航海英语阅读理解64

=====Reading=====

failingtoidentifypre-shipmentdamageandneglectingtomakeappropriatenotationsonbillsof

ladingwilldeprivetheCarrierofhisrights,limitationsandimmunitiesunderthecontractof

carriageandmayprejudiceClubcover.Assertionsaresometimesmadebycargointereststhat

mstonaparticularshipmentisnormalandwillnotaffectitsmarketvalue.Suchcomments

shouldbedisregarded.Inallcaseswhereasteelcargoisfoundtoberusty,itisimperativethat

Remarksaremadeonthebillsoflading,irrespectiveoftheapparentseverityoftherust.Thebills

ofladingshouldalsobeclausedtoreflectanyphysicalpre-shipmentdamagetothesteeland/or

wrappers(bends,tears,crimps,dents,Deformation,crushing).Selectingthemostappropriate

clausestodescribepre-shipmentdamageisnotalwayseasy,andtheattendingsurveyorshould

beconsultedforadvice.wherepossible,theclausingshouldlisttheidentificationmarksofthe

damagedGOODs,failingwhichthenumberofCoilsorpackagesshouldtified.Percentage

estimatesregardingthenumberofdamagedpiecesshouldnotbegiven.Ifitisnotpossibleto

identifythedamagedGOODsspecifically,thewords'4some"or"several“maybeacceptable.Any

differencesfoundbetweentheshipandshoretallyorshipandbillofladingfiguresmustbenoted

onthebillofladingintheusualmanner.

150300l-3028.TheclausingonB/Listoreflectandmakenotationofthecargoesand/or

theirwrappers.

*A.alldamagesincurredduringthecarriagebyseato

*B.allpossibledamagestoand/orlossesof

*C.physicalpre-shipmentdamagesto

*D.pre-shipmentdamagesto

★Key:D

1503002-3029.Thepre-shipmentrustsforwhichthereareassertionsmadebycargointereststhat

theyarenormalandwouldnotaffectthecargo'smarketvalueshall.

*A.beclausedontheBillofLading

*B.notbeclausedontheBillofLading

*C.bedisregarded

*D.notbedisregarded

★Key:A

15O3OO3-3O3O.Thepropertopicofthisparagraphis.

*A.ThePrinciplesforClausingonBillsofLading

*B.LossesofandDamagestoSteelCargoes

*C.LegalActionstoBeTakenWhenLossesofandDamagestoCargoesIncurred

*D.TheFunctionsofClausesMadeonBillsofLading

★Key:A

1503004-3031.Thisparagraphismostlikelycompiledtoprotecttheinterestsof.

*A.thecarriersB.theshippers

*C.themerchants

*D.thecargoowners

★Key:A

—,——2—————

MVMagellanwasinboundfromRotterdamtoberth207atSouthamptonContainerTerminal.At

0530thepilotboardedtheshipattheNabTowerpilotstation.Thepilot*sandthemaster's

passageplanswereexchangedandtheship'spilotcardwasgiventothepilot.Thepassage

continuedalongtheEastSolent,duringwhichtimetherewerevariousVHFradioconversations

betweenvesselsandSouthamptonVTS,aboutrestrictedvisibility.TheVTSofficergavethe

pilotacountdownfrom5to2cablestotheGurnardbuoy.Thiswasgivensothatthepilotcould

judgethetimingofthewheel-overmanoeuvreforthe1410turnintothenarrowThorn

Channel.Thewheel-overoccurredatabout0652andtheshipbegantoturn.Atthistime,theW

BrambleandNEGurnardbuoys,whichareattheentrancetoThomChannel,couldnotbeseen

becauseofrestrictedvisibility.VarioushelmandenginemovementsweremadeDuringthe

turn.However,whenWBrambleandNEGurnardbuoysappeared,thepilotrealizedthattheship

wasinthewrongpositionfortheheadingshewason.Despitefurtherhelmandengineorders,

thevesselgroundedsoonafter,at0700.Itwasnotuntilabout0710thattheescortharborlaunch

informedVTSofthegrounding.Withtheassistanceoftwotugs,theshipwasrefloatednearthe

timeofhighwater,andshesafelyberthedat1232.

