职称英语卫生类b级模拟56

职称英语卫生类B级模拟56

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1>Itisdifficulttoassesstheimportanceofthedecision.

A.evaluateB.commentC.discussD.report

2、Youmusttrytowipeoutthememoryofthesehorribleevents.

A.strangeB.terribleC.unusualD.unfair

3、Astheheadmastermadealongspeech,theceremonywasprolongedbytenminutes.

A.quickenedB.enlargedC.enrichedD.lengthened

4、Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentially

deadlyobjecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,hewillthinktwiceabout

it.

A.passiveB.lifelongC,unhappyD.fatal

5、Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable

6、Therearesomethingsintheclasstheteacherswillnotputupwith.

A.tolerateB.contributeC.resistD.prohibit

7、Herbehaviorisextremelychildish.

A.simpleB,immatureC.beautifulD.pretty

8、Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithouthesitation.

A.complaintB.considerationC.delayD.anxiety

9、Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterfering

withtheircreativity.

A.freedomB.assistanceC.cluesD.funds

10>Heischarming；nevertheless,Idon11quitetrusthim.

A.howeverB.thereforeC.despiteD.afterwards

11>Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

A.shakenB.damagedC.fallenD.jumped

12、Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

A.borrowedB.purchasedC.rewrittenD.copied

13>Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.

A.someB.littleC.extraD.enough

14、Thefailureisnothorriblebecauseithelpstoaccumulateusefulexperiences.

A.increaseB.spreadC.collectD・grow

15>Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.inventedB.explainedC.consideredD.accepted

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

TheWorkers*RoleinManagement

Traditionally,ithasbeentheworkers1roletoworkandmanagement*srole

tomanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm*soperationswithlittle

thoughttoconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled

toobtaintheworkers1opinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.

Atmost,companieshaveprovidedHsuggestionboxesHinwhichworkerscould

placeideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyearszhowever,manymanagement

specialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor-they

haveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributions

toitsmanagement.Furthermore,majorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffect

workersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosingsz

whichmayputthousandsontheunemp1oymentlines.Shouldworkerszthen,play

astrongerroleinmanagement?

Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleastzthelabor

forceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions(Acommoncomplaintamong

rank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesand

actions).Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictims

ofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs,oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90

days*noticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetime

toadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplant,because

theworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducing

costsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplant

operating.

Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerial

decisionmakings.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthe

firm*sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-file

workersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflow,

theywillhelptomakeimprovements,theirmoralewillrisezandtheir

productivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentive,theymustbegivenashare

inthecompany*sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownership

planszbonuses,orrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finally,when

aplantcannolongeroperateataprofit,theworkersshouldbegiventhe

opportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves.

16、Traditionalworkersshowednointerestinmanagement.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Inrecentyearsmanymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingforthe

workers*roleinmanagementwithtwomajorreasons.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Sincepolicydecisionsarebusinesssecretsofafirm,workersshould

notbeinformedofthem.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Beforeclosing,aplantshouldputupanoticeandkeepitfor90days.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Theworkers1participationinmanagementmightsaveaplantfromclosing

down.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Oneoftheadvantagesofinvolvingworkersinmakingadecisionisthat

theinterpersonalrelationshipbetweenworkersandmanagerscanbeimproved.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Anefficientandproductiveworkershouldberewardedwithanythingbut

sharesofaplant.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段

选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

FactsaboutStroke

1.Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes,

someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167z661peoplein2000and

isthenation1sthirdleadingcauseofdeath,rankingbehinddiseasesofthe

heartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofseriouszlong-term

disabilityintheUnitedStates.

2.Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular（/心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthe

arteries（动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenablood

vesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients（营养物）tothebrainiseitherblocked

byaclot（凝块）orbursts.Whenthathappenszpartofthebraincannotget

theblood（andoxygen）itneedszsoitstartstodie.

3.Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbody

functions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan11reachtheregionthatcontrols

aparticularbodyfunction,thatpartofthebodywon11workasitshould.

Ifthestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain,forinstanceit1slikely

thatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastroke

dependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction（阻塞）andtheextentof

braintissueaffected.

