06选择性必修三Unit4语法语法现在完成进行时（原卷版）

06选择性必修三Unit4语法：语法精讲精练现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时复习：I.概念现在完成进行时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。II.结构1.肯定形式：have/has＋beendoing(2021·全国乙卷)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.从古希腊时代起，人们就开始涌入体育场。2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋beendoingHehasn’tbeenusingthecarforthelasttwomonths.在过去的两个月里他一直没用这辆车。III.基本用法1.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直持续到说话之时，可能还会继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。e.g.①Ithasbeensnowingforthreehours.雪已经下了三个小时。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)②Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.雨已经下了两个小时了。(现在还在下)③Jackhasbeenfeelingverywellrecently.杰克最近身体一直很好。(这个状态还要延续)2.表示刚刚结束的动作或状态。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。e.g.①—Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?—Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.——很抱歉，我迟到了。你们等了多长时间了？——我们已经等了你半个小时了。②Tomhasbeenseeingaboutaworkpermitforyou.

汤姆一直在想办法给你弄一个工作许可证。③Thetobaccoindustryhasbeentryingtoimproveitsimage.

烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。3.强调动作或状态延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩。e.g.①Shehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.这话她已经说了二十遍了。②Ihavebeenmeetinghimthesedays.这些天我总是遇见他。③Wehavebeenmakingsuchmistakes.我么一直犯这样的错误。4.表示这段时间反复发生的事情。e.g.①IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.这个月我一直在游览中国的一些城市。②Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她从八岁起就打网球了。(经常发生,并且还要持续)③We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.最近我们常常见面。IV.现在完成进行时所用的时间状语allday/month;

thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+

时间段;since+时间点;for+

时间段，等等。如：e.g.①Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.

两个月来他们一直在修桥。②

Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.

汽车销量近来一直在下降。③ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.

自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。V.不能用现在完成进行时的情况1.某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时，如see,hear,know,have,like,be等。Hehasbeenhavingacoldfortwoweeks.(×)Hehashadacoldfortwoweeks.(√)2.不具有延续意义的动词，如finish,e,go,marry等，也不能用于现在完成进行时。【即学即练1】完成句子①She__________________________recently.她最近工作一直很努力。②Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshe__________________________foralongtime.她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。③We__________________________sincewecamehere.自从到这里以后，我们一直住在旅馆。④Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.You__________________________,Ithink.你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。⑤Mysister__________________________since2016.自从2016年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。V.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时现在完成时强调过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或产生的结果√强调动作或状态的延续性√强调动作或状态重复√表达生动，含有感情色彩√说明一个事实、一种影响或结果√1.两者都表示动作从过去开始，但现在完成时着重表示动作的完成；而现在完成进行时着重表示动作的延续性。因此表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时。e.g.Ihavereadthebook.我读过了这本书。（动作完成了，强调影响及结果）Ihavebeenreadingthebookfortwohours.这本书我已经读了两个小时。（动作不一定完成，强调延续性）2.有少数动词（如work,study,live,teach,stay等）在表示持续一段时间时，用这两种时态含义差不多（只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性）。e.g.Howlonghaveyouworked/beenworkinghere?你在这儿工作多久了？I’velived/beenlivingheresince1988.自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们经常见面。3.现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。e.g.Ihavewaitedhereforherformorethantwohours.我在这里等了她两个多小时。（陈述事实）Ihavebeenwaitinghereforherformorethantwohours.我在这里一直等了她两个多小时。（等得好辛苦）Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一贯是那样工作的。(赞许)4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如某些静态动词know,marry,last等。e.g.I’veknownherfortwoyears.我认识她两年了。They’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间。但不能说：Ihavebeenknowinghimfortwoyears.5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。e.g.Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.这房子已漆了一个月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.这个问题已研究了五天。6.表示“重复”。既表示在一段持续的时间内动作多次的重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定正在进行。区别：e.g.Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去图书馆了。Hehasbeengoingtothelibraryrecently.最近他总去图书馆。【即学即练2】用所给词的适当形式填空①Althoughmanymeasures__________________________(take),theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.②Youshouldgotobed.You__________________________(watch)TVfor5hours.③They__________________________(plant)treessincethismorning.④Sorry,butMrSmith__________________________(leave)forBeijing.⑤Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe__________________________(play)inthemudallthemorning.⑥Bythetimeherealiseshe__________________________(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.二、单句语法填空：1.Asisknowntousall,Thegovernment__________(dispose)oftheairpollutiontheseyears.2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichMichaelJordanstartedinChicago__________(help)youngpeoplesince1996.3.IgraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityin1998,andI__________(teach)Englishlecturesince.4.Itseemsthatwaterfromthistap__________(leak)forsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.5.YuanLongping__________(struggle)forChinesefarmersoverthepastdecades.6.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.7.Thesescientists__________(work)attheprojectfornearlyfouryears,andIdon’tknowhowlongitwilllast.8.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,__________(desire)tohavea20yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.9.Thelittlegirl’shandsareverydirty.She__________(play)withthemudallmorning.10.Astronomerssaythisisanaturalphenomenonthat__________(happen)foracentury.11.We__________(work)onitforseveralhoursbuthavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.12.You__________(write)thewholemorning.Youshouldstopandhaveabreak.13.“People__________(sit)thereandstandingthereandtakingpicturesofeachother,”Rosays.14.Iamsorryyou__________(wait)forsolong,butitwillstillbesometimebeforeJimgetsback.15.Tina__________(think)aboutfindinganewjobforawholeyear,butshehasn’tmadeherfinaldecisionyet.16.ThestudentswhoarepreparingfortheNationalEntranceExaminationforPostgraduate__________(wait)outsidethelibraryfortwohours.17.Thechildren__________(practise)dancinginthepastmonth,andhavemademuchprogressinit.18.Intwomonths,itwillbeThanksgiving.ChildrenallovertheUSA__________(look)forwardtothisdayforweeks.19.Thegreenhand__________(tackle)theproblemfortwoweeks,onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.

