Unit2LessonsinLifeUsingLanguage语法学案高中英语选择性

外研社选择性必修第四册Unit2Grammar学案Usinglanguage复习被动语态Ⅰ.观察感悟1.OndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.2.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.3.Despiteitswidespreadrecognition,myfirstimpressionwasthatTuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofoveremotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhicharerepeated.4.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularcultureandtheimportanceofcreatingmyownvaluesbasedonloveandopenmunication.5.Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!观察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑体部分都使用了___________表示不知道或没有必要指明动作的___________是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的____________________或事件本身时也常用被动语态。Ⅱ.要点精析1.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式如下：（以do为例）现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewouldbedone进行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone温馨提示不能用于被动语态的几种常见情况:（1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。Thefinalexamisapproaching.期末考试马上要来了。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如last、hold、contain、fit、cost等。Thelecturewilllastforthreehours.讲座会持续3个小时。（3）表示归属的动词（短语），如have、own、belongto等。TheoldhousebelongstoMr.Tony.那座老房子是托尼先生的。2.主动形式表被动意义（1）当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。Thispenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。Thedoorwon'tlock.这扇门锁不上。（2）当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Theopeningceremonywillstartat8:00tomorrowmorning.开幕式会在明天早晨8点开始。（3）在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Hisoldcarwhichbreaksdownfrequentlyneedsrepairing/toberepaired.他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。（4）“beworth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。Thebookisworthreadingagainandagain.这本书值得一读再读。（5）某些连系动词，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主动形式表被动意义。（2022全国甲）Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。（6）在“be+adj.+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。Thenewwashingmachineiseasytooperate.新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。3.主动语态变被动语态（1）注意动词短语的被动语态：动词短语是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不能省略其中的介词或副词。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.会议将推迟到星期五。（2）注意双宾语的被动语态：有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留在被动结构中。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbookbymyfriendonmybirthday.我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的书。（3）注意复合宾语的被动语态：当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，可将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。使役动词以及感官动词等后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，其被动结构要加to。Theteachermadehimretellthepassage.→Hewasmadetoretellthepassagebytheteacher.老师让他复述课文。（4）主动语态的句子中的宾语是从句时，变为被动语态时要用形式主语it。TheysaythatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.→It'ssaidthatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.据说张老师是一个幽默的老师。Ⅲ.练习语篇填空Itistoughforanybasketballplayertogettothemajorleagues,butJamesAbbotthadanextraobstaclethatshould1.（overe）.Hemighthavebeenanaveragepersonifhe2.（born）witharighthand.WhenAbbottwasyoung,otherchildren3.（tease）himconstantly.Thisdidn'tstopAbbott.Helovedsports,andhepracticedconstantly.Inhighschool,Abbott4.（join）theschoolbasketballteamandbecameapitcher（投球手）oftheteam.Laterhe5.（attend）theUniversityofMichiganonabasketballscholarship.In1987Abbott6.（name）America'stopamateurathlete,andin1988hepitchedhiswaytoagoldmedalintheOlympics.ButAbbottdidn'tthinkhewasfinishedyet.Abbottwentstraighttothemajors.He7.（choose）topitchfortheCaliforniaAngelsandlaterfortheNewYorkYankees.HowdidAbbottacplishallthiswithjustonehand？Thisiswhatfansoftenasked.JamesAbbott8.（see）asalefthandedpitcher,notasaonehandedpitcher.Heoncesaidthathedidn'tgrowupthinkingaboutnothavingarighthand.When9.（ask）toexplainhowhehadmadeittothetop,Abbottsaid,“IfIhadnotworkedveryhard,I10.（be）afailurenow.Theonlythingthatcouldstopm