4.TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthat

increasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas,thegreater

thechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan11control,

suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory,race,andpriorstroke.But

youcanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresulting

fromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider1s

help.Someoftheseinclude：highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,

andhighredbloodcellcount.

5.Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000people

havestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyearsztherewasnohopeforthosesuffering

astroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthe

treatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.

23>A.Effectsofastroke

B.AnnualcostofstrokeintheUS

C.Definitionanddescriptionofastroke

D.Breakthroughsintreatment

E.Riskfactorsofstroke

F.Warningsignsofastroke

Paragraph2_______

24、Paraqraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paraqraph5

27>A.sufferfromastroke

B.willbeaffected

C.changetheirlifestyles

D.willtakeplace

E.occursatthebackofhis/herbrain

F.controlsvariousbodyfunctions

Whenastrokeoccurs,thearteriesleadingtoandwithinthebrain

28、Aperson1svisionislikelytobeaffectedifastroke.

29、Somepeoplecanreducetheirriskofstrokeifthey.

30、Newtreatmentsarenowavailabletopeoplewho.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends

Obesitycanspreadfrompersontoperson,muchlikeavirus,researchers

arereportingtoday.Whenonepersongainsweightzclosefriendstendtogain

weight,too.

Theirstudy,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinezinvolved

adetailedanalysisofalargesocialnetworkof12,067peoplewhowerebeen

closelyfollowedfor32years,from1971to2003.

Theinvestigatorsknewwhowerefriendswithwhomaswellaswhowasa

spouseorsiblingorneighbor,andtheyknewhowmucheachpersonweighed

atvarioustimesoverthreedecades.Thatletthemreconstructwhathappened

overtheyearsasindividualsbecameobese.Didtheirfriendsalsobecome

obese?Didfamilymembers?Orneighbors?

Theanswer,theresearchersreport,wasthatpeopleweremostlikelyto

becomeobesewhenafriendbecameobese.Thatincreasedaperson*schances

ofbecomingobeseby57percent.Therewasnoeffectwhenaneighborgained

orlostweight,however,andfamilymembershadlessinfluencethanfriends.

Itdidnotevenmatterifthefriendwashundredsofmilesaway,theinfluence

remained.Andthegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.

Therezifonebecameobeseztheotherhada171percentincreasedchanceof

becomingobese,too.

Thesameeffectseemedtooccurforweightlossztheinvestigatorssay.

Butsincemostpeopleweregaining,notlosing,overthe32years,theresult

was,onaverage,thatpeoplegrewfatter.

Dr.NicholasA.Christakis,aphysicianandprofessorofmedicalsociology

atHarvardMedicalSchoolandaprincipalinvestigatorinthenewstudy,said

oneexplanationwasthatfriendsaffectedeachothers1perceptionoffatness.

Whenaclosefriendbecomesobesezobesitymaynotlooksobad.

"Youchangeyourideaofwhatisanacceptablebodytypebylookingat

thepeoplearoundyou,nDr.Christakissaid.

TheinvestigatorssaytheirfindingscanhelpexplainwhyAmericanshave

becomefatterinrecentyears—eachpersonwhobecameobesewaslikelytodrag

alongsomefriends.

Theiranalysiswasunique,Dr.Christakissaid,becauseitmovedbeyond

asimpleanalysisofonepersonandhisorhersocialcontactsandinstead

examinedanentiresocialnetworkatonce,lookingathowaperson1sfriend*s

friends,oraspouse1ssibling1sfriends,couldhaveaninfluenceonaperson1s

weight.

Theeffects,hesaid,"highlighttheimportanceofaspreadingprocess,

akindofsocialcontagion,thatspreadsthroughthenetwork.nOfcourse,

theinvestigatorssay,socialnetworksarenottheonlyfactorsthataffect

bodyweight.Thereisastronggeneticcomponentatwork,too.

