人教（2019）版高中英语选择性必修第一册第一单元限时练（解析版）-教案课件-高中英语选择性必修一

人教(2019)版高中英语选择性必修第一册第一单元限时练

时间：100分钟分值：120

第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共8小题；每小题4分，满分32分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将

该项涂黑

A

Itcanbetoughtopullkidsawayfromtheircomputersandmobiledevicesthesedays.While

they'replayinggames,wouldn'titbegreatiftheycouldbelearningatthesametime?Good

educationalappsofferfunchallengesthatteachspecificgrade-levelskills.Herearefourthat

combinefunandlearning.

UnderstandingMath($3.99;iOS)

UnderstandingMathgoesbeyondbasiccomprehensiontogainadeeperunderstandingofthe

whysandhowsofmath.Theapptracksyourchild'sprogresstodeterminestrengthsand

weaknessesindifferentskillareas,andyoucancustomize(改制)yourchild'slearningexperience

tosuittheneeds.

WordCreativityKit($2.99;iOS)

WordCreativityKitaimsnotonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammar

rules.Theapppresentsaseriesofwordsfromsevencategories,suchasspaceorfantasy.Kidsadd

theirownwordstofinishthecompletethoughtsthatthesewordshaveinspired.

BarefootWorldAtlas($4.99;iOS)

BarefootWorldAtlashelpskidslearnaboutgeographyandworldcultureswithatouchofthe

screen.Eachregionfeaturesasetofsubtopicsfromwildlifeandnaturalfeaturestonative,and

architecture.Thesefactsandillustrationsaredeliveredinphotographs,sounds,andhundredsof

minivideos.

MyGrades&Homework(80.99;iOS)

Acombinationofgradesandhomeworktracker,MyGrades&Homeworkcanhelpyourchild

stayorganizedandontopoftheprogressinschool.Aconvenientcalendarandcourselistformat

offeraglanceatyourchild'sassignmentschedulethatheorshemightnotnormallygetfrom

standardhomeworkplanners.

1.Whichappisbeneficialtochildren'swritingskills?

A.UnderstandingMath.

B.WordCreativityKit.

C.BarefootWorldAtlas.

D.MyGrades&Homework.

2.Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?

A.Theyneedpurchasingwhendownloading.

B.Theyhelpchildrenimprovetheirgrades.

C.Theymakestudiesfunbymini-videos.

D.Theyinformparentsoftheirchildren'sprogress.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toaskreaderstobringinmoresimilarappsforchildren.

B.Toencourageparentstoallowtheirchildrentoplaygames.

C.Todesigneducationalappscombiningfunandlearning.

D.Tointroducefoureducationalappsforreaderstobuyanduse.

【1.答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据WordCreativityKit部分中的第一句话“WordCreativityKitaims

notonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammarrules.”可知，应选B项。

【2.答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据四个小标题后括号里的内容可知，四个应用程序都需要付费才能

下载，故选A项。

【3.答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句"Herearefourthatcombinefunandlearning.”可知，

作者写本篇文章的目的是给读者介绍四个寓教于乐的应用程序。

B

Notverylongago,thequestionwouldhaveseemedabsurd.Nowitisonthelipsofrespected

scientists;MPs（议员）arebeginningtotalkof“awaronsugar”,andevenEngland'schiefmedical

officerhassaidsugarmayhavetobe,liketheoldenemytobacco,taxedinordertoprotectthe

nation'shealth.

Therecameatimeintheevolutionofpublicattitudestosmoking,whenthedoctorshadbeen

shoutingforlongenoughthatthepublicwasbroadlyawareoftherisksandtheonlyquestionleft

forGovernmentwas:Whatshouldwedoaboutit?

Somebelievewearenowatthesamepointinourattitudestosugar.Others——largelybutnot

onlyrepresentativesofthefoodanddrinkindustry-saytheentiredebatehasbeenskewed（歪曲）

bythosewhospreadstoriesdeliberatelytomakepeoplenervous.

Moreorlesseveryoneagreesthateatingtoomuchsugarisbadforyou.Thereisalsono

doubtobesityisagrowingproblemwhichisputtingasignificant,avoidableburdenontheNHS

byincreasingtheratesofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandotherlong-termconditions.

