职称英语卫生类a级模拟57

职称英语卫生类A级模拟57

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1>Mr.Smithgraduallyacquiredaknowledgeofthesubject.

A.attainedB.achievedC.requiredD.got

2、Heimpressedallhiscolleaguesasavigorousmanintheprimeofhiscareer.

A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.

patient

3、Shecouldnotanswer；itwasanimmenseloadoffherheart.

A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.

enormous

4、Thebookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.

A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power

5、Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational

situation.

A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.

practical

6、Whatismostobviousinthisbookareallthosedetailsofdailyliving

whichmakeMrs.Richardanythingbutcommon.

A.nothingbutB.farfrombeingC.aboveallD.rather

than

7、AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreudzwisdomcomesfromtheachievement

ofmaturity.

A.fulfillmentB.acquirementC.establishmentD.

accomplishment

8、Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.

A.makeB.demandC.postponeD.obtain

9、Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkablyconcisereportonlyinafewpages

butwithallthedetails.

A.briefB.clearC.preciseD.

elaborate

10、Examinationpapersoftheclassweremarkedwithoutbias.

A.immediatelyB.correctlyC.fairlyD.

carefully

11>Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.

A.personalB.strangeC.funnyD.

complex

12>HernoveldepictsanambitiousChinese.

A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.

indicates

13、Canweresumethemeeting?

A.stopB.beginC.startD.

continue

14、Themanagerallocatesdutiestotheclerks.

A.assignsB.persuadesC.asksD.orders

15>CementwasseldomusedinbuildingsoftheMiddleAges.

A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.

occasionally

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，

请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

FoodandCancer

Medicalexpertshavesuspectedformanyyearsthatthereisastronglink

betweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanewstudyprovidesthefirst

evidencethatvitaminscouldreduceaperson*schanceofdevelopingcancer.

AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy.TheyarefromAmerican

NationalCancerInstituteandtheCancerInstituteoftheChineseAcademy

ofMedicalSciencesinBeijing.TheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute

publishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousandpeoplebetweenthe

agesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.TheywerefromtheNorthernCentral

ChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsandmineralseveryday

forfiveyears.

Linxianwaschosenbecausethepeopletherehaveanextremelyhighrate

ofcancerofstomachandesophagus.Researchersbelievethatfungusandmolds

inlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchers

dividedthoseintoeightgroups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixtures

ofvitaminsandmineralsdaily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere

1to2timesgreaterthanwhatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.The

eighthgroupreceivedsugarpillsthathadnoeffect.Thosewhoseemedto

gainthemostreceivedamixtureofaformofvitaminAcalledD-carotenez

vitaminEandthemineralselenium.Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedto

preventdamagetocellscausedbycancer-cansingsubstances.Researchers

reporteda13percentdropincancerratesinthosewhotookD-carotene,vitamin

Eandselenium.Theyalsofounda10percentdropinthenumberofdeaths

causedbystrokesfromburstingbloodvessels.

Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowiftheeffectwouldbethe

sameamongpeopleinothercountries.TheynotethatthepeopleinLinxian

eatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Chineseofficialswill

continuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxianformanyyears.

Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingtheresultsofthestudy.

TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxianandother

smalltownsinChina.

16、Theresultsofthenewstudyareunexpected.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Amongthescientiststhatdidthestudy,therearemoreChinesethan

Americans.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Thestudylastedforaboutfiveyears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>TherateofcancerofstomachandesophagusinLinxianisthehighest

inChina.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Fungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehigh

cancerrateinLinxian.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Allthosepeoplewhotookpartinthestudyreceivedvitaminsandminerals.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Theresultsofthestudyareofgreatsignificancetopeopleeverywhere.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5、6段每段选择

1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

DepressionandtheElderly

1.Weallfeelsadattimes.However,clinicaldepressionisaserious

matter.Clinicaldepression,sometimescalledmajordepression,isa

biologicallybasedbraindisorderthataffectsone*sthoughts,feelingsz

behavior,andphysicalhealth.Whenpeoplecomplainthattheyfeelterrible,

theyhavenointerestortakenopleasureinthings,havetroublesleeping,

lackenergy,havepoorappetite,orcannotconcentrate,depressionisadefinite

possibility.

2.Depressioninitsmanyformsaffectsmorethan6.5millionofthe35

millionAmericanswhoare65yearsorolder.Mostolderpeoplewithdepression

havebeensufferingfromepisodes（发作）oftheillnessduringmuchoftheir

lives.Forothers,depressionhasafirstonset（起病）inlatelife—evenfor

thoseintheir80sand90s.Depressioninolderpersonsiscloselyassociated

withdependencyanddisabilityandcausesgreatsufferingfortheindividual

andthefamily.

3.Manyolderpeopleandtheirfamiliesdon*trecognizethesymptomsof

depression,aren11awarethatitisamedicalillness,anddon*tknowhow

itistreated.Othersmaymistakethesymptomsofdepressionassignsofdementia

（痴呆）.Also,manyolderpeoplethinkthatdepressionisacharacterflaw（缺

陷）andareworriedaboutbeingstigmatized（给……带来用I：辱）.Sotheyblame

themselvesfortheirillnessandaretooashamed（耻辱的）togethelp.Others

worrythattreatmentwouldbetoocostly.