Sciencehasshownthatindividualshavegeneticallydeterminedrangesof

weightszspanningperhaps30orsopoundsforeachperson.Butthatleaves

alargerolefortheenvironmentindeterminingwhetheraperson1sweight

isnearthetopofhisorherrangeornearthebottom.Aspeoplehavegotten

fatter,itappearsthatmanyareedgingtowardthetopoftheirranges.The

questionhasbeenwhy.

Ifthenewresearchiscorrect,itmaysaythatsomethingintheenvironment

seededwhatsomecallanobesityepidemic,makingafewpeoplegainweight.

Thensocialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly.

31>Whohadthegreatestinfluenceonpeoplewhobecameobese?

A.Theirfriends.B.Theirneighbors.

C.Theirfamilymembers.D.Theircolleagues,

32、Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutafriend'sinfluenceisfalse

accordingtothereport?

A.Friendshadmoreinfluencethanfamilymembersonpeoplewhobecame

obese.

B.Evenifthefriendlivesfaraway,theinfluencestillremained.

C.Peoplewerenotlikelytoloseweightwhentheyhaveskinnyfriends.

D.Thegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.

33、AccordingtoDr.NicholasA.Christakiszwhatistheexplanationforfriends

beingthegreatestinfluence?

A.Friendsusuallyspendalotoftimetogether.

B.Friendssharesimilareatinghabits.

C.Friendsaremoreimportantthanfamilymembers.

D.Friendsaffectedeachothers1feelingsoffatness.

34、Whichfactorofbecomingobeseisnotmentionedinthisreport?

A.Socialcontact,B.Geneticinformation.

C.Lifestyle.D.Environmenta1influences.

35、Inwhatwayisobesitycontagiousandepidemic?

A.Socialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly.

B.Individualshavegeneticallydeterminedrangesofweights.

C.Obesitycaneasilyspreadfromonetoanotherwithoutanyphysical

contact.

D.Obesitycanspreadrapidlyandextensivelybyinfectionandaffecting

manyindividualsinanareaorapopulationatthesametime.

弟一^扁

NaturalMedicine

Sinceearliestdays,humanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicines.Weknow

thisbecausehumanshavesurvived.Ancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddisease

weresuccessfulenoughtokeephumansfromdyingoutcompletely.

Theyweresuccessfullongbeforethetimeofmodernmedicine.Beforethe

timeofdoctorswithwhitecoatsandshiny（发亮的）instruments.Beforethe

timeofbighospitalswithstrangeandwonderfulequipment.

Manypartsoftheworldstilldonothaveuniversity-educateddoctors.

Nordotheyhaveexpensivehospitals.Yetinjuriesaretreated.Anddiseases

areoftencured,how?Byancientmethods.Bymedicinesthatmightseemmysterious,

evenmagical（有魔力的）.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnor

magical,however.

Throughthecenturies,tribal（部落的）medicinemenexperimentedwithplants.

Theyfoundmanyusefulchemicalsintheplants.Andscientistsbelievemany

ofthesetraditionalmedicinesmayprovidethecureforsomeoftoday1s1most

seriousdiseases.

Expertssayalmost80%ofthepeopleintheworlduseplantsforhealth

care.Thesenaturalmedicinesareusednotjustbecausepeoplehavenoother

formoftreatment.Theyareusedbecausepeopletrustthem.Indevelopedareas,

fewpeoplethinkaboutthesourceofthemedicinestheybuyinastore.Yet

manywidely-usedmedicinesarefromancientsources,especiallyplants.Some

expertssaymorethan25%ofmodernmedicinescome,inonewayoranother,

fromnature.

Scientistshavelongknownthatnatureisreallyachemicalfactory.All

livingthingscontainchemicalsthathelpthemsurvive.Soscientists1interest

intraditionalmedicineisnotnew.Butithasbecomeanurgentconcern.This

isbecausetheearth1ssupplyofnaturalmedicinesmaybedroppingrapidly.

36、Thepassageindicatesthatancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddiseasewere

A.muchmoresuccessfulthanmodernones

B.successfulinallcases

C.successfulenoughforhumanstosurvive

D.oflittlehelptohumans

37、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Manybigandmodernhospitalsareexpensive.