1503005-3032.MVMagellanappliedwheelattoturnintothenarrowThomChannel.

*A.0530

*B.0652

*C.0700

*D.0710

★Key:B

1503006-3033.TheimportantnavigationalmarkormarksattheentrancetotheThornChannelis

(are).

*A.SouthamptonContainerTerminal

*B.theEastSolent

*C.theNabTower

*D.theWBrambleandNEGurnardbuoys

★Key:D

1503007-3034.Thesuggestionofacountdownfrom5to2cablestotheGurnardbuoyis

*A.forthepilottojudgeeasilywhenthewheelshouldbeusedtomaketheturnintothenarrow

ThomChannel

*B.toremindthepilotthatthedeptharoundthereisnotsufficientforMVMagellan

*C.toinformthepilotthatthevisibilityaroundthebuoyisreducedfurther

*D.torequestthepilotthatfurtherconsiderationshouldbegiventothewheel-overmanoeuvre

for9the141turn

★Key:A

1503008-3035.Itcanbeconcludedthatthecauseofthegroundingwasthat.

*A・theBrambleandNEGurnardbuoysweredisappeared

*B.theVHFradioconversationsbetweenvesselsandSouthamptonVTS,aboutrestricted

visibility,wereinsufficientandimproper

*C.ThornChannelwastoonarrow

*D.therewasanerrorofjudgmentbythepilotduringtheexecutionoftheturnintoThorn

Channel

★Key:D

=====•3_____

theendorsementofanonnegotiablebilldoesnotmakethebillnegotiableorgivethetransferee

anyadditionalright.APersontowhomanonnegotiablebillhasbeentransferredbydeliveryand

agreementtotransfertitletothebillortothegOODswhichitrepresentsacquiresthetitletothe

GOODsasagainstthetransferor.ThetransfereemayalsonotifytheCarrierofthetransferto

him,andthecarrieristhenobligateddirectlytothetransfereeforanyobligationsthecarrier

owedtothetransferorimmediatelybeforethenotification.morespecifically,thecarrieris

liabletotheownerofGOODstransportedunderanonnegotiablebill,subjecttotheRightof

stoppageintransit.BesideshavingtobetheowneroftheGOODscoveredbythenonnegotiable

bill,theClaimantinsuchacasemusthaveactuallyreliedinGOODfaithonstatementsmadeby

thecarrieronthebill.TheCarrierisliableforhavingstatedonthebillthathereceivedGOODs

wheninfacthehadnot,andforhavingdeliveredtheGOODsinaquantity,kind,weightor

conditionotherthanasstatedonthebill.ingeneral,thecarriermustdelivertheGOODson

demandoftheconsigneenamedinanonnegotiablebillofLading.However,ontheendorsement

ofanonnegotiablebill,theGOODsmaybedeliveredtoapartyentitledtotheirPossession.The

carrierisliabletowardthepersonhavingtitleto,orarighttopossessionof,theGOODsfor

deliveringthemtoapartynotentitledtotheirpossession.

1503009-3036.Theendorsementofanonnegotiablebilltransfers.

*A.thetitletotheGOODsfromthetransferortothetransferee

*B.thetitletotheGOODsfromthetransfereetothetransferor

*C.innowaythetitletotheGOODsfromthetransferortothetransferee

*D.theGOODstothepartyentitledtotheirpossession

★Key:C

1503010-3037.ThetransfereeofanonnegotiablebillacquiresthetitletotheGOODs.

*A.bytakingdeliveryofthebillandenteringintoanagreementtotransfertitletothebillor

totheGOODS

*B.byhavingthecarrieractuallydeliveredtheGOODstohim

*C.byhavingthetransferorendorsedthenonnegotiablebill

*D.innoway

★Key:A

1503011-3038.Intheeventofanonnegotiablebillhasbeenactuallytransferred,ifthecarrier

statedonthebillthathereceivedGOODswheninfacthehadnot,isliable.

