




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
15CUSTOMMACRO
15.1VARIABLES15.2SYSTEMVARIABLES15.3ARITHMETICANDLOGICOPERATION15.4MACROSTATEMENTSANDNCSTATEMENTS15.5BRANCHANDREPETITION15.6MACROCALL
Althoughsubprogramsareusefulforrepeatingthesameoperation,thecustommacrofunctionalsoallowsuseofvariables,arithmeticandlogicoperations,andconditionalbranchesforeasydevelopmentofgeneralprogramssuchaspocketinganduserdefinedcannedcycles.Amachiningprogramcancallacustommacrowithasimplecommand,justlikeasubprogram.Fig.15.0Custommacro15.1VARIABLES
AnordinarymachiningprogramspecifiesaGcodeandthetraveldistancedirectlywithanumericvalue;examplesareG100andX100.0.
Withacustommacro,numericvaluescanbespecifieddirectlyorusingavariablenumber.Whenavariablenumberisused,thevariablevaluecanbechangedbyaprogramorusingoperationsontheMDIpanel.#1=#2+100;
G01X#1F300;Explanation·Variablerepresentation
Whenspecifyingavariable,specifyanumbersign(#)followedbyavariablenumber.Personalcomputersallowanametobeassignedtoavariable,butthiscapabilityisnotavailableforcustommacros.[Example]#1
Anexpressioncanbeusedtospecifyavariablenumber.Insuchacase,theexpressionmustbeenclosedinbrackets.[Example]#[#1+#2-12]
·Typesofvariables
Variablesareclassifiedintofourtypesbyvariablenumber.NOTE
Commonvariables#150to#199and#532to#999areoptional.·Rangeofvariablevalues
Localandcommonvariablescanhavevalue0oravalueinthefollowingranges:
-10E47to-10E-29
10E-29to10E47
Iftheresultofcalculationturnsouttobeinvalid,anP/SalarmNo.111isissued.
·Omissionofthedecimalpoint
Whenavariablevalueisdefinedinaprogram,thedecimalpointcanbeomitted.[Example]
When#1=123;isdefined,theactualvalueofvariable#1is123.000.·Referencingvariables
Toreferencethevalueofavariableinaprogram,specifyawordaddressfollowedbythevariablenumber.Whenanexpressionisusedtospecifyavariable,enclosetheexpressioninbrackets.[Example]G01X[#1+#2]F#3;
Areferencedvariablevalueisautomaticallyroundedaccordingtotheleastinputincrementoftheaddress.[Example]
WhenG00X#1;isexecutedona1/1000mmCNCwith12.3456assignedtovariable#1,theactualcommandisinterpretedasG00X12.346;.
Toreversethesignofareferencedvariablevalue,prefixaminussign(-)to#.[Example]G00X-#1;
Whenanundefinedvariableisreferenced,thevariableisignoreduptoanaddressword.[Example]
Whenthevalueofvariable#1is0,andthevalueofvariable#2isnull,executionofG00X#1Y#2;resultsinG00X0;.·Commoncustommacrovariablesfortowpaths(twopathcontrol)
Fortwopathcontrol,macrovariablesareprovidedforeachpath.Somecommonvariables,however,canbeusedforbothpaths,bysettingparametersNo.6036and6037accordingly.·Undefinedvariable
Whenthevalueofavariableisnotdefined,suchavariableisreferredtoasa“null”variable.Variable#0isalwaysanullvariable.Itcannotbewrittenin,butitcanberead.
Ⅰ.Quotation
Whenanundefinedvariableisquotated,theaddressitselfisalsoignored.[Example]When#1is0and#2isnull,theresultofexecutingG00X#1Y#2;willbethesameaswhenG00X0;isexecuted.
Ⅱ.Operation<vacant>isthesameas0exceptwhenreplacedby<vacant>Ⅲ.Conditionalexpressions<vacant>differsfrom0onlyforEQandNEFig.15.1VariablesonCRTpage
(ⅰ)Whenthevalueofavariableisblank,thevariableisnull.
