2017陕西中考时态和语态

中考英语二轮复习资料中考专项复习——动词时态及语态语法学习表时态意义标志词语构成公式被动语态一般现在时经常性习惯性的动作，存在的状态，或客观真理often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday主语+V原形（主语是第三人称单数时，V加s或es）主语+is/am/are+V过分现在进行时现在正在发生的动作now，Look!,Listen!，atthismoment主语+am/is/are+V-ing主语+am/is/are+being+V过分现在完成时过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在already,yet,since,sofar主语+have/has+V过分主语+have/has+been+V过分一般过去时过去发生的动作yesterday，lastweek,…ago,in1998,justnow主语+V过去式主语+was/were+V过分过去进行时过去时间内正发生的动作或存在的状态atthistimeyesterday,justthen,at6:00lastSunday,when+一般过去时主语+was/were+V-ing主语+was/were+being+V过分过去完成时过去已完成的动作bytheendof+过去的时间，bythetime+一般过去时主语+had+V过分主语+had+been+V过分一般将来时将要发生的动作或将来的状态tomorrow,nextweek,inthefuture,intwodays,in2100主语+am/is/aregoingto+V原形，或主语+will+V原形主语+willbe+V过分过去将来时过去时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句主语+was/were+goingto+V原形，或主语+would+V原形主语+would+be+V过分现在完成进行时过去的动作一直延续到现在“since+时间点/从句/时间点ago”或“for+时间段”主语+have/has+been+V-ing含情态动词can/may/must等+V原形can/may/must等+be+V过分考点1一般现在时有哪些特殊用法？【活学活用】Threeplustwo_________（be）five.2、Theteachersaidthatlight______________（travel）fasterthansound.3、Ifyou____________（ask）hertomorrow,shewillhelpyou.考点2如何使用usedto?“过去常常”“习惯做某事”/“被用来……”【活学活用】1、Sheusedtoplayneartheriver.(改为否定句)__________________________________________________________________________Thechildrendidn’tusetocomehereearly,_____________________？(补全反意疑问句)考点3一般将来时有哪些形式？考点4现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别？二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系。【活学活用】1.—你做作业了吗？—做了。__________________________________________________________________________2.—什么时候做的？—昨天晚上。__________________________________________________________________________考点5havebeento,havebeenin和havegoneto有何区别？havebeenin表示______________；havebeento表示______________，常与ever,never,…before,once,twice等连用；havegoneto表示______________。【活学活用】Tim___________________out.He’llbebackinanhour.Jim___________________thiscityfortwoyears.__________youever____________Jinan?Ithassomefamoussprings.考点6现在完成时的句子，谓语何时用瞬间动词，何时用延续动词？若表示持续性的动作，常与表示一段时间的状语如thesedays,inthepastfewyears,duringthelastthreemonths,fortwoyears,sofar,uptonow,tillnow等连用。注意：瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用，必须改为延续动词，记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用：【活学活用】1、I__________________（buy）thisbicycleforfiveyears.2、Youcan________________（borrow）itfortwodays.3、Thefilm________________（begin）forfiveminutes.4、Howlong______________you_________________（go）thisschool?5、Theoldman___________________（die）since2000.6.Theygotmarriedtwoyearsago.=It_______________________sincetheygotmarried.7、Wecametothisschoolthreeyearsago.=We__________________________thisschool__________threeyears.动词变动词：动词变动词：buy→have,borrow→keep变为“be+adj./adv.”：begin→beon,close/open→beclosed/open,die→bedead,finish→beover,getup→beup,marry→bemarried,go→beoff,come→behere,return→beback,arrive→behere变为“be+介词短语”：come/go→bein/at,join→bein(或“be+成员”)，puton→wear(或bein)考点7如何将主动语态变为被动语态？主动句变为被动句的方法是：一看动词，二换主语，三变谓语。1、主动句有双宾语，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，但若将直接宾语用作主语，后面要使用___________引出间接宾语。Hegavemeabookyesterday.→Iwasgivenabookyesterday./Abookwasgiventomeyesterday.2、动词短语是一个不可分的整体，变化时不能丢掉介词或副词。Youshouldspeaktomepolitely.→Ishouldbespokentopolitely.(to不可少)3、带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补在原位置不动。Isawamanplayingbasketballthere.→Amanwasseenplayingbasketballthere.4、在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略to，但在被动句中to要补出。Ourparentsmakeusstudyhard.→Wearemadetostudyhard.【活学活用】将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态1、Thestudentscleantheroomeveryday.2、Shegavemetwentyyuanlastweek.3、Thegirlhastakencareoftheblindmenforfiveyears.考点8哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义？1、系动词，如look,feel,taste,smell等。Themusicsoundsbeautiful.这音乐听起来很美。2、sell,write,drive等词作不及物动词，其主语为物时。Thiskindofclothessellswell.这种衣服卖得很好。3、在beworthdoingsth.中的doing。Thebasketballmatchiswellworthwatching.这场篮球赛很值得看。4、在need,want,require等表示“需要”的动词后接V-ing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。Mykitewantsmending.我的风筝需修理。【活学活用】Thiskindoffood_______________（smell）hot.Thelatestmodelcars________________（sell）well.Theball-pen_________________（write）smoothly.Thebookisworth______________（read）.Yourhairwants_____________（cut）.考点9被动语态有哪些习惯用法？据说……__________________________众所周知……__________________________据报道……__________________________大家相信……__________________________专练根据汉语提示，用适当的词填空，完成下面的句子1、____________________________（据说）wewillhaveanEnglishexamtomorrow.2、____________________________(众所周知)mostfamilieshaveonebikeatleast.3、____________________________(大家相信)ourgovernmentwillsolvethisproblem.随堂练习7.I_____scaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe5.－BenandSuearen’thome,arethey?

