《数控应用专业英语》课件第15章

15CUSTOMMACRO

15.1VARIABLES15.2SYSTEMVARIABLES15.3ARITHMETICANDLOGICOPERATION15.4MACROSTATEMENTSANDNCSTATEMENTS15.5BRANCHANDREPETITION15.6MACROCALL

Althoughsubprogramsareusefulforrepeatingthesameoperation,thecustommacrofunctionalsoallowsuseofvariables,arithmeticandlogicoperations,andconditionalbranchesforeasydevelopmentofgeneralprogramssuchaspocketinganduserdefinedcannedcycles.Amachiningprogramcancallacustommacrowithasimplecommand,justlikeasubprogram.Fig.15.0Custommacro15.1VARIABLES

AnordinarymachiningprogramspecifiesaGcodeandthetraveldistancedirectlywithanumericvalue;examplesareG100andX100.0.

Withacustommacro,numericvaluescanbespecifieddirectlyorusingavariablenumber.Whenavariablenumberisused,thevariablevaluecanbechangedbyaprogramorusingoperationsontheMDIpanel.＃1=＃2+100;

G01X＃1F300;Explanation·Variablerepresentation

Whenspecifyingavariable,specifyanumbersign(＃)followedbyavariablenumber.Personalcomputersallowanametobeassignedtoavariable,butthiscapabilityisnotavailableforcustommacros.［Example］＃1

Anexpressioncanbeusedtospecifyavariablenumber.Insuchacase,theexpressionmustbeenclosedinbrackets.［Example］＃［＃1+＃2-12］

·Typesofvariables

Variablesareclassifiedintofourtypesbyvariablenumber.NOTE

Commonvariables＃150to＃199and＃532to＃999areoptional.·Rangeofvariablevalues

Localandcommonvariablescanhavevalue0oravalueinthefollowingranges:

-10E47to-10E-29

10E-29to10E47

Iftheresultofcalculationturnsouttobeinvalid,anP/SalarmNo.111isissued.

·Omissionofthedecimalpoint

Whenavariablevalueisdefinedinaprogram,thedecimalpointcanbeomitted.［Example］

When＃1=123;isdefined,theactualvalueofvariable＃1is123.000.·Referencingvariables

Toreferencethevalueofavariableinaprogram,specifyawordaddressfollowedbythevariablenumber.Whenanexpressionisusedtospecifyavariable,enclosetheexpressioninbrackets.［Example］G01X［＃1+＃2］F＃3;

Areferencedvariablevalueisautomaticallyroundedaccordingtotheleastinputincrementoftheaddress.［Example］

WhenG00X＃1;isexecutedona1/1000mmCNCwith12.3456assignedtovariable＃1,theactualcommandisinterpretedasG00X12.346;.

Toreversethesignofareferencedvariablevalue,prefixaminussign(-)to＃.［Example］G00X-＃1;

Whenanundefinedvariableisreferenced,thevariableisignoreduptoanaddressword.［Example］

Whenthevalueofvariable＃1is0,andthevalueofvariable＃2isnull,executionofG00X＃1Y＃2;resultsinG00X0;.·Commoncustommacrovariablesfortowpaths(twopathcontrol)

Fortwopathcontrol,macrovariablesareprovidedforeachpath.Somecommonvariables,however,canbeusedforbothpaths,bysettingparametersNo.6036and6037accordingly.·Undefinedvariable

Whenthevalueofavariableisnotdefined,suchavariableisreferredtoasa“null”variable.Variable＃0isalwaysanullvariable.Itcannotbewrittenin,butitcanberead.

Ⅰ.Quotation

Whenanundefinedvariableisquotated,theaddressitselfisalsoignored.［Example］When＃1is0and＃2isnull,theresultofexecutingG00X＃1Y＃2;willbethesameaswhenG00X0;isexecuted.

Ⅱ.Operation<vacant>isthesameas0exceptwhenreplacedby<vacant>Ⅲ.Conditionalexpressions<vacant>differsfrom0onlyforEQandNEFig.15.1VariablesonCRTpage

(ⅰ)Whenthevalueofavariableisblank,thevariableisnull.

(ⅱ)Themark********indicatesanoverflow(whentheabsolutevalueofavariableisgreaterthan99999999)oranunderflow(whentheabsolutevalueofavariableislessthan0.0000001).Limitations

Programnumbers,sequencenumbers,andoptionalblockskipnumberscannotbereferencedusingvariables.［Example］Variablescannotbeusedinthefollowingways:

O＃1;

/＃2G00X100.0;

N＃3Y200.0;15.2SYSTEMVARIABLES

SystemvariablescanbeusedtoreadandwriteinternalNCdatasuchastoolcompensationvaluesandcurrentpositiondata.Note,however,thatsomesystemvariablescanonlyberead.Systemvariablesareessentialforautomationandgeneralpurposeprogramdevelopment.Explanations·Interfacesignals

Signalscanbeexchangedbetweentheprogrammablemachinecontroller(PMC)andcustommacros.