4.Olderpersonswithdepressionrarelyseektreatmentfortheillness.

Unrecognizedanduntreateddepressionhasfatalconsequencesintermsofboth

suicideandnon-suicidemortality（死亡率）.Thehighestrateofsuicidein

theUSisamongolderwhitemen.Depressionisthesinglemostsignificant

riskfactorforsuicideinthatpopulation.Tragically,manyofthosepeople

whogoontocommitsuicidehavereachedoutforhelp—20%seeadoctorthe

daytheydie,40%theweektheydie,and70%inthemonththeydie.Yetdepression

isfrequentlymissed.

23、Paragraph1

A.Howcommonisdepressioninlaterlife?

B.Whatisdepression?

C.Whatrelievesdepressioninolderpeople?

D・Whydoesdepressioninolderpeopleoftengountreated?

E.Candepressioninolderpeoplebetreated?

F.Whataretheconsequencesofuntreateddepressioninolderpeople?

24、Paraqraph2

25、Paraqraph3

26>Paraqraph4

27、Clinicaldepressionisdifferentfrom.

A.acharacterflaw

B.normalsadnessandgrief

C.adefinitepossibility

D.dependencyanddisability

E.asignificantriskfactor

F.unrecognizedanduntreateddepression

28>Depressioninolderpeopleisstronglylinkedwith

29、Depressionisregardedbymanyolderpeopleas.

30、Manyolderpeoplecommitsuicideasaresultof•

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

ChallengeforClassicalMusic

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnext

musicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe

suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpartztheresponse

hasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!nwroteAnthonyTommasini,

asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,

isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocated

Gilbert*sappointmentintheTimes,callshim"anunpretentiousmusicianwith

noairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.nAsadescriptionofthenext

musicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslike

GustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleast

someTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororeven

agoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting

compositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,or

anywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoisto

gotomyCDshelfzorbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecorded

musicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive

performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithopera

houses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigher

inartisticqualitythantoday1sliveperformances；moreover,theycanbe

"consumed"atatimeandplaceofthelistener1schoosing.Thewidespread

availabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisinthe

institutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractive

newmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert1sowninterestinnew

musichasbeenwidelynoted：AlexRosszaclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribed

himasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto11amarkedlydifferent,

morevibrantorganization.'*Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference

merelyexpandingtheorchestra*srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbert

andthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationship

betweenAmericansoldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.

31、Welearnfromparagraph1thatGilbert1sappointmenthas.

A.incurredcriticismB.raisedsuspicion

C.receivedacclaimD.arousedcuriosity

32、TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois.

A.influentialB.modestC.respectableD.

talented

33>Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers.

A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

34、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

1

35、RegardingGilbertsroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonicztheauthor

feels.

A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.confidentD.

puzzled

弟一^扁

ChronicDiseases：TheWorld*sLeadingKiller

Chronicdiseasesaretheleadingcauseofdeathintheworld.Yethealth

expertssaytheseconditionsareoftenthemostpreventable.Chronicdiseases

includeheartdiseasezstroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）andlungdisorders.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationsayschronicdiseasesleadtoaboutseventeen

millionearlydeathseachyear.ThisUnitedNationsagencyexpectsmorethan

threehundredeightymillionpeopletodieofchronicdiseasesbytwothousand

fifteen.Itsaysabouteightypercentofthedeathswillhappenindeveloping

nations.

TheWHOsayschronicdiseasesnowcausetwo-thirdsofalldeathsinthe

Asia-Pacificarea.Intenyearsitcouldbealmostthree-fourths.Peopleare

gettingsickintheirmosteconomicallyproductiveyears.Infactzexperts

saychronicdiseasesarekillingmoremiddle-agedpeopleinpoorercountries

thaninwealthierones.

TheWHOestimatesthatchronicdiseaseswillcostChinaalonemorethan

fivehundredthousandmilliondollarsinthenexttenyears.Thatestimate

representsthecostsofmedicaltreatmentandlostproductivity.Russiaand

Indiaarealsoexpectedtofacehugeeconomiclosses.

KimHak-SuistheheadoftheUnitedNationsEconomicandSocialCommission

forAsiaandthePacific.LastweekinBangkokhepresentedaWHOreporton

theproblem.Itsaysdeathsfromchronicdiseaseshaveincreasedlargelyas

theresultofeconomicgainsinmanycountries.

Thereportdetailsthelatestfindingsfromninecountries.Theyinclude

Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,IndiaandNigeria.TheothersarePakistan,

RussiaandTanzania.

MisterKimsaysinfectiousandparasitic（寄生的）diseaseshaveuntil

recentlybeenthemainkillersinAsiaandthePacific.Buthesaystheyare

nolongerthemajorcauseofdeathinmostcountries.