(ⅱ)Themark********indicatesanoverflow(whentheabsolutevalueofavariableisgreaterthan99999999)oranunderflow(whentheabsolutevalueofavariableislessthan0.0000001).Limitations
Programnumbers,sequencenumbers,andoptionalblockskipnumberscannotbereferencedusingvariables.[Example]Variablescannotbeusedinthefollowingways:
O#1;
/#2G00X100.0;
N#3Y200.0;15.2SYSTEMVARIABLES
SystemvariablescanbeusedtoreadandwriteinternalNCdatasuchastoolcompensationvaluesandcurrentpositiondata.Note,however,thatsomesystemvariablescanonlyberead.Systemvariablesareessentialforautomationandgeneralpurposeprogramdevelopment.Explanations·Interfacesignals
Signalscanbeexchangedbetweentheprogrammablemachinecontroller(PMC)andcustommacros.
Fordetailedinformation,refertotheconnectionmanual.·Toolcompensationvalues
Toolcompensationvaluescanbereadandwrittenusingsystemvariables.Usablevariablenumbersdependonthenumberofcompensationpairs,whetheradistinctionismadebetweengeometriccompensationandwearcompensation,andwhetheradistinctionismadebetweentoollengthcompensationandcuttercompensation.Whenthenumberofcompensationpairsisnotgreaterthan200,variables#2001to#2400canalsobeused.·Macroalarms·Timeinformation[Example]#3000=1(TOOLNOTFOUND);
Thealarmscreendisplays“3001TOOLNOTFOUND.”
Timeinformationcanbereadandwritten.15.3ARITHMETICANDLOGICOPERATION
TheoperationslistedinTable15.8canbeperformedonvariables.Theexpressiontotherightoftheoperatorcancontainconstantsand/orvariablescombinedbyafunctionoroperator.Variables#jand#kinanexpressioncanbereplacedwithaconstant.Variablesontheleftcanalsobereplacedwithanexpression.Explanations·Angleunits
TheunitsofanglesusedwiththeSIN,COS,TAN,andATANfunctionsaredegrees.Forexample,90degreesand30minutesisrepresentedas90.5degrees.·ATANfunction
AftertheATANfunction,specifythelengthsoftwosidesseparatedbyaslash.Aresultisfoundwhere0-result-360.[Example]When#1=ATAN[1]/[-1],thevalueof#1is135.0.·ROUNDfunction
(ⅰ)WhentheROUNDfunctionisincludedinanarithmeticorlogicoperationcommand,IFstatement,orWHILEstatement,theROUNDfunctionroundsoffatthefirstdecimalplace.[Example]When#1=ROUND[#2];isexecutedwhere#2holds1.2345,thevalueofvariable#1is1.0.
(ⅱ)WhentheROUNDfunctionisusedinNCstatementaddresses,theROUNDfunctionroundsoffthespecifiedvalueaccordingtotheleastinputincrementoftheaddress.[Example]Creationofadrillingprogramthatcutsaccordingtothevaluesofvariables#1and#2,thenreturnstotheoriginalposition.
Supposethattheincrementsystemis1/1000mm,variable#1holds1.2345,andvariable#2holds2.3456.Then,
G00G91X-#1;Moves1.235mm
G01X-#2F300;Moves2.346mm
G00X[#1+#2];Since1.2345+2.3456=3.5801,
thetraveldistanceis3.580,which
doesnotreturnthetooltothe
originalposition
Thisdifferencecomesfromwhetheradditionisperformedbeforeorafterroundingoff.
G00X-[ROUND[#1]+ROUND[#2]]mustbespecifiedtoreturnthetooltotheoriginalposition.·Roundingupanddowntoaninteger
WithCNC,whentheabsolutevalueoftheintegerproducedbyanoperationonanumberisgreaterthantheabsolutevalueoftheoriginalnumber,suchanoperationisreferredtoasroundinguptoaninteger.