Fordetailedinformation,refertotheconnectionmanual.·Toolcompensationvalues

Toolcompensationvaluescanbereadandwrittenusingsystemvariables.Usablevariablenumbersdependonthenumberofcompensationpairs,whetheradistinctionismadebetweengeometriccompensationandwearcompensation,andwhetheradistinctionismadebetweentoollengthcompensationandcuttercompensation.Whenthenumberofcompensationpairsisnotgreaterthan200,variables＃2001to＃2400canalsobeused.·Macroalarms·Timeinformation［Example］＃3000=1(TOOLNOTFOUND);

Thealarmscreendisplays“3001TOOLNOTFOUND.”

Timeinformationcanbereadandwritten.15.3ARITHMETICANDLOGICOPERATION

TheoperationslistedinTable15.8canbeperformedonvariables.Theexpressiontotherightoftheoperatorcancontainconstantsand/orvariablescombinedbyafunctionoroperator.Variables＃jand＃kinanexpressioncanbereplacedwithaconstant.Variablesontheleftcanalsobereplacedwithanexpression.Explanations·Angleunits

TheunitsofanglesusedwiththeSIN,COS,TAN,andATANfunctionsaredegrees.Forexample,90degreesand30minutesisrepresentedas90.5degrees.·ATANfunction

AftertheATANfunction,specifythelengthsoftwosidesseparatedbyaslash.Aresultisfoundwhere0-result-360.［Example］When＃1=ATAN［1］/［-1］,thevalueof＃1is135.0.·ROUNDfunction

(ⅰ)WhentheROUNDfunctionisincludedinanarithmeticorlogicoperationcommand,IFstatement,orWHILEstatement,theROUNDfunctionroundsoffatthefirstdecimalplace.［Example］When＃1=ROUND［＃2］;isexecutedwhere＃2holds1.2345,thevalueofvariable＃1is1.0.

(ⅱ)WhentheROUNDfunctionisusedinNCstatementaddresses,theROUNDfunctionroundsoffthespecifiedvalueaccordingtotheleastinputincrementoftheaddress.［Example］Creationofadrillingprogramthatcutsaccordingtothevaluesofvariables＃1and＃2,thenreturnstotheoriginalposition.

Supposethattheincrementsystemis1/1000mm,variable＃1holds1.2345,andvariable＃2holds2.3456.Then,

G00G91X-＃1;Moves1.235mm

G01X-＃2F300;Moves2.346mm

G00X［＃1+＃2］;Since1.2345+2.3456=3.5801,

thetraveldistanceis3.580,which

doesnotreturnthetooltothe

originalposition

Thisdifferencecomesfromwhetheradditionisperformedbeforeorafterroundingoff.

G00X-［ROUND［＃1］+ROUND［＃2］］mustbespecifiedtoreturnthetooltotheoriginalposition.·Roundingupanddowntoaninteger

WithCNC,whentheabsolutevalueoftheintegerproducedbyanoperationonanumberisgreaterthantheabsolutevalueoftheoriginalnumber,suchanoperationisreferredtoasroundinguptoaninteger.

Conversely,whentheabsolutevalueoftheintegerproducedbyanoperationonanumberislessthantheabsolutevalueoftheoriginalnumber,suchanoperationisreferredtoasroundingdowntoaninteger.

Beparticularlycarefulwhenhandlingnegativenumbers.［Example］Supposethat＃1=1.2and＃2=-1.2.

When＃3=FUP［＃1］isexecuted,2.0isassignedto＃3.

When＃3=FIX［＃1］isexecuted,1.0isassignedto＃3.

When＃3=FUP［＃2］isexecuted,-2.0isassignedto＃3.

When＃3=FIX［＃2］isexecuted,-1.0isassignedto＃3.·Abbreviationsofarithmeticandlogicoperationcommands

Whenafunctionisspecifiedinaprogram,thefirsttwocharactersofthefunctionnamecanbeusedtospecifythefunction.［Example］

ROUND→RO

FIX→FI·Priorityofoperations

Ⅰ.Functions

Ⅱ.Operationssuchasmultiplicationanddivision(*,/,AND)

Ⅲ.Operationssuchasadditionandsubtraction(+,-,OR,XOR)Fig.15.3(a)Priorityofoperations·Bracketnesting

Bracketsareusedtochangetheorderofoperations.Bracketscanbeusedtoadepthoffivelevelsincludingthebracketsusedtoencloseafunction.