Healthofficialssayasmanyaseightypercentofdeathsfromchronicdiseases

couldbeprevented.Theysayanimportanttoolforgovernmentsistorestrict

themarketingofalcoholandtobaccotoyoungpeople.Also,moreprograms

areneededtourgehealthyeatingandmorephysicalactivity.

UNofficialsaimthroughinternationalactiontoreducechronic-disease

deathsbytwopercenteachyearthroughtwothousandfifteen.Theysaymeeting

thattargetcouldsavethirty-sixmillionlives.Thatincludestwenty-five

millioninAsiaandthePacific.

36、Howmanypeopleindevelopingcountrieswillprobablydieofchronicdiseases

by2015?

A.Morethan17million.B.Morethan380million.

C.Morethan304million.D.Morethan24million.

37、DuetochronicdiseasesChinawillhavetoface.

A.greatpressurefromothercountriesB.alimitedeconomicmarket

C.ashortageofthelaborforceD.hugeeconomiclosses

38、WhichcanNOTbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Manychronic-diseasedeathsarepreventable.

B.Chronicdiseasesarethemajorcauseofdeathinmostcountries.

C・Chronicdiseasesarekillingmoremiddle-agedpeoplethanelderlypeople.

D.Economicgainsinmanycountrieshavecontributedtochronic-disease

deaths.

39、UntilrecentlythemainkillersinAsiaandthePacifichavebeen.

A.economicgainsB.lostproductivity

C.chronicdiseasesD.infectiousandparasitic

diseases

40、WhichisNOTmentionedasawaytopreventchronic-diseasedeaths?

A.Timelymedicaltreatment.B.Healthyeating.

C.Morephysicalactivity.D.Reductionindrinking

andsmoking

足第二_k管桶

IQ-gene

IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildren

inheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiences,onelittlefact

getsoverlooked：noonehasidentifiedanygenes(otherthanthosethatcause

retardation)thataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlomin

ofLondon*sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfigured

thatifyouwanttofindasmartgene,youshouldlookinsmartkids.They

thereforeexaminedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthatthey

takecollegeentranceexamsfouryearsearly—andstillscoreat

Princeton-caliberlevels.Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought."Wehave"

saysPlomin,nthefirstspecificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneral

intelligence.n

Plomin*scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach,all

6to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroup,

theaverageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcells,

theresearchersthenexaminedeachchild'schromosome6.Ofthe37landmarks

onchromosome6thattheresearcherslookedfor,onejumpedout：aformof

genecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroup

asintheaveragegroup—32percentversus16percent.Thestudy,intheMay

issueofthejournalPsychologicalScience,concludesthatitisthisform

oftheIGF2Rgenethatcontributestointelligence.

SomegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththeIQ-genestudy.Oneisthe

possibilitythatPlomin*sgroupfellfor"chopsticksfallacy".Geneticists

mightthinkthey*vefoundageneforchopsticksflexibility,butallthey1ve

reallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan,say,Africans.Similarly,

Plomin*sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasize

academicachievement."Whatisthegenethatthey'vefoundreflectsethnicity?n

asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Thatalonemight

explainthelinktointelligence,sinceIQtestsareknownforbeingculturally

sensitiveandaffectedbyachild'senvironment.nAndNeilRischofStandford

Universitypointsoutthatifyoulookfor37genesonachromosome,asthe

researchersdid,andfindthatoneismorecommoninsmarterkids,thatmight

reflectpurechanceratherthanacausallinkbetweenthegeneandintelligence.

WarnsFeinberg：nIwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt.n

41、Inthebeginningofparagraphonezwearetoldthatscientistscannot

agree

A.howmuchofIQcomesfromintelligence

B.howmanychildreninheritgenesfromparents

C.howmuchofIQcomesfromgenes

D.howmanychildrenlearnbyexperience

42、Whatdoes"some11inthesecondsentenceofparagraphonestandsfor?

A.Parents.B.Children.C.Experiences.D.Genes.

43、Ageneforchopsticksflexibilityisfoundtobe.

A.unrelatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks

B.relatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks

C.unrelatedtotheabilitytouseforks

D.relatedtotheabilitytouseforks

44、Plomin1sIQ-genestudyissimilartothechopsticksgenefindinginthat

A.theremaynotbeacausallinkbetweengeneandintelligence

B.thereisaclosecorrelationbetweengeneandintelligence

C.theremaybeacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children*sacademicscore

D.thereisnotacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children*sacademicscore

45、WhatdoesFeinbergmeanbysaying"Iwouldtakethesefindingswitha

wholeboxofsalt'!?

A.Hewouldconsiderthemwhileeatinghismeals.

B.Hedefinitelybelievesthefindings.

C.Hewouldconsiderthemwhileshoppingforsalt.

D.Hedoubtsthefindingsverymuch.

第5部分：补全对话

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位

置，以恢复文章原貌。

SomeUnusualCelebrations

Someholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear*s

Evecelebrations.Alsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendship,like

Valentine1sDay.Eachcountryhasitsownspecialholidays,too,oftento

markimportanteventsinitshistory.Schools,banks,andgovernmentoffices

allcloseondayslikethese.46Afewofthemarereallyverystr