20.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe__________(search)forallalong.21.I__________(look)formylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit.22.We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingpaidvacation__________(notdiscuss)yet.23.Sincethebeginningofthevacation,I___________(travel)acrossthecountry,andmynextdestinationistheWuyiMountains.24.Overthepastdecades,seaice____________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.25.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair___________(ring)allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?26.Youknow,I___________(look)forajobforthreemonthsandthisismyfirstformalinterview.27.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe___________(play)inthemudallthemorning.28.I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He___________(prepare)foritformonths.29.—Youlookpale.—Iamtired.I___________(paint)thelivingroomallday.30.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.31.Danny__________(work)hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.

32.Thosecandidates___________(wait)inthehallforovertwohours.33.He___________(sleep)for6hoursandstillcan`twakeup.34.Mymother___________(clean)thefurniturethewholeweekend.35.Haveyoufinishedthereport?No,I___________(do)itallbymyself.36.Theseflowers___________(give)offastrangesmellthismorning.37.Marty___(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.38.It(rain)everydaysincethebeginningofthismonth.39.They

(be)hereforthreeyearsbytheendofthisyear.40.I(learn)ChineseformanyyearssinceIcametoChinathreeyearsago.41.Ithasetoourknowledgethatyou______(cheat)thepany.42.Eversincemiddleschool,he______(dream)abouttakingagreatbiketrip.43.Inrecentyears,militaryforces(assign)tohelpwithpeacekeeping.44.Forhalfamonth,he(prepare)fortheschoolbasketballgame.45.Inordertopletethetaskinadvance,she(bury)herselfintheworkthesedays.46.Thetobaccoindustry(try)toimproveitsimage.47.Thegroup(live)inaremotecorneroftheCambodianjungle.48.Jim(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.49.Thetwoparties___________(try)tounitesincetheNewYear.50.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.三、高考真题回顾：1.(2022·全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.

2.(2020北京卷)TheNeanderthals____________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.3.(2020北京卷)OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood____________(play)abigroleinhislife.4.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___________(make)overtheyears.四、语篇语法填空：(1)Asayoungmanofbothpassionandendurance,PerceBlackhorowhadlongbeendreaming1decentadventure.Sohedidn’tgiveupwhenSirErnestShackletonturneddownhisrequesttojointheexpedition.Perce2(secret)hidhimselfinacupboard,only3(find)threedaysaftertheysetoff.Hefeltfortunateandhappywhenhewasassignedasastewardinsteadof4(send)backhome.Itturnedouttobeatoughjourney.Theshipgot5(stick)intheiceastheyapproachedAntarcticaandtheyhadtoabandontheship.UndertheguidanceofSirErnest,they6(throw)awaynearlyeverythingexceptnecessitiesandabanjo,7kepttheirspiritsupduringthejourney.Survivalwasnoteasyandthingswentfrombadtoworse.FinallySirErnestleftforSouthGeorgiaIslandinordertofindhelp.ThedesperatesituationmadeyoungPerceBlackborowfeeldown8beebadtempered.Itwasthegenuine9(encourage)andconcernfromBlessFrankWildthatcheeredhimup.FrankandErnest’sresolveandperseverancefilledhimwithhope.Realizingthatheshouldn’tbeeselfishjustbecauseof10adversitytheywerefacedwith,helearnedtobeoptimisticanddetermined.(2)Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirfavoriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleafcolorsisamonreasongiven2theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Someshedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing；however,other4(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromthesuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5(call)theflightorfightresponse.Fallisatimeof6(reflect)andpreparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I’m718yearoldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisajobinprogress.TherearetimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealizelifekeeps8(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn’tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearntokeepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9(go)outtofollowsomepathorsidewalkanddiscover10fallmeanstoyou.(3)Ayoungman,while1(travel)throughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour–dayjourney,theyoungmanpresentedthewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiledwarmly,andthankedhisstudentverymuch3thesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudent4(leave),theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,5(say)itwasawful.Obviously,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretend6(like)it”Theteacherreplied,“Youtastethewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwas7(simple)thecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe8(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whether9isacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis10(appreciate).Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.(4)MaxWoosey,an11yearoldfromtheUnitedKingdom,hasspenthistimeduringCOVIDdoingsomething1(mean).Max’sfamilywerelookingaftertheirneighbor,Rick,whowas2(die)ofcancer.BeforeRickpassed3,hegaveMaxatentandhadhimpromisetohaveanadventure.So,afterRickdied,MaxdecidedtoraisemoneyfortheNorthDevonHospice,