Whenadepthoffivelevelsisexceeded,P/SalarmNo.118occurs.Fig.15.3(b)BracketnestingLimitations·Brackets

Brackets(［,］)areusedtoencloseanexpression.Notethatparenthesesareusedforcomments.·Operationerror

Errorsmayoccurwhenoperationsareperformed.NOTE

(*1)Therelativeerrordependsontheresultoftheoperation.

(*2)Smallerofthetwotypesoferrorsisused.

(*3)Theabsoluteerrorisconstant,regardlessoftheresultoftheoperation.

(*4)FunctionTANperformsSIN/COS.

(ⅰ)Theprecisionofvariablevaluesisabout8decimaldigits.Whenverylargenumbersarehandledinanadditionorsubtraction,theexpectedresultsmaynotbeobtained.［Example］Whenanattemptismadetoassignthefollowingvaluestovariables:＃1and＃2:＃1=9876543210123.456＃2=9876543277777.777

thevaluesofthevariablesbecome:＃1=9876543200000.000＃2=9876543300000.000

Inthiscase,when＃3=＃2-＃1;iscalculated,＃3=100000.000results.

(Theactualresultofthiscalculationisslightlydifferentbecauseitisperformedinbinary.)

(ⅱ)AlsobeawareoferrorsthatcanresultfromconditionalexpressionsusingEQ,NE,GE,GT,LE,andLT.［Example］IF［＃1EQ＃2］iseffectedbyerrorsinboth＃1and＃2,possiblyresultinginanincorrectdecision.Therefore,insteadfindthedifferencebetweenthetwovariableswithIF［ABS［＃1-＃2］LT0.001］.

Then,assumethatthevaluesofthetwovariablesareequalwhenthedifferencedoesnotexceedanallowablelimit(0.001inthiscase).

(ⅲ)Also,becarefulwhenroundingdownavalue.［Example］When＃2=＃1*1000;iscalculatedwhere＃1=0.002;,theresultingvalueofvariable＃2isnotexactly2but1.99999997.

Here,when＃3=FIX［＃2］;isspecified,theresultingvalueofvariable＃1isnot2.0but1.0.

Inthiscase,rounddownthevalueaftercorrectingtheerrorsothattheresultisgreaterthantheexpectednumber,orrounditoffasfollows:＃3=FIX［＃2+0.001］＃3=ROUND［＃2］

·Divisor

WhenadivisorofzeroisspecifiedinadivisionorTAN［90］,P/SalarmNo.112occurs.15.4MACROSTATEMENTSANDNCSTATEMENTS

Thefollowingblocksarereferredtoasmacrostatements:

(ⅰ)Blockscontaininganarithmeticorlogicoperation(=).

(ⅱ)Blockscontainingacontrolstatement(suchasGOTO,DO,END).

(ⅲ)Blockscontainingamacrocallcommand(suchasmacrocallsbyG65,G66,G67,orotherGcodes,orbyMcodes).

AnyblockotherthanamacrostatementisreferredtoasanNCstatement.EXPLANATIONS·DifferencesfromNCstatements

(ⅰ)Evenwhensingleblockmodeison,themachinedoesnotstop.Note,however,thatthemachinestopsinthesingleblockmodewhenbit5ofparameterSBMNo.6000is1.

(ⅱ)Macroblocksarenotregardedasblocksthatinvolvenomovementinthecuttercompensationmode.·NCstatementsthathavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements

(ⅰ)NCstatementsthatincludeasubprogramcallcommand(suchassubprogramcallsbyM98orotherMcodes,orbyTcodes)andnotincludeothercommandaddressesexceptanO,NorLaddresshavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements.

(ⅱ)TheblocksnotincludeothercommandaddressesexceptanO,N,PorLaddresshavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements.15.5BRANCHANDREPETITION

Inaprogram,theflowofcontrolcanbechangedusingtheGOTOstatementandIFstatement.Threetypesofbranchandrepetitionoperationsareused.Fig.15.5(a)Branchandrepetition15.5.1UnconditionalBranch(GOTOStatement)

Abranchtosequencenumbernoccurs.Whenasequencenumberoutsideoftherange1to99999isspecified,P/SalarmNo.128occurs.Asequencenumbercanalsobespecifiedusinganexpression.