Buttowhatextentissugar-ratherthansaturatedfats,orsalt,carbohydratesorproteins,or

anyoftheotherdevilsofmoderndiets——thecauseofobesityandhowmuchshouldweworry

aboutit?

Yesterday,hopesofachievinganythingresemblingclarityfromtheWorldHealth

Organization（WHO）wereconfusedonceagain,which,widelyexpectedtoreducethe

recommendedsugarintakebyahalfinnewdraftguidance,insteadsaiditwouldcontinueto

recommendthatsugarmakeupnomorethan10percentoftheenergyweconsume,whileadding

thatcuttingthistofivepercentwouldhave"'additionalbenefits^^.Thedecisionwillnowgooutto

publicconsultation.

SimonCapewell,professoroftheUniversityofLiverpool,saidthathesuspected"dirtywork”

onthepartoffoodanddrinkscompaniesmightliebehindtheWHO'slessthanresounding（强有

力的）message.

4.Whatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtosmoking?

A.Peoplemustseethedisadvantagesofsugarimmediately.

B.Itisnoteasyforauthoritiestorestrictorbansomething.

C.Sugarhasjustturnedouttobeasharmfulassmoking.

D.Itiseasyforpeopletoseebadeffectsofsomething.

5.WHOhaschangeditsideamainlybecause.

A.itthinksthedangerofsugartohealthisemphasizedtoomuch

B.ithasbeenputunderpressurebyfoodanddrinkscompanies

C.itbelievescertainamountofintakeofsugardoesusgood

D.itfindsitsafetotakeinasmuchsugaraspeopledonow

6.Whenreportingtheargumentaboutsugar,theauthorseemsto.

A.remainobjectiveB.standbythoseagainstit

C.believeitharmlessD.holdtheviewof"wait-and-see”

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IsSugartheNewEvil?B.HowMuchSugarDoYouTakeDaily?

C.IsSugartoBeTaxed?D.HowMuchDoYouKnowaboutSugar?

【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。如今人们认为糖分的摄入会对身体造成危害，但是对于摄入量的

多少并不确定，人们对于糖分的态度也各有不同。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“MPs（议员）arebeginningtotalkof"awaronsugar””

（议员们开始谈论“对糖的战争“）可知，议员们认为限制糖是非常困难的，根据“even

England'schiefmedicalofficerhassaidsugarmayhavetobe,liketheoldenemytobacco,taxed

inordertoprotectthenation'shealth”（就连英国的首席医疗官也说，为了保护国民的健康，

糖可能也要像烟草那样被征税）可知，糖和烟草一样，再根据第二段第一句"Therecameatime

intheevolutionofpublicattitudestosmoking,whenthedoctorshadbeenshoutingforlong

enoughthatthepublicwasbroadlyawareoftherisks"（公众对吸烟的态度出现了一段时间的演

变，当时医生们已经大声疾呼了足够长的时间，公众对吸烟的风险有了广泛的认识）可知，

转变公众对吸烟的态度是需要非常长的时间的努力的，非常艰难。所以此处提到吸烟是为了

表明对当局来说，限制或禁止某事并不容易。故选B。

4细节理解题。根据倒第二段第一句中的“whileaddingthatcuttingthistofivepercentwould

have“additionalbenefits"”（同时补充说，削减到5%会有“额外的好处”）可知，WHO改变主

意主要是因为它认为一定量的糖对我们有益。故选C。

6.推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreorlesseveryoneagreesthateatingtoomuchsugarisbadfor

you.Thereisalsonodoubtobesityisagrowingproblemwhichisputtingasignificant,avoidable

burdenontheNHSbyincreasingtheratesofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandotherlong-term

conditions.（或多或少每个人都同意吃太多的糖对你不好。毫无疑问，肥胖是一个日益严重

的问题，它增加了糖尿病、心脏病和其他长期疾病的发病率，给NHS带来了一个可避免的

重大负担。）”可知，在报道关于糖的争论时，作者似乎站在那些反对它的人一边。故选B。

7.主旨大意题。根据的主要内容,尤其第五段“Buttowhatextentissugar—ratherthansaturated

fats,orsalt,carbohydratesorproteins,oranyoftheotherdevilsofmoderndiets——thecauseof

obesityandhowmuchshouldweworryaboutit?95（但是，在多大程度上，是糖----而不是饱

和脂肪、盐、碳水化合物或蛋白质，或任何其他现代饮食中的魔鬼——导致了肥胖？我们应

该对它有多大的担忧?）可知，作者表述了反对糖和支持糖的人的观点，讨论糖是否是新的

饮食中的魔鬼。故选A。

C

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftafterseven

months,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,

hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.

Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,which

talksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeen

destroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingto

astrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely

24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsin

Tashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarker

sideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswayto

Bukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattends

amountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heis

saddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistalea

well-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudgmentandreferencesare

decidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravel

norapieceof

reportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentral

Asiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends'invitation.

B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.

D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”thatninparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【8答案】B

【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

Uzbekistan”可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，故B项符合题

~?7*.

后、O

【9.答案】D

【解析】考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea”可知，Tom回到乌兹别克

斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词"that”指代上文中提到的“写

文章”这件事。

【10.答案】B

【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"madeoffriendlinessand

warmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety"可知Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。

eventful意为”充满大事的，多变故的”，符合文意。A项在文中没有体现，C项与D项

表述片面，故选B。

【n.答案】A

【解析】考查写作意图。文章开头引出TomBissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分

别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是

向读者推荐这本书，所以选A项。

D

Theproblemofrobocallshasgotsobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfrom

numberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.Weare

finallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,

appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoo

littleandtoolate.Bythetimethese"solutionsnbecomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhave

movedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it*snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyour

screenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingis

actuallyreal.

That*sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulations（处理）,andautomation

technologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear*sGoogle's

I/Oconference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincing

human-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithout

detection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.The

reasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdata

breaches（数据泄露）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasily

learnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they'reabletocarryout

individuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeansthatascammercouldcallyoufrom

whatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyour

bankteller's,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother*sname,andcard

number.Scammersfollowthemoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstill

doneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voice

manipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersand

consumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.

Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenand

whotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowarddata-based

communications-usinglikeFaceTimeAudioorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfrom

hereonout.

12.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?

A.Frightened.B.Confused.

C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

13.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,whatcanscammersdo?

A.Aimatvictimsprecisely.

B.Damagedatabaseseasily.

C.Startcampaignsrapidly.

D.Spreadinformationwidely.

14.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.

C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocalls

C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

【12答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfbrtunately,it'stoolittleandtoolate.Bythetimethese

solutions'becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知，作者

认为这些解决方案太少，出现得也太晚，人们无法及时应对诈骗，由此可知作者对它们的态

度是“失望的”，故选D项。

【13答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodo

withamountthanprecision.”可知，自动语音电话让人头疼的原因更在于它的精准度而不是数

量；再根据后文的“Adecadeofdatabreachesofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwhere

scammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'snameandfarmore."KT知，欺诈者可以获取个人信息数

据。由此可知，新技术可以帮助欺诈者精准地进行欺诈，故选A项。

【14答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Atthisyear*sGoogledI/Oconference,acompany

showedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatit

wasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.”可知,此处指出了声

音技术的优势；第三段中的"Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswith

robocallsmuchworse.

又指出，这一技术上的发展会让现存的问题更糟糕。由此可知，这种声音技术有两面性，是

一把双刃剑，故选B项。

.【15答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。文章在第一段引出话题——自动语音电话会给人们带来危害；第二段

和第三段阐述产生危害的原因；第四段阐述了减轻相关危害的方法；最后一段指出信任是很

难获得又很容易失去的东西，而由此引发的相关问题也会更加难以解决。整篇文章都是在逐

步阐述自动语音电话愈发危险的状况，故选C项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

Everyday,wearefacedwithchallengesanduncertainties.Whilethesearethingsthatareout

ofourcontrol,wecanmostcertainlycontrolhowwereactandfeelinsuchsituations.16.

Optimismisasimpleyetpowerfulmindsetthatcanaffectusinmanyways.

Anoptimistwillbemorecommittedtowardshisgoals.Whensomepeoplesetagoalthey

don'taccountfortheproblemstheyruninto.Theyviewthemasbarriersthatcan'theremoved.