－No.They_____toLondononbusiness.A.havegoneB.goC.havebeenD.willgo18.－Whydidthecarhittheboy?

－Becausethedriver_____onthephoneatthattime.A.talkB.istalkingC.wastalkingD.havetalked6.MissBrown,we_____cleaningourclassroom.Canwegohomenow?A.finishB.finishingC.arefinishedD.havefinished10.－Icalledyouathalfpastninethismorning,buttherewasnoanswer.

－Oh,sorry.I_____withmycousininthesupermarket.A.shoppingB.wasshoppingC.shoppedD.willshop9.－Doyouhaveanyplansfortonight?

－Yes,I_____atthenewItalianrestaurantintown.A.eatB.haveeatenC.ateD.amgoingtoeat9.PremierZhouEnlai_____formanyyears,hestilllivesintheheartsofChinesepeople.A.diedB.wasdiedC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead10.Marywithherparentsoften_____forawalkintheparkaftersupper.A.goB.isgoingC.aregoingD.goes11.We_____somerobotsathomeinthefuture,andthere_____someintheoffice,too.A.willhave;willhaveB.have;willbeC.willhave;willbeD.willhave;are6.－Ourclassmateswenttoaconcertyesterdayafternoon.

－Whatapity!I_____myhomework.A.haddoneB.wasdoingC.amdoingD.woulddo5.Stopsmoking,Joe!You_____yourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat!A.willkillB.havekilledC.killD.killed8.－HaveyouwatchedthenewmovieJurassicworld,Steven?

－Notyet.I_____itwithmycousinthisevening.A.willwatchB.waswatchingC.watchedD.havewatched9.Toomanypeoplewereabsent.Thechairpersonwarnedthathe_____themeetingifnecessary.A.wouldcancelB.cancelledC.wouldstarD.started13.Motheroftentellsme,“Ihopeyou_____whatI_____youtodoatschool!”A.won’tforget;havetoldB.don’tforget;willtellC.didn’tforget;tellD.haven’tforgotten;amtelling4.Pleasewait.She_____toyouinafewminutes.A.talkB.talkedC.havetalkedD.willtalk17.－Whenshallwebeginourmeeting?

－We’llbeginitwhenHelen_____.A.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.come5.－Lily,willyougotoJenny’sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?

－I’mnotsure