职称英语-职称英语卫生类a级模拟40

职称英语卫生类A级模拟40

第1部分：词汇选项

1、Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcretblocks.

A.big

B.empty

C.long

D.new

2、PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecausetheirfeathers

secreteaprotectiveoil.

A.hideB.warmC.produceD.absorb

3、IamfeelingalotmorehealthythanIwas.

A.manyB.no

C.muchD.some

4、Ifachildisleftalonezhe'lllosehiszestforlifeandhisdesireto

findoutnewthingsforhimself.

A.courageB.direction

C.confidenceD.interest

5、Wewereastonishedtohearthattheirfootballteamhadwonthechampion.

A.amazedB.amountedC.amusedD.approached

6、Examinationpapersoftheclassweremarkedwithoutbias.

A.immediatelyB.correctly

C.fairlyD.carefully

7、Hecannotdiscriminatebetweenagoodideaandabadone.

A.judgeB.assess

C.distinguishD.recognize

8、Engineersusetheprinciplesofaerodynamicsindesigningairplanesandother

objectsaffectedbyaerodynamicforces.

A.lawsB.movements

C.studiesD.products

9、Thewholeideatobuildadeluxehotelheresoundsinsanetome.

A.reasonableB.sensibleC.crazyD.

unbe1ievab1e

10、ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijing.

A.shortB•workingC.formalD.secret

11>Themanagerallocatedutiestotheclerks.

A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order

12、Chinadoesalotoftradewithmanycountries.

A.agreatdealofB.agreatmanyof

C.alargenumberofD.agreatlevelof

13>Clearly,hewillwinthegame.

A.likelyB.possiblyC.obviouslyD.strangely

14、Yourteacherwilltakeyourillnessintoaccountwhenmarkingyourexams.

A.calculationB.computation

C.considerationD.assessment

15>Heisabsentbecauseheissick.

A.badB.goodC.wellD.

ill

第2部分：阅读判断

TheySayIreland*stheBest

Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005zaccordingto

alifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain1sEconomistmagazinelast

week.

Theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbased

ontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfaction

andwell-being.

Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,

climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhat

themagazinecallsHfreedom,familyandcommunitylife11.

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion（拥

挤），genderinequalityandthehighcostofliving.Irelandscoredanimpressive

8.33Pointsoutof10.

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.

Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest

（最差的），pickinguponly3.89points.

"Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighly-

valued.nthereportsaid,"someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernization

suchasthebreakdown（崩溃）intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvalues

inparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact.H

"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelements

ofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,such

asstablefamilyandcommunitylife.n

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforward

thingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,

Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.

TheU.K.ispositionedatNo.29zamuchlowerpositionchieflybecause

ofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics,TheU.S.,

whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP（人均国内生产总值）afterLuxembourg,

tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalfoftheleague

at60th.

16>For2005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequality.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、IrelandispositionedatNo.1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirable

elementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Tomeasurelifequalityiseasy.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisamongthetop10countries.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

ClinicalTrials

1Manyclinicaltrialsaredonetoseeifanewdrugordeviceissafe

andeffectiveforpeopletouse.Sometimesclinicaltrialsareusedtostudy

differentwaystousethestandardtreatmentssotheywillbemoreeffective,

easiertouse,and/ordecreasesideeffects.Sometimeszstudiesaredoneto

learnhowtobestusethetreatmentinadifferentpopulation,suchaschildren,

inwhomthetreatmentwasnotpreviouslytested.

2Itisimportanttotestdrugsandmedicalproductsinthepeoplethey

aremeanttohelp.Itisalsoimportanttoconductresearchinavarietyof

peoplebecausedifferentpeoplemayresponddifferentlytotreatments.Some

peopleparticipateinclinicaltrialsbecausetheyhaveexhaustedstandard

treatmentoptions.Otherpeopleparticipateintrimsbecausetheywantto

contributetotheadvancementofmedicalknowledge.

3TheFDA（食品及药物管理局）workstoprotectparticipantsinclinicaltrials

andtoensurethatpeoplehavereliableinformationastheydecidewhether

tojoinaclinicaltrial.Althougheffortsaremadetocontroltherisksto

clinicaltrialparticipants,somerisksmaybeunavoidablebecauseofthe

uncertaintyinherent（内在的）inmedicalresearchstudiesinvolvingnewmedical

treatments.

4Peopleshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheclinicaltrialsthat

interestthem.Theyshouldalsofeelcomfortablediscussingtheirquestions

andconcernswithmembersofthehealthcareteam.Prospective（预期的）

participantsshouldunderstandwhathappensduringthetrial,thetypeof

healthcaretheywillreceive,andanycoststothem.Anyoneconsideringa

clinicaltrialshouldalsoknowthattherearebenefitsandrisksassociated

withparticipating.

A.Whyareclinicaltrialsdone?

B.Whereareclinicaltrialsconducted?

C.Whoshouldconsiderclinicaltrialsandwhy?

D.Whatshouldpeopleknowbeforeparticipatinginaclinicaltrial?