Conversely,whentheabsolutevalueoftheintegerproducedbyanoperationonanumberislessthantheabsolutevalueoftheoriginalnumber,suchanoperationisreferredtoasroundingdowntoaninteger.
Beparticularlycarefulwhenhandlingnegativenumbers.[Example]Supposethat#1=1.2and#2=-1.2.
When#3=FUP[#1]isexecuted,2.0isassignedto#3.
When#3=FIX[#1]isexecuted,1.0isassignedto#3.
When#3=FUP[#2]isexecuted,-2.0isassignedto#3.
When#3=FIX[#2]isexecuted,-1.0isassignedto#3.·Abbreviationsofarithmeticandlogicoperationcommands
Whenafunctionisspecifiedinaprogram,thefirsttwocharactersofthefunctionnamecanbeusedtospecifythefunction.[Example]
ROUND→RO
FIX→FI·Priorityofoperations
Ⅰ.Functions
Ⅱ.Operationssuchasmultiplicationanddivision(*,/,AND)
Ⅲ.Operationssuchasadditionandsubtraction(+,-,OR,XOR)Fig.15.3(a)Priorityofoperations·Bracketnesting
Bracketsareusedtochangetheorderofoperations.Bracketscanbeusedtoadepthoffivelevelsincludingthebracketsusedtoencloseafunction.
Whenadepthoffivelevelsisexceeded,P/SalarmNo.118occurs.Fig.15.3(b)BracketnestingLimitations·Brackets
Brackets([,])areusedtoencloseanexpression.Notethatparenthesesareusedforcomments.·Operationerror
Errorsmayoccurwhenoperationsareperformed.NOTE
(*1)Therelativeerrordependsontheresultoftheoperation.
(*2)Smallerofthetwotypesoferrorsisused.
(*3)Theabsoluteerrorisconstant,regardlessoftheresultoftheoperation.
(*4)FunctionTANperformsSIN/COS.
(ⅰ)Theprecisionofvariablevaluesisabout8decimaldigits.Whenverylargenumbersarehandledinanadditionorsubtraction,theexpectedresultsmaynotbeobtained.[Example]Whenanattemptismadetoassignthefollowingvaluestovariables:#1and#2:#1=9876543210123.456#2=9876543277777.777
thevaluesofthevariablesbecome:#1=9876543200000.000#2=9876543300000.000
Inthiscase,when#3=#2-#1;iscalculated,#3=100000.000results.
(Theactualresultofthiscalculationisslightlydifferentbecauseitisperformedinbinary.)
(ⅱ)AlsobeawareoferrorsthatcanresultfromconditionalexpressionsusingEQ,NE,GE,GT,LE,andLT.[Example]IF[#1EQ#2]iseffectedbyerrorsinboth#1and#2,possiblyresultinginanincorrectdecision.Therefore,insteadfindthedifferencebetweenthetwovariableswithIF[ABS[#1-#2]LT0.001].
Then,assumethatthevaluesofthetwovariablesareequalwhenthedifferencedoesnotexceedanallowablelimit(0.001inthiscase).
(ⅲ)Also,becarefulwhenroundingdownavalue.[Example]When#2=#1*1000;iscalculatedwhere#1=0.002;,theresultingvalueofvariable#2isnotexactly2but1.99999997.
Here,when#3=FIX[#2];isspecified,theresultingvalueofvariable#1isnot2.0but1.0.
Inthiscase,rounddownthevalueaftercorrectingtheerrorsothattheresultisgreaterthantheexpectednumber,orrounditoffasfollows:#3=FIX[#2+0.001]#3=ROUND[#2]
·Divisor
WhenadivisorofzeroisspecifiedinadivisionorTAN[90],P/SalarmNo.112occurs.15.4MACROSTATEMENTSANDNCSTATEMENTS
Thefollowingblocksarereferredtoasmacrostatements:
(ⅰ)Blockscontaininganarithmeticorlogicoperation(=).