0

*B.thetransferor

*C.thetransferee

*D.thepersonhavingtitleto,orarighttopossessionof,theGOODs

★Key:A

1503012-3039.IftheGOODswerethustransferred,andthecarrierdeliveredtheGOODsina

quantity,kind,weightorconditionotherthanasstatedonthebill,.

*A.heisliable

*B.heisnotliable

*C.itcannotbedeterminedwhetherheisliableornot

*D.whetherheisliableornotistobedeterminedbythelawoftheship,sflag

★Key:A

1620070900LTmASTERSIDUSDEARCAPTAINqUOTESAILINGINSTRUCTIONS

FORYRVESSELtHISISR.S.PLATOU,OSLOsUBJ：FIXTUREOFYRVSLyOUARE

KINDLYREQUESTEDTOPROCEEDTOSANNICOLAS(POSITIONS15°14f,WO

75°14')TOLOADBLASTFURNACEPELLETSFORKAOHSIUNG,

TAIWAN.(POSITIONN22°37',E120°15f).STOWAGEFACTOR0.461

CUBICMETERSPERMETRICTONNEACCORDINGTOTIMECHARTERER

SHOUGANGHIERROPERUS.A.LAYCAN：16OCT/26OCTqUANTITY：FULLCARGO

tERMS：ACCORDINGTOTIMECHARTERNYPE：FIO0aGENTLOADPORT：

CONSORCIOEMPRESARIALAGNAVS.A.tELEPHONE(0051)330-6605FAX：(0051)

330-2664aGENTDISCHPORT：TOBECOMMUNICATEDTOUSHORTLY.REPORTS：

ETAMUSTBESENT“MINIHIERRO”LIMAANDTOSANNICOLAS5DAYSIN

ADVANCE,ANDCONFIRMED48HRSAND24HRSBEFOREARRIVALSPECIAL

ATTENTION：WHENCONTACTMADEWITHTHERADIOSTATIONOASATSANJUAN,

APRE-STOWAGEHATCHLISTWITHSEQUENCEOFLOADINGTOBESENTTOLOAD

PORTNOTLESStHAN48HRSINADVANCE.THERADIOSTATIONWILLALSO

COMMUNICATEBERTHINGINSTRUCTIONS.ONARRIVALSUPPLIERREQUIRES

YOURPRE-STOWAGEPLANPRIORTOLOADING,tOTALCARGO,ESTIMATED

HATCHTONNAGE,LOADINGSEQUENCE,FUELWATERANDSTORESONbOARD,

DRAUGHT,STABILITYANDTRIMONFINISHINGLOADING.DEBALLASTING：

ALLOWEDATBERTHPROVIDEDCLEANSUBJECTTOAPPROVALBYPORT

aUTHORITY.SURVEYS：HOLDSTOBEINSPECTEDBEFORELOADING.CARGO

OFFICERTOACCOMPANYiNSPECTOR.ONANDOFFHIRESURVEYSREQUIRED

ACCORDINGTOCHARTERPARTY.fURTHERINSTRUCTIONSTOFOLLOW

SHORTLY.bESTREGARDSROTASJ/KNMeNDQUOTE

1503013-3040.ThenominatedagentfortheVesselattheloadingportis.

*A.MINIHIERRO

*B.CONSORCIOEMPRESARIALAGNAVS.

*C・SANNICOLAS

*D.SANJUAN

★Key:B

1503014-3041.TheBERTHINGINSTRUCTIONSwillbeobtainedfrom.

*A.theagentattheloadingport

*B.dischargeportauthority

*C.furtherinstructionstofollowshortly

*D.theradiostationOASatSanJuan

★Key:D

1503015-3042.Onandoffhiresurveysshouldbecarriedout.

*A.inaccordancewiththecharter-party

*B.asperfurtherinstructions

*C.bythecargoofficeronboard

*D.48hourspriortoarrivalattheloadingport

★Key:A

1503016-3043.Accordingtothisfixture,.