E.Whatareclinicaltrials?

F.Areclinicaltrialssafe?

23、Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25、Paragraph3

26、Paragraph4

27、A.forsomepatients

B.beforeparticipation

C.inhumans

D.medicalknowledge

E.duringthetrial

F.candidatesforclinicaltrials

Newdrugsordevicesmustbetestedbeforebeingused

28、Clinicaltrialsprovidetheonlyhope.

29、Reliableinformationshouldbeavailableto

30、Learnasmuchasyoucanaboutaclinicaltrial

第4部分：阅读理解

HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells

Solvinga1ongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheart

continuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,although

therateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.

Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanew

pathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,

expertssay.

n

"Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocyteszarerenewed,

saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchat

theKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."Ithaspreviouslynotbeen

knownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithorif

theycouldberenewed,nhesaid.

Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschangesovertime,Frisenadded.In

a20-year-old,about1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,

buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75.

"Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,

itmaybepotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethis

processtostimulateregenerationafterforexample,aheartattack,"Frisen

said.

Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.

"Alotofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailure,11notedco-authorDr.

RatanBhardwaj.

RatanBhardwaj,alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute.'*Chronicheartfailure

arisesfromheartcellsdying,nhesaid.

Withthisfinding,scientistsarenopeningthedoortopotentialtherapies

tohavingourselveshealourselves,nBhardwajsaid."Maybeonecoulddevise

apharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecells

toovercometheproblemtheyarefacing."

Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwajzscientistsdonotyetknow

howtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfaster

thantheyaredyingoff,especiallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.

Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusing

healthyhearts-whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsisthe

sameremainsunknown.

31>Thehumanheartstopsproducingcardiaccells.

A.whenapersonbecomesold

B.assoonasapersongetssick

C.immediatelyafterapersonisborn

D.onceapersondies

32、Thefindingcouldprovetobeusefulto.

A.theanalysisofcardiaccells

B.thepreventionofchronicdiseases

C.thetreatmentofheartdisease

D.thestudyoflongstandingmysteries

33、Inpeopleintheirmid-70szonly0.45percentofcardiomyocytes.

A.arestillfunctional

B.arereducedeachyear

C.arereplacedeachyear

D.aredamagedeachyear

34、Chronicheartfailureisattributedto

A.thedyingheartcells

B.theeffectofpharmceutical

C.theweightofapatient

D.thelifespanofaperson

35、Itisnotknownyetiftherateofcellturnoverindiseasedhearts

A.shighenoughtoreplacecellsfasterthanthey*redyingoff

B.isofanyusetoresearchers

C.isthesameasthatinhealthyhearts

D.changesovertime

弟一^扁

HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells

Solvingalongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheart

continuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,although

therateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.

Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanew

pathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,

expertssay.

n

"Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocyteszarerenewed,

saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchat

theKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."Ithaspreviouslynotbeen

knownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithorif

theycouldberenewed,Hhesaid.

Theprocessofrenewingtheseceilschangesovertime,Frisenadded.In

a20-year-oldzabout1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,

buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75.

"Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,

itmaypotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethisprocess

tostimulateregenerationafter,forexample,aheartattack,"Frisensaid.

Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts."Alot

n

ofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailureznotedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwaj,

alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute."Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheart

cellsdying,nhesaid.

Withthisfinding,scientistsare'*openingthedoortopotentialtherapies

tohavingourselveshealourselves,nBhardwajsaid."Maybeonecoulddevise

apharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecells

toovercometheproblemtheyarefacing."

Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwajzscientistsdonotyetknow

howtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfaster

thantheyaredyingoffzespeciallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.

Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusing

healthyhearts--whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsisthe

sameremainsunknown.

36、Thehumanheartstopsproducingcardiaccells.

A.whenapersonisbornB.whenapersonbecomesold

C.whenapersongetssickD.whenapersondies

37、Thefindingcouldprovetobehelpfulto.

A.thestudyoflongstandingmysteriesB.theanalysisofcardiac

cells

C.thepreventionofchronicdiseasesD.thetreatmentofheart

disease

38、Thepeoplewho*reintheirmid-70s,only0.45percentofcardiomyocytes

A.arestillfunctionalB.arereplacedeachyear

C.arelosteachyearD.aredamagedeachyear

39、Chronicheartfailureisassociatedwith.

A.thedeathofheartcellsB.thelifespanofaperson

C.theeffectsofpharmaceuticalsD.theweightofthepatient

40、Itremainsunknownwhethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedhearts

A.changesovertime

B.canbemonitored

C.isthesameasthatinhealthyhearts

D.ishighenoughtoreplacecellsfasterthanthey*redyingoff

第-二答

41、Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheearth1ssupplyofnaturalmedicines

A.mayneverbeexhausted.

B.maybedroppingrapidly.

C.issurprisinglybig.

D.isasrich-asever.