GOTOn;n:Sequencenumber(1to99999)［Example］

GOTO1;

GOTO＃10;15.5.2ConditionalBranch(IFStatement)

SpecifyaconditionalexpressionafterIF.Ifthespecifiedconditionalexpressionissatisfied,abranchtosequencenumbernoccurs.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,thenextblockisexecuted.Fig.15.5(b)Conditionalbranch(IFstatement)EXPLANATIONS·Conditionalexpression

Aconditionalexpressionmustincludeanoperatorinsertedbetweentwovariablesorbetweenavariableandconstant,andmustbeenclosedinbrackets(［,］).Anexpressioncanbeusedinsteadofavariable.·Operators

Operatorseachconsistoftwolettersandareusedtocomparetwovaluestodeterminewhethertheyareequaloronevalueissmallerorgreaterthantheothervalue.Notethattheinequalitysigncannotbeused.Sampleprogram

Thesampleprogrambelowfindsthetotalofnumbers1to10.

O9500;＃1=0;Initialvalueofthevariabletoholdthesum＃2=1;Initialvalueofthevariableasanaddend

N1IF［＃2GT10］GOTO2;BranchtoN2whentheaddendisgreaterthan10＃1=＃1+＃2;Calculationtofindthesum＃2=＃2+1;Nextaddend

GOTO1;BranchtoN1

N2M30;Endofprogram15.5.3Repetition(WHILEStatement)

SpecifyaconditionalexpressionafterWHILE.Whilethespecifiedconditionissatisfied,theprogramfromDOtoENDisexecuted.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,programexecutionproceedstotheblockafterEND.Fig.15.5(c)Repetition(WHILEstatement)EXPLANATIONS

Whilethespecifiedconditionissatisfied,theprogramfromDOtoENDafterWHILEisexecuted.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,programexecutionproceedstotheblockafterEND.ThesameformatasfortheIFstatementapplies.AnumberafterDOandanumberafterENDareidentificationnumbersforspecifyingtherangeofexecution.Thenumbers1,2,and3canbeused.Whenanumberotherthan1,2,and3isused,P/SalarmNo.126occurs.·Nesting

Theidentificationnumbers(1to3)inaDOENDloopcanbeusedasmanytimesasdesired.Note,however,whenaprogramincludescrossingrepetitionloops(overlappedDOranges),P/SalarmNo.124occurs.Fig.15.5(d)NestingLIMITATIONS·Infiniteloops

WhenDOmisspecifiedwithoutspecifyingtheWHILEstatement,aninfinitelooprangingfromDOtoENDisproduced.·Processingtime

WhenabranchtothesequencenumberspecifiedinaGOTOstatementoccurs,thesequencenumberissearchedfor.Forthisreason,processinginthereversedirectiontakesalongertimethanprocessingintheforwarddirection.UsingtheWHILEstatementforrepetitionreducesprocessingtime.·Undefinedvariable

InaconditionalexpressionthatusesEQorNE,a<vacant>andzerohavedifferenteffects.Inothertypesofconditionalexpressions,a<vacant>isregardedaszero.Sampleprogram

Thesampleprogrambelowfindsthetotalofnumbers1to10.

O0001;＃1=0;＃2=1;

WHILE［＃2LE10］DO1;＃1=＃1+＃2;＃2=＃2+1;

END1;

M30;15.6MACROCALL

Amacroprogramcanbecalledusingthefollowingmethods.Fig.15.6(a)MacrocallLIMITATIONS·Differencesbetweenmacrocallsandsubprogramcalls

Macrocall(G65)differsfromsubprogramcall(M98)asdescribedbelow.（ⅰ）WithG65,anargument(datapassedtoamacro)canbespecified.M98doesnothavethiscapability.

(ⅱ)WhenanM98blockcontainsanotherNCcommand(forexample,G01X100.0M98Pp),thesubprogramiscalledafterthecommandisexecuted.Ontheotherhand,G65unconditionallycallsamacro.

(ⅲ)WhenanM98blockcontainsanotherNCcommand(forexample,G01X100.0M98Pp),themachinestopsinthesingleblockmode.Ontheotherhand,G65doesnotstopsthemachine.

(ⅳ)WithG65,theleveloflocalvariableschanges.WithM98,theleveloflocalvariablesdoesnotchange.Sampleprogram(boltholecircle)

AmacroiscreatedwhichdrillsHholesatintervalsofBdegreesafterastartangleofadegreesalongtheperipheryofacirclewithradiusI.

Thecenterofthecircleis(X,Y);Commandscanbespecifiedineithertheabsoluteorincrementalmode.Todrillintheclockwisedirection,specifyanegativevalueforB.Fig.15.6(b)Sampleprogram(boltholecirc