*A.thevesselisnotliablefortheexpensesofloadinganddischarging

*B・thecargowillbedischargedatSanNicolas

*C.thefreightofthisvoyageislikelytobechargedaspermeasurementtonnageofthecargo

*D.thecancelingdateofthisfixtureis16Oct.

★Key:A

=====•5=====

aPassengerShipSafetyCertificateshallbeissuedforaperiodnotexceeding12months.A

CargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate,CargoShipSafetyEquipmentCertificateandCargo

ShipSafetyRadioCertificateshallbeissuedforaperiodspecifiedbytheAdministrationwhich

shallnotexceedfiveyears.anExemptionCertificateshallnotbevalidforlongerthanthe

periodofthecertificatetowhichitrefers,(i)WhentheRenewalsurveyiscompletedwithin

threemonthsbeforetheexpirydateoftheexistingcertificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalid

fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveyto：(1)forapassengership,adatenot

exceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(2)foracargoship,a

datenotexceedingfiveyearsfromtheDateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(ii)Whenthe

renewalsurveyiscompletedaftertheexpirydateoftheexistingcertificate,thenewcertificate

shallbevalidfromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveyto：(1)foraPassengership,a

datenotexceeding12monthsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(2)foracargo

ship,adatenotexceedingfiveyearsfromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate；(iii)when

therenewalsurveyisCompletedmorethanthreemonthsbeforetheexpirydateoftheexisting

certificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalidfromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurvey

to：(1)forapassengership,adatenotexceeding12monthsfromthedateofcompletionofthe

renewalsurvey；(2)foracargoship,adatenotexceedingfiveyearsfromthedateofCompletion

oftherenewalsurvey.

1503017-3044.ThevalidperiodofanExemptionCertificateforCargoShipSafetyEquipment

Certificateshallbe.

*A.longerthanfiveyears

*B.shorterthanfiveyears

*C.longerthan12months

*D.shorterthan12months

★Key:B

1503018-3045.Whentherenewalsurveyiscompletedwithinonemonthbeforetheexpirydateof

theexistingCargoShipSafetyConstructionCertificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalid

*A.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenotexceeding12monthsfrom

thedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate1

*B.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenotexceedingfiveyearsfromthe

dateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate

*C.fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenotexceeding12monthsfrom

theDate

*D.fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenotexceedingfiveyearsfromthe

Date

★Key:B

1503019-3046.Whentherenewalsurveyiscompletedonadatewhichis99daysbeforetheexpiry

dateoftheexistingCargoShipSafetyRadioCertificate,thenewcertificateshallbevalid

*A.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenotexceeding12monthsfrom

thedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate

*B.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenotexceedingfiveyearsfrom

thedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificate

*C・fromthedateofexpiryoftheexistingcertificatetoadatenotexceeding12monthsfrom

theDate

*D.fromthedateofcompletionoftherenewalsurveytoadatenotexceedingfiveyearsfrom

thatDate

★Key:D

1503020-3047.ItcanbeconcludedthattheactualperiodofvalidityofanewPassengerShip

SafetyCertificateislessthan12monthsiftherenewalsurveyiscompleted.

*A.4monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

*B.3monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

*C.2monthsbeforeitsexpirydate

*D.afteritsexpirydate

★Key:D

anaircraftliftonboardRFAArguswasloadedbeyonditssafeworkingloadof18.4

tonnes.Therewerenoinjuriestoanypersonnel,ormaterialdamagetotheshiporits

equipment.Duringaplannedstayinport,500compressedCO2cylinderswererequiredtobe

landed.Thesewerenormallystowedonalowerdeckandneededtobetransferredtotheweather

deckbeforebeingtakenashore.Beforethevessefsarrivalinport,theplannedoperationwas

discussedbetweenvariousofficersandseniorratings,oneofwhomwastosupervisefinal

dischargeofthecylindersfromtheship.onceinport,aseniorratinggaveinstructionstothree