Thisiswhytheminutesomethingdoesn'tgoasplannedtheystarttoshrinkandgiveup.17.Infact,

anoptimisticpersonwillmerelylookattheproblemsasnewexperiencesandnewpossibilities.

Heunderstandsthatfailureisjustpartoftheprocessandwelcomesitwithopenarms.

18.AsurveyconductedbyGallupfoundthatonly35percentofUSmanagersareoccupiedin

theirjobs.ThislackofdevotionanditsinfluenceonemployeescoststheUSapproximately$77

billionto$96billioneachyear.Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheiremployees.19.Above

all,optimismoffersahealthierandlongerlife.AstudyfromtheUniversityofPittsburgh

concludedthatthosewhohaveanoptimisticviewpointhavea30percentlowerriskofheart

disease.20Additionally,researchpublishedintheCanadianMedicalAssociationJournalfound

thatoptimistsarelesslikelytoexperiencedisabilitiesastheygetolderandenduplivinglonger.

Inlife,movementandgrowthisimportantandnecessary,whichoptimismhelpsusachieve.

A.Theyseefailureasanewstart.

B.Wecanlearntokeepoptimistic.

C.Optimistsalsospreadagoodatmosphere.

D.Theythinkaboutpossiblepositiveoutcomes.

E.Thafsbecausetheyaregenerallyhappierandlessstressed.

F.Ontheotherhand,anoptimisticpersonismoreopentoproblems.

□.Similarly,havingapositiveattitudecaninspireeveryonearoundus.

【答案】16.B17.F18.C19.G20.E

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我

们。

16.根据空格前一句"Whilethesearethingsthatareoutofourcontrol,wecanmostcertainly

controlhowwereactandfeelinsuchsituations.（虽然这些都是我们无法控制的事情，但我们可

以很肯定地控制我们在这种情况下的反应和感受）”可知，我们虽然有很多不能控制的事情，

但是却能控制我们的反映和感受；再结合文章下文“Optimismisasimpleyetpowerfulmindset

thatcanaffectusinmanyways.（乐观是一种简单而有力的心态，可以在许多方面影响我们）“

可知，空格处应该引入乐观这一主题。B项Wecanlearntokeepoptimistic（我们可以学习乐

观）引出乐观这个主题。故选B。

17.根据空格前“Whensomepeoplesetagoaltheydon'taccountfortheproblemstheyruninto.

Theyviewthemasbarriersthatcan'theremoved.Thisiswhytheminutesomethingdoesn'tgoas

plannedtheystarttoshrinkandgiveup.（当一些人设定目标时，他们没有考虑他们遇到的问题。

他们将其视为无法消除的障碍。这就是为什么一旦事情没有按计划进行，他们就会开始退缩

和放弃）”可知，有些人在制定目标时没有考虑会存在的问题，所以会经常放弃。然后结合空

格后“Infact,anoptimisticpersonwillmerelylookattheproblemsasnewexperiencesandnew

possibilities.（事实上，乐观的人只会把这些问题看成是新的经历和新的可能性）''可知，空格

处应该陈述乐观主义者在遇到问题时该怎么办。F项Ontheotherhand,anoptimisticpersonis

moreopentoproblems（另一方面，乐观的人更容易面对问题）陈述了乐观者面对问题的态度，

承上启下。故选F。

18.根据下文“AsurveyconductedbyGallupfoundthatonly35percentofUSmanagersare

occupiedintheirjobs.ThislackofdevotionanditsinfluenceonemployeescoststheUS

approximately$77billionto$96billioneachyear.Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheir

employees.（盖洛普公司开展的一项调查发现，美国只有35%的经理在专心工作。这种缺乏奉

献精神及其对员工的影响每年使美国损失约770亿至960亿美元。乐观的领导者可以帮助激

励他们的员工）“可知，在公司中，如果领导是个乐观的人，公司的效益会很好。相反地，如

果领导缺乏奉献精神那么会造成巨大的损失。由此推知，本段主要在讲述，在公司之中需要

良好的氛围，这样可以带动大家。C项Optimistsalsospreadagoodatmosphere（乐观主义者也

传播了一种良好的氛围）满足本段段意。故选C。

19.根据空格前一句"Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheiremployees（乐观的领导者可以

