,andbecauseitisalsopermanentitisimportanttousethecorrecttechniquewhich,isasfollows:.1.2:3.4..5.6.7.a.9.CutthepipeendsquareandremoveinternalburrsDegreasejointsurfacesofpipesandfittingwithcleaningfluiti,usingabsorbentpaperSlightlychamferouteredgeofpipe(appr.150topipeaxis)Roughenjointsurfaces,usingcleanemeryclothormediumglass-paperandcleanagainMark’onthespigotendthelengthofthesocket(withasoftpencil)Usingabrush,applyanevenlayerofcementtobothfittingandpipeinalengthwisedirection,withathickercoatingonthePipe.Immediatelypushthefitting(orthepipeendwiththesocket)ontothepipewithoutturningit,untilitreachesthereducedportionofthesocket.Thenturnpipeatleastl/4ofafullturn.Keeptheminthispositionforashortwhile,(10-20seconds).Nowremovethesurpluscement,Leaveundisturbedforfiveminutes,thenhandlewithreasonablecare.Alloweighthoursbeforeapplyingthefullratedpressure,Forlowerpressureallowonehourper1kg/cm2(15lbf/in2).Forexample3kg/cm2145lbf/in2)wouldrequire3hoursdryingtime.PVCpointstorememberaboutcementedjoints1.Beforeapplyingcement,thematingsurfaoemustbeabsolutelycleananddry.!,2.Forsizeswithadiameterof3andabove,twopersonsarere-quiredtoapplycementsimultaneouslytopipeandfitting.3:;Theti