(ⅱ)Blockscontainingacontrolstatement(suchasGOTO,DO,END).
(ⅲ)Blockscontainingamacrocallcommand(suchasmacrocallsbyG65,G66,G67,orotherGcodes,orbyMcodes).
AnyblockotherthanamacrostatementisreferredtoasanNCstatement.EXPLANATIONS·DifferencesfromNCstatements
(ⅰ)Evenwhensingleblockmodeison,themachinedoesnotstop.Note,however,thatthemachinestopsinthesingleblockmodewhenbit5ofparameterSBMNo.6000is1.
(ⅱ)Macroblocksarenotregardedasblocksthatinvolvenomovementinthecuttercompensationmode.·NCstatementsthathavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements
(ⅰ)NCstatementsthatincludeasubprogramcallcommand(suchassubprogramcallsbyM98orotherMcodes,orbyTcodes)andnotincludeothercommandaddressesexceptanO,NorLaddresshavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements.
(ⅱ)TheblocksnotincludeothercommandaddressesexceptanO,N,PorLaddresshavethesamepropertyasmacrostatements.15.5BRANCHANDREPETITION
Inaprogram,theflowofcontrolcanbechangedusingtheGOTOstatementandIFstatement.Threetypesofbranchandrepetitionoperationsareused.Fig.15.5(a)Branchandrepetition15.5.1UnconditionalBranch(GOTOStatement)
Abranchtosequencenumbernoccurs.Whenasequencenumberoutsideoftherange1to99999isspecified,P/SalarmNo.128occurs.Asequencenumbercanalsobespecifiedusinganexpression.
GOTOn;n:Sequencenumber(1to99999)[Example]
GOTO1;
GOTO#10;15.5.2ConditionalBranch(IFStatement)
SpecifyaconditionalexpressionafterIF.Ifthespecifiedconditionalexpressionissatisfied,abranchtosequencenumbernoccurs.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,thenextblockisexecuted.Fig.15.5(b)Conditionalbranch(IFstatement)EXPLANATIONS·Conditionalexpression
Aconditionalexpressionmustincludeanoperatorinsertedbetweentwovariablesorbetweenavariableandconstant,andmustbeenclosedinbrackets([,]).Anexpressioncanbeusedinsteadofavariable.·Operators
Operatorseachconsistoftwolettersandareusedtocomparetwovaluestodeterminewhethertheyareequaloronevalueissmallerorgreaterthantheothervalue.Notethattheinequalitysigncannotbeused.Sampleprogram
Thesampleprogrambelowfindsthetotalofnumbers1to10.