juniorstotransferanumberofcylinderstotheweatherdeck.Hethenleftthemalonetoloadthe

cylindersontotheplatformofanaircraftlift.Thecylindersweighed19.95tonnes,whichwas

greaterthantheyhadbeeninstructedtoload.Inadditiontothisexcessweighttheyaddedafork

lifttruckweighing5.5tonnes.Theliftwasthenraised.whenitreachedtheweatherdeck,

theliftwasunabletostowatthecorrectlevel.Wheninvestigateditwasdiscoveredthattheload

ofbothCO2bottlesandtheforklifttruckwasgreaterthanitssafeworkingload(SWL)andthis

hadPreventedthelockingcleatsattheflightdeck(weatherdeck)engaging.Theliftwastaken

outofservicefortestingandinspection.

150302l-3048.Thesafeworkingloadoftheaircraftliftistonnes.

*A.18.4

*B.19.95

*C.5.5

*D.500

★Key:A

1503022-3049.TheaircraftliftwasoverloadedbyaweightwhichismorethanitsSWL

*A.1.55B.3.95

*C.5.5

*D.7.05

★Key:D

1503023-3050.ltwasthethathadpreventedthelockingcleatsattheflightdeck

(weatherdeck)engaging.

*A.forklift

*B.CO2bottles

*C.overloadedweight

*D.thethreejuniors

★Key:C

1503024-3051.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

*A.theliftshouldberaisedslowlytoavoidtheaccident

*B.theaircraftliftonboardRFAArgusshouldbedrivenbysuperpower

*C・theseniorratingshouldgiveinstructionsinmoredetailtothethreejuniorstotransfera

numberofcylinderstotheweatherdeck

*D.iftheunloadingoperationwassupervisedbyanofficerwhohassufficientexperienceofthe

loads**Liftingequipmentandtheoveralloperation,theaccidentwouldhadbeenavoided

★Key:D

Coastalconditionstheareadescribedinthevolumepresentsthemarinerwithagenerally

adversecombinationofnavigationalfactorswhichareoutlinebelow.LocalTopography.The

DoverStraitisshallowandonlyis18mileswideatitsnarrowestpoint.Passagethroughthe

straitisfurtherconstrictedbyaseriesofnarrowbanks,runningNE-SW.Theseabedisalso

litteredwithwrecks.NaturalConditions.Therearestrongtidalstreamsinthestrait.Sealevel

maydifferfromthatpredictedandinParticularmaybelowerthanexpectedduetonegativetidal

surges.Theareaisalsosubjecttogalesandpoorvisibility.2RiskofCollision.Thereisahigh

riskofcollisioncausedbythedensityofvesseltrafficonpassagethroughthestrait,including

deep-draughtvessels,andcrossingtraffic,includingferriesandhighspeedcraft.minedanger

areatherearetwoareasofftheNcoastofFrance,whichremaindangerousbecauseofmines

liedinthewarof1939-1945.Duetothelapseoftimetherisktosurfacenavigationisnow

consideredtobenomoredangerousthanthattheordinaryrisksofnavigationbutaveryrealrisk

stillexistswithregardtoanchoring,fishingoranyformsubmarineorseabedactivity.

1503025-3052.ThecrossingtrafficintheDoverStraitisprobablynanning.

*A-NE-SW

*B.SE-NW

*C・N-S

*D.E-W

★Key:B

1503026-3053.Accordingtothepassage,theriskofcollisionintheDoverStraitiscausedby

*A.galesandpoorvisibility

*B.aseriesofnarrowbanks

*C.thedensityofvesseltrafficonpassagethroughthestraitandcrossingtraffic

*D.agenerallyadversecombinationofnavigationalfactors

★Key:C

1503027-3054.ltisinferredthat.

