2017陕西中考非谓语动词

中考英语二轮复习资料非谓语动词专项一、非谓语动词分类构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）二、动名词（一）、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成（二）、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数形式。宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语Sheisinthereadingroom.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）喜欢做某事花费…做某事忙于做…

忍不住做某事想要做某事完成做某事练习做某事建议做某事值得做某事谢谢某人做某推迟做某事

阻止某人做某事放弃做某事盼望做某事习惯于做某事相比做…，更喜欢做…实战演练——选出正确选项并标出在句中的做什么成分或用法1.Nooneenjoys_____at.A.laughing B.tolaugh C.beinglaughed D.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.A.tobebrokenin B.frombeingbrokenin C.tobreakin D.frombreakingin3.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking4.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted5.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudy B.studying C.tostudying D.study三、动词不定式动词不定时的构成:to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。（一）动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词宾语宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?Thereisnothingtoworryabout.不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.不定式作宾语1）有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：决定做某事想做某事计划做某事未能做某事迫不及待做某事下决心做某事过去常常做某事

请求某人做某事邀请某人做某事期待某人做某事鼓励某人做某事建议某人做某事允许某人做某事

提醒某人做某事2）在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3）常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。实战演练——选出正确选项并标出在句中的做什么成分或用法1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating2.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry3.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played4.DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing5.Whynot____?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome四、分词

(一)分词的构成：现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成，过去分词由动词+-ed构成。

(二)分词的句法构成:分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语

Do

you

know

the

girl

standing

under

the

tree?

The

students

went

out

of

the

classroom,talking

and

laughing.

The

boy

is

too

frghtened

to

move.

Don’t

keep

us

waiting

for

a

long

time.

I

heard

him

singing

in

the

classroom.

注意：现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去分词作宾补,过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。实战演练1.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______nextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.Theentertainmentbuilding___________willbecompletednextyear.A.beingbuiltB.builtC.bebuiltD.tobuild五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

1.forget

to

do

sth

forget

doing

sth

2.remember

to

do

sth

remember

doing

sth

3.mean

to

do

sth

mean

doing

sth

4.stop

to

do

sth

）

stop

doing

sth

5.try

to

do

sth

try

doing

sth

6.go

on

to

do

sth

go

on

doing

sth

7.used

to

do

sth

be

used

to

doing

sth

8.need

to

do

sthneed

doing

sth达标测评一、完形填空Cloze4家境贫寒的MichaelHa“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Perhapsnotmanystudentscanunderstandthis_1_than21-year-oldMichaelHa.Becauseofhisstoryofsuccess,he_2_anexampletomanyyoungpeople.MichaelHawasborninaverypoorfamily.HisparentsworkedinVietnambeforetheymovedtoBritainin1980.Theycouldn’tfindworkinBritain_3_theyspokelittleEnglish.Thewholefamilyhadtoliveonbenefits(救济金)andtheylivedin_4_smallhouseinHackney,apoorareainEastLondon.GrowingupwasnoteasyforMichael,buthenevergaveup._5_theageof10,hesethisheartongoingtoCambridgeUniversity.Itwasnoteasy,either.Michaelstudiedataschool,whichusedto6_“theworstschoolinBritain”．However,youngMichaelmadeuphismindtotry_7_best,nomatterwhatkindofschoolhewasstudyingat.Thesmartboystudiedvery_8_anddidwellineverysubjectatschool.Oncehemadeabet(打赌)withhisfriend_9_furthermath.Asaresult,afterspendingjustfourmonthsteachinghimselffromatextbook,hegotanAinAS-levelfurthermath.NowMichaelisthestarmedicalstudentatSt.John’sCollege,Cambridgeandhasjustwonanawardforhisexcellentgrades.Hehopes10hewillbeaninspirationforotheryoungpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.1.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse2.A.becomeB.hasbecomeC.becameD.becomes3.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.though4.A.aB.anC.theD./5.A.AtB.InC.ByD.Through6.A.calledB.becalledC.callD.calling7.A.himB.heC.himselfD.his8.A.hardB.hardlyC.harderD.hardest9.A.tolearnB.learningC.learnedD.learns10.A.WhatB.whichC.thatD.howCloze5起伏不平的路有时也会帮助我们Inafarawayplace,therewasavillage.Thevillagewas_1_inpotatoesthananywhereelseinthecountry.Attheendofeverygrowingseason,_2_potatoesweredugoutoftheground,andreadiedformarket.Ineachhome,menandwomenwould_3_dividethepotatoesintothreegroups:large,mediumandsmall.Oneyear,therewasayoungman_4_receivedhisshareofthepotatoes.Astheothervillagers_5_,hewalkedaroundthevillagelaughingandtalking._6_villagersthoughthewaslazy,andtheyworriedthatthismanwouldneverget_7_potatoesreadyintime.Whenitwastimeforthevillagers_8_tomarket,theyweregreatlysurprisedtofindthattheman’spotatoes_9_perfectlyintothreegroups.Afteraskingthemanhowhedidit,theyunderstoodhewasnotlazy,butveryclever.Hehadputallhispotatoesinacartandpulleditalongthevillage’sroughdirtroad.Asthecartmovedupanddownovertheroad,thepotatoesmovedtoo.Thesmallerpotatoesmovedtothebottom,thelargerpotatoesrosetothetopandthemediumpotatoesrested_10_themiddle.Lifeislikethistoo.Theroughroadswetravelalongcanalsohelpus.1.A.richB.richerC.richestD.morerich2.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof3.A.busilyB.busyC.morebusilyD.busier4.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose5.A.workB.wasworkingC.wereworkingD.works6.A.AB.AnC.TheD./7.A.heB.HimC.HimselfD.his8.A.goB.GoingC.togoD.went9.A.aredividedB.weredividedC.aredividingD.divided10.A.onB.inC.withD.by二、With,seat,surprise,like,other,try,quick,look,message,wait,Roast(烧烤)isveryfamousinBrazil.Customersjustsit,1forwaiterstosendthemallkindsofmeat.Ifyoulike,youtakeone;ifyoudon’t,thewaiterspassyou.Ifyoudon’tgiveany2ofstopping,theywillgoon.OnedaywhenIwasinBrazil,Iwenttoarestaurantto3theroast.AfterItookmy4thewaitergavemeasignwiththecolor“red”ononesideand“green”onthe5.Isaid“Thankyou”,thenthewaitersbegantoserveme.Myplatewasalreadyfull,butthewaitersstillkeptonservingmemore.IthoughtIhadtoeat6.Buttomy7,thewaitersstillkeptonservingmore.Thenawaiterfoundoutthereason.Hehelpedmeturnthesignover,8redoutside.WhenIfinished,Ifoundthewaiterdidn’ttakea9atme.Doyouknowwhy?It’sjust10thetrafficlightsinthestreet.Howwonderful!1.

___________2.

___________3.

___________4.

___________5___________.

6.

___________7.

___________8.

___________9.

___________10.___________三、补全对话（一）

A:Hello,mayIspeaktoDavid?

B:_________________________________________.(1)

A:Hi,David!ThisisLinTaospeaking.

B:Hi,LinTao.What’sup?

A:WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

B:_________________________________________.(2)Doyouhav