O9500;#1=0;Initialvalueofthevariabletoholdthesum#2=1;Initialvalueofthevariableasanaddend
N1IF[#2GT10]GOTO2;BranchtoN2whentheaddendisgreaterthan10#1=#1+#2;Calculationtofindthesum#2=#2+1;Nextaddend
GOTO1;BranchtoN1
N2M30;Endofprogram15.5.3Repetition(WHILEStatement)
SpecifyaconditionalexpressionafterWHILE.Whilethespecifiedconditionissatisfied,theprogramfromDOtoENDisexecuted.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,programexecutionproceedstotheblockafterEND.Fig.15.5(c)Repetition(WHILEstatement)EXPLANATIONS
Whilethespecifiedconditionissatisfied,theprogramfromDOtoENDafterWHILEisexecuted.Ifthespecifiedconditionisnotsatisfied,programexecutionproceedstotheblockafterEND.ThesameformatasfortheIFstatementapplies.AnumberafterDOandanumberafterENDareidentificationnumbersforspecifyingtherangeofexecution.Thenumbers1,2,and3canbeused.Whenanumberotherthan1,2,and3isused,P/SalarmNo.126occurs.·Nesting
Theidentificationnumbers(1to3)inaDOENDloopcanbeusedasmanytimesasdesired.Note,however,whenaprogramincludescrossingrepetitionloops(overlappedDOranges),P/SalarmNo.124occurs.Fig.15.5(d)NestingLIMITATIONS·Infiniteloops
WhenDOmisspecifiedwithoutspecifyingtheWHILEstatement,aninfinitelooprangingfromDOtoENDisproduced.·Processingtime
WhenabranchtothesequencenumberspecifiedinaGOTOstatementoccurs,thesequencenumberissearchedfor.Forthisreason,processinginthereversedirectiontakesalongertimethanprocessingintheforwarddirection.UsingtheWHILEstatementforrepetitionreducesprocessingtime.·Undefinedvariable
InaconditionalexpressionthatusesEQorNE,a<vacant>andzerohavedifferenteffects.Inothertypesofconditionalexpressions,a<vacant>isregardedaszero.Sampleprogram
Thesampleprogrambelowfindsthetotalofnumbers1to10.
O0001;#1=0;#2=1;
WHILE[#2LE10]DO1;#1=#1+#2;#2=#2+1;
END1;
M30;15.6MACROCALL
Amacroprogramcanbecalledusingthefollowingmethods.Fig.15.6(a)MacrocallLIMITATIONS·Differencesbetweenmacrocallsandsubprogramcalls
Macrocall(G65)differsfromsubprogramcall(M98)asdescribedbelow.(ⅰ)WithG65,anargument(datapassedtoamacro)canbespecified.M98doesnothavethiscapability.
(ⅱ)WhenanM98blockcontainsanotherNCcommand(forexample,G01X100.0M98Pp),thesubprogramiscalledafterthecommandisexecuted.Ontheotherhand,G65unconditionallycallsamacro.
(ⅲ)WhenanM98blockcontainsanotherNCcommand(forexample,G01X100.0M98Pp),themachinestopsinthesingleblockmode.Ontheotherhand,G65doesnotstopsthemachine.
(ⅳ)WithG65,theleveloflocalvariableschanges.WithM98,theleveloflocalvariablesdoesnotchange.Sampleprogram(boltholecircle)
AmacroiscreatedwhichdrillsHholesatintervalsofBdegreesafterastartangleofadegreesalongtheperipheryofacirclewithradiusI.
Thecenterofthecircleis(X,Y);Commandscanbespecifiedineithertheabsoluteorincrementalmode.Todrillintheclockwisedirection,specifyanegativevalueforB.Fig.15.6(b)Sampleprogram(boltholecirc
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025年自动织领机项目投资可行性研究分析报告
- 知识产权服务行业发展运行现状及投资策略研究报告
- 2025年氯化氮碱行业深度研究分析报告
- 安置统规统建普照项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告
- 彩色超声多普勒可行性报告
- 油泵壳体项目可行性研究报告
- 2024-2025年中国并购基金行业市场前景预测及投资战略研究报告
- 2025年装潢用螺丝刀行业深度研究分析报告
- 2025年溶解乙炔项目可行性研究报告
- 早教幼教行业市场评估分析及发展前景调研战略研究报告
- 年兽的故事之The Legend of Nian
- 初中美术教学策略与方法
- 2024年高考二轮复习 微主题热练5 新情境下陌生反应化学(或离子)方程式的书写 作业
- 农田春耕安全生产培训
- 大象版科学小学二年级下册教学课件(全套)
- 再生棉项目融资计划书
- 甲流护理查房病例
- 人教版小学劳动教育三年级下册第二章劳动项目5《蒸蛋羹》优质课教学设计
- 概率论与数理统计智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下四川师范大学
- 新生儿败血症护理查房查房
- 中级会计实务所得税课件
评论
0/150
提交评论