*A.althoughthetidalstreamsinDoverStraitisstrong,therewerefewshipssunkinit

*B・mostofthewrecksinDoverStraitweredeep-draughtvessels,ferriesandhighspeedcraft

*C.thewrecksarenotdangerstosurfacenavigation

*D.thereweremanyshipssunkinDoverStrait

★Key:D

1503028-3055.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

*A.mineisnotadangertosurfacenavigationinDoverStrait

*B.thewidthofDoverStraitisnotsonarrow

*C.thenaturalconditionsinDoverStraitaretooserous

*D.collisionwithdeep-draughtvesselsorferriesorhighspeedcraftinDoverStraitishardly

avoidable

★Key:A

thecontractofcarriageofGOODsbyseaisusuallyconcludedasbetweentheshipperandthe

carrier,eitherdirectlyorthroughtheirrespectiveagents.Consequently,byvirtueofthehistoric

principleofprivityofcontract,onlytheshipperandthecarrierhavetherighttotakeaction

againstoneanotherunderthecontractofcarriage.Theonlyclearexceptiontotherulewas

wherethepartyhavingtherighttosueassignedthatrightunderaseparateagreementtoanother

Party.Ontheotherhand,whenGOODsaresold(astheytypicallyare)priortoshipment,theterms

ofsalegenerallyResultintheriskintheGOODspassingfromtheseller(theshipper)tothe

buyer(theconsigneeorendorsee,inthecaseofabilloflading,orthepartyentitledtotake

deliveryunderawaybill)whentheGOODscrosstheship*srailintheportof

loading.Therefore,althoughthelawrecognizesthattheshipperalonehastherighttosuethe

carrierincontractforsubsequentcargolossordamageoccurringwhilethecarrierhadchargeof

theshipment,theshipperisnotusuallythePartywhoactuallysuffersthatloss.Frequently,

also,dependingonthetermsofsale,theshipperwillnolongerbetheowneroftheGOODsat

thetimewhenthelossordamageoccurs,andsowillbeunabletosuethecarrierintort.

1503029-3056.ThecontractofcarriageofGOODsbyseaisusuallyconcludedasbetween

*A.thesellerandthebuyer

*B.theshipperandtheconsigneeorendorsee

*C.thecarrierandtheconsigneeorendorsee

*D.theshipperandthecarrier

★Key:D

1503030-3057.WhenGOODsaresoldpriortoshipmenttheriskintheGOODspasses.

*A.fromtheshippertothecarrier

*B.fromthesellertothebuyet

*C・fromthecarriertotheshipper,

*D.fromthebuyertotheseller

★Key:B

1503031-3058.ltisconcludedthatonlytheshipperandthecarrierhavetherighttotake

actionagainstoneanotherunderthecontractofcarriage.

*A.bymaritimelaws

*B.byamainstayofthecommonlawinparticular

*C.byvirtueofthehistoricprincipleofprivityofcontract

*D.byshippingpractice

★Key:C

1503032-3059.WhenGOODsaresoldpriortoshipmenttheshipper.

*A.isnotusuallythepartywhoactuallysuffersthesubsequentloss

*B.isusuallythepartywhoactuallysuffersthesubsequentloss

*C.willstillbetheowneroftheGOODsatthetimewhenthelossordamageoccurs

*D.willberesponsibleforthelossofordamagetothecargoheshipped

★Key:A

3the4,426gtSwedishvesselSkagernsailedforhernextport,Strood,withadraughtof

5.95m.ThemastersoonRealized,however,thathewouldnotmakethetideforberthingifhe

proceededtotheMedwayasplanned,topickupthepilotattheNorthEastSpit.Hetherefore

decidedtochangethepassageplanbyshorteningthedistanceandembarkinghispilotatthe

Sunklightvessel.Theofficeronwatch,2/0,wastoldtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsand

Layoffthenewcourses.the2/0madetheoriginalplanbasedonwaypointscalculatedand

enteredbyanotherofficer.Thesehadbeenmarkedonthevariouschartsandhadalreadybeen

enteredintotheGPSnavigator.WhenheamendedthepassageplanheusedtheGPStocalculate

anewcoursefromawaypointoffLowestoftdirecttotheSunkpilotstation.Indoingso,hedidn't