帮助激励他们的员工）”可知，此处在陈述乐观的领导者会带动他的员工。由此推知，下文应

该讲述乐观的人也会带动周围的人。G项Similarly,havingapositiveattitudecaninspire

everyonearoundus（同样，积极的态度可以激励我们周围的每一个人）承接上文。故选G。

20.根据空格前一句"Pittsburghconcludedthatthosewhohaveanoptimisticviewpointhavea

30percentlowerriskofheartdiseased匹兹堡大学的一项研究得出结论，那些乐观的人患心脏

病的风险降低了30%）»可知，乐观的人患心脏病的风险降低了30%,由此推知下文应该分析

这一现象产生的原因。E项Thafsbecausetheyaregenerallyhappierandlessstressed（这是因为

他们通常更快乐，压力也更小）陈述了这个原因。故选E。

第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处

的最佳选项。

Myadviserinterviewedmeoverthephone.He21myundergraduaterecordand

thoughtIhadagraduatedegree.

Therefore,Iwas22tothePh.D.program.Hewelcomedmeintohislabevenafter

knowingthe23.

Ibegantogetintoarunningstart.I24myselfintoreadingeverypaperfoundand

testingscientificquestions.Butfouryearslater,IfeltlostbecauseI25passedmy

qualifyingexam.Thenafriendaskedmetovolunteerasabarmanatagala（盛会）.1was26

atfirst,havingneverworkedbehindabar,27Isaidyesintheend.Ispentanevening

28cuttingfruitanddoingotherunskilledtasks.Iwastiredbutalsofeltunbelievable

-surprisinghowmuch29Ihad.

Later,IrealizedthereasonwhyIenjoyedthisexperiencesomuchwasthatthe30

ofthisjobwereexactlywhatIwas31frommyPh.D.program.Itwasonlyphysically

tiring,forthetasksIdidwere32.Atthatpoint,Ihadnothadapausein33

ashardasIcouldforfouryears,andIwascompletely34ofthetoll（损害）itwas

takingonmyspirit.Sincethen,I'vetriedtogivemymindmore35.

21.A.disbelievedB.rejectedC.misreadD.mixed

【答案】c

【解析】根据空后的“myundergraduaterecordandthoughtIhadagraduatedegree"可知，他误

读（misread）了作者的学士学位，以为作者有硕士学位。disbelieve”不相信，怀疑”;reject”拒

绝”;mix“混合”。

22.A.introducedB.admittedC.accompaniedD.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】根据下文中的"Hewelcomedmeintohislab”可知，作者被准许加入（admitted）博士

课程了。introduce”介绍,弓|进”;accompany”陪同，陪伴”;compensate”补偿

23.A.criterionB.gapC.weaknessD.error

【答案】D

【解析】根据上文可知，他误读了作者的学士学位，且把作者加进了博士课程，故此处表示

即使发现了错误（error）他还是欢迎作者到他的实验室。criterion”标准”;gap"差距”;weakness”

弱点、

24.A.arguedB.trickedC.threwD.frightened

【答案】C

【解析】作者投身于阅读自己能找到的每一篇论文。argueoneselfinto”说服自己（做某事）

";trickoneselfinto”骗自己（做某事）“仙rowoneselfinto”投身于，热衷于";fright6noneselfinto"

把自己吓得（做某事）%

25.A.merelyB.surprisinglyC.easilyD.barely

【答案】D

【解析】根据空前的"Butfouryearslater,!feltlostbecause"可知，此处表示虽然作者那么努

力，但是他的资格考试勉强(barely)才及格。merely"仅仅";surprisingly"惊人地";easily"轻松

地"。

26.A.optimisticB.thrilledC.confusedD.hesitant

【答案】D

【解析】根据下文中的"havingneverworkedbehindabar"可知，作者从来没有在吧台工作过。

由此可知，此处表示作者一开始是犹豫的(hesitant)。optimistic"乐观的";thrilled"兴奋的

「confused"迷惑的"。

27.A.butB.soC.andD.or

【答案】A

【解析】作者一开始是犹豫的，而下文提到作者最后答应了，由此可知，空处前后构成转折

关系，故用buto

28.A.goingaboutB.lookingthroughC.burstinginD.carryingon

【答案】A

【解析】根据空后提到的工作内容和下文的"tired”可知，此处表示作者一整个晚上都在忙着

切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活儿。goabout"忙于"。

29.A.joyB.experienceC.skillD.comfort

【答案】A

【解析】根据下文的"whyIenjoyed...somuch"可知，作者感到难以置信----惊叹于自己从中

感到的乐趣。

3O.A.designsB.chancesC.varietiesD.demands

【答案】D

【解析】作者意识到这是因为这份工作的要求(demands)正是他在博士课程中所错过(missing)