GivingUpSmoking

Anumberofdevicesareavailabletohelpapersonquitsmoking.Nicotine

（尼古丁）patchesaresmall,nicotine-containingadhesive（粘着性的）discsapplied

totheskin.Thenicotineisslowlyabsorbedthroughtheskinandentersthe

bloodstream（血流）.Overtime,thenicotinedoseisreducedandeventually

thedesirefornicotineiseased.Nicotinegum（口香糖）worksinasimilar

manner,providingsmalldosesofnicotinewhenchewed（咀嚼）,

Thebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludetheimmediatereductionofharm

tothehealthofthesmokerandeasieradmissiontosocialactivitiesand

institutionsthatbansmoking.Ina1988reportztheU.S.SurgeonGeneral

declaredcigarettesmokingtobemoreharmfulandexpensivethantheuseof

cocaine（可卡因）,alcoholzorheroin.Recentevidencesupportsthisclaim.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthascollectedaspecialtaxoncigarettes

forseveraldecades.Theraterosefrom8centsperpackof20cigarettes

in1951to24centsperpackin1993.Inotherdevelopedcountries,thecigarette

taxrateismuchhigher,rangingfrom50percentinSwitzerlandto85percent

inDenmark.

IntheUnitedStateszthefirstdirectactiontochecksmokingwasthe

regulationofawarningoncigarettepackagesbytheFederalTradeCommission.

Thiswarningtookeffectin1964andwasstrengthenedin1969toread："Warning：

TheSurgeonGeneralHasDeterminedThatCigaretteSmokingIsDangerousto

YourHealth.nIn1971allcigaretteadvertisingwasbannedfromradioand

television,andcitiesandstatespassedlawsrequiringnonsmokingsections

inpublicplacesandworkplaces.

42、Whichofthefollowingcanhelpapersonquitsmoking?

A.Readingcigaretteadvertisements.

B.Usingnicotinepatches.

C.Chewingordinarygum.

D.Participatinginsocialactivities.

43、Nicotinegumisusedtohelpasmoker

A.reduceweight.

B.stopsmoking.

C.cleanhisteeth.

D.absorbnicotineimmediately.

44、ThebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT

A.theformationofagoodhabit.

B.thereductionofexpenses.

C.thereductionofharmtoone*shealth.

D.easieraccesstoinstitutionsthatbansmoking.

45、Whichofthefollowingissaidtobethemostexpensiveandharmful?

A.Consumingalcohol.

B.Usingheroin.

C.Takingcocaine.

D.Smokingcigarettes.

46、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasteptocontrolsmoking?

A.Forbiddingsmokinginallpublicplaces.

B.Collectingaspecialtaxoncigarettes.

C.BanningcigaretteadvertisingfromradioandTV.

D.Requiringawarningoneachcigarettepackage.

第5部分：补全对话

TheStoryofLani

Five-year-oldLanistilltakessevenmedicineswithherbreakfastevery

morning."She1sverygoodaboutit,"saysherfatherDavid.Laniisalive

todaybecauseofherfatherDavid,inmorethanoneway；whenshewasone

yearoldshereceivedpartofherfather*sliverinaliver-transplantoperation.

Laniwasbornwithaliverillness.47Doctorsadvisedthatatransplant

wastheonlywayinwhichshewouldlive.

Theoperationlasted12hoursandneededtwoteams,oneforthefather

andoneforthedaughter.48Inthesecases,thedonor1slivergrowstonormal

sizeinabouteightweeks,andthechild*sliverbecomessmaller.

Lanispentthreeweeksinhospitalaftertheoperation.Becausethe

receiver*sbodytriestorejecttheneworgan,thepatienthastobegiven

specialdrugs.49

AlthoughDavidlefthospitalafter10days,hedidn*treturntoworkuntil

afterthroemonths.Inordertoreachtheliver,thedoctorshavetocutthrough

thestomachwallzwhichisstrongandfullofmuscle.Itthereforetakesa

longtimetorecoverafterthisoperation.50

Sofar,only16oftheseliver-transplantoperationshavebeencarried

outinBritain.51Doctorssay,"Ifpossible,weprefertotakealiverfrom

adeaddonor,usuallyaparent.H

Lanistillhastolookafterherhealth,andshegetsmoretiredthanother

childrenofthesameage,butdoctorshopethatshewillcontinuetogetstronger

andstronger.

AShehadoneoperationwhenshewassixweeksold,whichwasnotsuccessful.

BWhilethesedrugsaregiven,itisimportantthatthepatientdoesnot

catchanyillness,notevenacold.

CInthisoperationapieceofliver,weighingabout250--300grams,was

removedfromthefatherandtransplantedintothedaughter.

DDavidquicklyrecoveredfromtheoperation.

EHowever,theyaremorecommoninNorthAmericaandJapan.

FDavidwasfinallyabletoridehisbikeagainafteraboutayear.

第6部分：完形填空

TalkingtoKidsaboutSARS（非典）

SchoolagechildrenmaybelearningaboutSARSfromadultsandthemedia,

butmaynotknowwhattomakeofthesituation,saysanationalhealthcharity.

TheLungAssoc