Realizehehadmissedoutapre-programmedwaypointintheGPSforapositiontotheeastofthe

EastShipwashbuoy.Hedidn'tnoticethathiscourselineintersectedthe5mdepthcontourtothe

westoftheEastShipwashbuoy.Themasterdidnotchecktheamendedpassageplanand

Skagerncontinuedwithherpassage.2/0cameonwatchagainfourhoursbeforethevesselwas

duetoarriveatthepilotstation.OnehourbeforearrivalattheSunk2/0Preparedtoembarkthe

pilot.hesawtheNorthShipwashbuoyandpassedaboutthreecablestotheeastofit.Shortly

afterwardshesawtwomorebuoysaheadofhim,theEastShipwashonhisportbowandthe

North-WestShipwashonhisstarboard.Itdidnotoccurtohimthatanythingmightbe

wrong.Shortlyafterwards,Skagernranagroundatafullspeedof14knots.Hehadfoundthe

ShipwashBank.althoughtwotugsweredispatchedfromHarwichtostandby,themasterwas

abletode-ballasthisvesselandrefloathersuccessfullywiththeaidofthemainengine.There

wasnopollutionandthereappearedtobenodamage.

1503033-3060.ToembarkthepilotearlierSkagern.

*A.speededup

*B.shortenedthedistancebyadjustingtheplannedpassage

*C.madethetide

*D.engagedtradeeverytwoweeks

★Key:B

1503034-3061.Thegroundingwascausedbythereasonof.

*A.thesecondofficermissedawaypointwhensteamingtothepilotstation

*B.thedeptharoundthepilotstationis5.95mwhichisnotsufficienttoallowthevesseltokeep

alwaysafloat

*C.theGPShadsomethingwrongwhencalculatingthecourse

*D.thevesseldidnotmakethetideduetoherlatearrival

★Key:A

1503035-3062.Thevesselwasrefloated.

*A.withtheaidofrevertinghermainengineandpressingupslackballasttanks

*B.herselfbypumpingoutsomeofherballastandtheaidofhermainengine

*C.withtheaidofhermainengineandthetwotugsfromHarwich

*D.withtheaidoftideandtugs

★Key:B

1503036-3063.Thelessenofthisaccidentisthat.

*A.withoutproperplanningoftheballastingandde-ballastingprogrammethevesselislikely

tobeinvolvedinsuchaccidentasgrounding

*B.avesselshouldbewellpreparedforgroundingwhenproceedingtowardpilotstation

*C.whengrounded,avesselshouldtrytocontactthenearestcoaststationtoapplyfbrtheaid

oftugs

*D.inthisageoftheGPSandpush-buttonnavigation,itisalltooeasytobelulledintoafalse

senseofsecurityandassumethepositionindicatediscorrect

★Key:D

=====•10=====

theCompanyshouldestablishasafetyandenvironmentalprotectionpolicywhichdescribeshow

theobjectiveswillbeachieved.TheCompanyshouldensurethatthepolicyisimplementedand

maintainedatalllevelsoftheorganizationbothshipbasedaswellasshorebased.iftheentity

whoisresponsiblefortheoperationoftheshipisotherthantheowner,theownermustreportthe

fullnameanddetailsofsuchentitytotheAdministration.TheCompanyshoulddefineand

documenttheresponsibility,authorityandinterrelationofallpersonnelwhomanage,perform

andverifyworkrelatingtoandaffectingsafetyandpollutionPrevention.TheCompanyis

responsibleforensuringthatadequateresourcesandshorebasedsupportareprovidedtoenable

thedesignatedpersonorpersonstocarryouttheirfunctions.toensurethesafeoperationof

eachshipandtoprovidealinkbetweenthecompanyandthoseonboard,everyCompany,as

appropriate,shoulddesignateapersonorpersonsashorehavingdirectaccesstothehighestlevel

ofmanagement.Theresponsibilityandauthorityofthedesignatedpersonorpersonsshould

includemonitoringthesafetyandpollutionpreventionaspectsoftheoperationofeachshipand

toensurethatadequateresourcesandshorebas