B.Modernmedicinesarenowavailableallovertheworld.

C.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnormagical.

D.Humanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicinessinceearliestdays.

38、Itisbelievedbyscientiststhattraditionalmedicine.

A.cancureallkindsofdiseases

B.arenolongerusefulformodernmen

C.maycuresomeoftoday1smostseriousdiseases

D.aretoocheaptobeuseful

39、Whatdothemajorityofthepeopleintheworlduseforhealthcare?

A.Plants.B.Factory-producedchemicals.

C.Modernmedicines.D.Strangeandwonderfulequipment.

40、Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheearth1ssupplyofnaturalmedicines

A.mayneverbeexhaustedB.issurprisinglybig

C.maybedroppingrapidlyD.isasrichasever

第—二曾

PregnancyAnomaliesMayLowerBreastCancerRisk

Certainabnorma1itiesoccurringinproblempregnanciesareassociatedwith

along-termreductioninriskofbreastcancer,accordingtoastudyreleased

onTuesdaythattrackedwomenforfourdecades.Researchersledby

epidemiologistBarbaraCohnofthePublicHealthInstituteinBerkeley,

California,examinedrecordson3z804whitewomenintheSanFranciscoarea

whowerepregnantduringtheperiodfromJune1959throughApril1967.

Thestudyfoundthatthreeanomalies—tworelatingtotheplacentaandone

involvingthewomen*sbloodpressure—werelinkedwithabigdeclineinbreast

canceroccurrence.Cohnsaidchangesinthelevelsofhormonesandother

substancesinthebodycausedbytheabnormalitiesmayproduceaprotective

effect.Shealsonotedthatmostofthewomenwhoexperiencedtheanomalies

stillgavebirthtohealthybabies."It*smoresubtlethantosaywhat*sbad

forthebabyisgoodforthemother.It*sreallynotquitelikethat.nCohn

saidinatelephoneinterview.

Shesaidshewashopefulthatresearcherscouldnaildowntheexactmechanisms

atworkinprovidingthelong-termcancerprotectionforthewomenwho

experiencedthesecomplications."It'scertainlypossiblethatonemightbe

abletodesignatreatmentorpossiblyapreventionthatisrelatedtothese

factors,HCohnsaid.

Shesaidscientistshaveknownformanyyearsthateventsthatoccurin

pregnancyhaveanimpactontheriskofbreastcancer.Cohnsaidherstudy

providesnewdetailsaboutsomespecificcharacteristicsofpregnanciesthat

mayrelatetolong-termprotectionagainstbreastcancer.

Abloodpressureincreaseexperiencedbythemotherbetweenthesecond

andthirdtrimestersofthepregnancywasassociatedwithlowerbreastcancer

incidencezthestudyfound.Womenwhoseincreasewasinthehighest25percent

ofpopulationstudiedhada51percentreductioninbreastcancerrate.

Womenwithasmallerplacentasize(weightanddiameter)alsohadlower

breastcancerrates.Theplacenta,thetissuethatconnectsthemotherand

fetuszproduceshormonestohelpmaintainthepregnancyandallowstheexchange

ofoxygen,nutrientsandwastematerials.

Inaddition,womenwhoexperiencedaconditionknownasmaternalfloor

infarctionoftheplacenta—aseriousabnormalitythatcanblocktheflowof

oxygenandnutrientstothefetus—hada60percentreductioninbreastcancer

rate.

Allthreeriskfactorsincombinationwerelinkedwithuptoa94percent

reductioninbreastcancerincidence,thestudyconcluded.

41>WhichofthefollowingmayhaveNOTHINGtodowithadeclineinbreast

cancerincidence?

A.Experiencingrisingbloodpressureduringthemiddleandlateperiods

ofpregnancy.

B.Havingaplacentalighterinweightandsmallerinsize.

C.Sufferingfromtheso-calledmaternalfloorinfarctionoftheplacenta.

D.Experiencingseriousmorningsicknessduringtheearlyperiodof

pregnancy.

42、Accordingtothestudy,whatonearthmayplayanimportantroleinlowering

breastcance