的。design"设计";chance”机会";variety”品种。

31.A.missingB.sufferingC.learningD.avoiding

【答案】A

【解析】参见上题解析。

32.A.boringB.meaningfulC.simpleD.vague

【答案】C

【解析】根据上文中的"cuttingfruitanddoingotherunskilledtasks”可知，此处表示作者做的

工作很简单(simple)。boring”无聊的，令人厌烦的"；meaningful”有意义的”;vague”模糊的，

含糊的”。

33.A.hittingB.thinkingC.winningD.complaining

【答案】B

【解析】作者四年来都尽可能不休息，一直努力思考(thinking)o

34.A.nervousB.ashamedC.proudD.unaware

【答案】D

【解析】作者完全没有意识至沱带给自己精神上的损害。benervousof"害怕”;beashamedof'

为...感到羞愧”;beproudof"为……感到自豪”;beunawareof”没有意识到”。

35.A.practicesB.motivationsC.breaksD.reasons

【答案】C

【解析】根据作者的这次经历和"Ihadnothadapause”可知，此处表示，从那以后，作者试

着让他的大脑有更多的休息(breaks)。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Whenyoureadabook,you'veprobablynoticedthatabrand-newbookhasaratherspecial

smell,36differsfromthatofanoldbook.Wheredoes37

comefrom?Threesources-thepaper,theinkandtheglue.

Around105A.D.,theChinesefirstinventedpaper,oneofthe

greatest38(invent)intheworld.Itismade39wood.The

woodmustbeprocessedwithvariouschemicals40(add)tochangeits

structure,toremoveacidandtowhitenthepaper.Thencomestheink-therearemanykinds.Some

inksfadewithtime,whileothersget41(dark)thantheywereyearsago.Finally,

differentgluesareusedtojointhesheetstogetherandattachthecovers,whetherhardcovers

42paperbacks.Therefore,youcansmelldifferentchemicals

43(come)outofyournewbook.

Today,theformsofbooks44(change)dramaticallysincethebirthof

e-books.Theymightbe45(convenience),butyoucan'tgiveyourcopyto

othersasapresent,andtheydon'tsmellgood.

36.【答案】

which【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：当你读书的时候，你可能已经注意到，一本崭新的

书会有一种很特别的味道，这种味道和一本旧书（的味道）不同。分析句子成分可知，此处

引导非限制性定语从句，修饰aratherspecialsmell,且在句中作主语，故填whicho

37.【答案】it/that/this

【解析】考查代词。结合语境可知，此处指代上文提到的aratherspecialsmell,可用it,that或

this来指代。

38.【答案】inventions

【解析】考查词性转换和名词单复数。句意为：大约在公元105年，中国人首先发明了纸,

这是世界上最伟大的发明之一。“oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……

之一”，此处应用名词复数形式，故填inventions。

39.【答案】from

【解析】考查介词。bemadeof...意为“由...构成（可看出原材料）“；bemadefrom…意为

“由……构成（看不出原材料）”，根据常识可知，纸是由木材制成的，看不出原材料，故填

from。

40.【答案】added

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：木材中必须加入各种化学物质进行加工以改变其结构、

除酸，并使纸张变白。句中谓语动词是mustbeprocessed,故此处应用非谓语形式，且add与

chemicals之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填added。

41.【答案】darker

【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：有些墨水会随时间而褪色，而另一些与几年前相

比会变得更黑。根据空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填darker。

42.【答案】or

【解析】考查固定用法。句意为：最后，无论是精装书还是平装书，它们都使用不同的胶水

把这些纸张粘在一起并附上书皮。whether...or...意