2012高考非谓语动词讲练大全

金诺学校张老师讲义PAGEPAGE17分词与高考一、分词(过去分词、现在分词)在句子中的功能(4大功能)1作定语“单个在前，多个在后”（95%）；表被动和完成用过分；表主动或进行用现分(作后置定语时注意可以改写成一个定语从句)boiling/boiledwaterdeveloping/developedcountryfalling/fallenleavesTenstudentswilldelivertheirspeechonthegiventopic“ManandNature”.Thefundaddedbythegovernmentwillbeusedtorebuildthehouses.Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight.(1)I’mcallingtoinquireabouttheposition____inyesterday’sChinaDaily.（2010北京）A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised(2)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows(3)Ihavealotofreadings____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted(4）Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt(5)ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;Therearemanypictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.(04广西）A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed2作表语往往看做adj.表状态.过分：“感到…”现分：“令人…”Wefeltdisappointedathisresponse.Thenewstheygotisverydisappointing.Ving:表示人或物本身具有的特点、特性、特征V-过分：表示人或物所处的状态特殊注意：adeterminedman,asurprisedlook,aterrifiedvoice….(1)Onhearingthe____newsthathersonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,shewas___totears.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited,excited(2)Atthefirstsightofthesnake,thegirlletouta_____cry.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.tobefrightenedD.beingfrightening(3)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建）A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck3作宾语补足语有前才有后有前面的特殊动词才有后面的宾补（1）表感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语后；see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find”一听两看；注意观察；两F”MyfamilyheardmyarticlebroadcastbytheBBC.Weobservedthegirlenteringthehallwithoutanythinginherhand.(1)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.(03高考)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked(2)Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself______byanoldwoman.A.lookedafterB.belookedafterC.beinglookedafterD.belookingafter（2）在表“致使,保持”等动词后make,get,have,keep,leave,driveTheyleftthedoorunlocked.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntous?(1)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish____inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve(2)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues____withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused（3）表希望、命令等动词宾语后like,want,wish,order（low-w）Theteacherdoesn’twantsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.Thestudentswishthefilmcontinued.(1)Thefatherwantedhisdaughter______byAnna.A.teachingB.toteachC.tohavebeentaughtD.taught（4）位于with,without等介词后（独立主格结构）Doyouknowthegirlwithherhairtiedback?(1)Inthereadingroom,wefoundher____atadesk,withherattention____onabook.A.sitting;fixingB.tosit;fixedC.seating;fixingD.seated;fixed4作状语在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。“现分表主动，过分表被动”（分词作状语，该分词短语往往可以改写成一个状语从句）相当于assoonas,when/while,because/as,if,though/although,once引导的状语从句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…Drivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuildmoregreenhouses.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(If)Givenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.=Ifitwasgivenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.Although/Thoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegot..Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.（伴随）=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.(结果)Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。(1)____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingD.ComparingD.WhencomparedFindinghercarstolen______.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp_____theinterview,themangerwenttohisoffice,_____bytheinterviewer.A.Havingfinished,followedB.Finished,followedC.Finishing,followingD.Beingfinished,beingfollowing二、分词的形式一般式进行式完成式现在分词（主动）doingdoinghavingdone过去分词（被动）donebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式：实现句子结构功能。进行式：强调动作正在进行完成式：（1）必须强调该动作在另一个时间或动作之前完成（2）或/和因果关系不定式：（1）表动作还没有发生（2）在句中充当目的状语（结果状语、原因状语）否定式：在非谓语前加notHavingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhatto..,hewentto….Oncetasted,thedishishardtoforget.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)区别：Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(形容词后接结果状语从句)Wearegladtohearthenews．我们很高兴听到这消息。(形容词后接原因状语从句)三、be+过去分词（该过去分词已经转化为adj.）——去BE,留过分“座位专迷穿面决”以及类似该结构的其它短语（还有很多，复习中注意牢记）：beseated,besituated,beabsorbedin,belost,bedressed(in),befacedwith,bedeterminedtodoTheyfellasleepatonce,exhausted.Theywenthomehappy/happily.（体会区别）形容词与句子搭配使用，只能做伴随状语（仔细体会和把握）；但是分词短语确可以充当多种状语。DeterminedtofinishtheprojectbeforeJune,wehavetowork12hoursperday.Dressedwithsuchbeautifulclothes,shewenttothepartyconfidently.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.目标训练：_____theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotHavingcompletedD.Nottobecompleted_____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FacingC.TofaceD.FaceDina,_____formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggleMikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,_____newlycleanedandpolished.(2011上海春）A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.tobelooking_____theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.(2009天津）A.CompletingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete______inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建）A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited四、习惯用法：generally/frankly/+speaking一般/坦白说judgingfrom从….判断talkingof…谈到allowingfor..考虑到…,扣除….consideringthat…考虑到….,就….而论seeingthat…鉴于….（的缘故）supposingthat…假定Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Allowingforpricerises,thecostofdailyliferemainsthesamelevelasthatoflastyear.五、解题方法——掌握7个解题思路：1、分析句子特点和成分：确定考点——是分词还是谓语动词——如果是分词做什么成分？定、表、宾补、状;核心思考点：（1）一个句子只有一个谓语动词——并列句除外；（2）两个单句之间不能用逗号连接。2、主、被动关系(找出动词和主语/逻辑主语的关系)3、是“be+过分”结构吗？4、目的状语（todo）——不定式（结果、原因状语只在adj.存在的句子中）5.习惯用法：6、连系动词没有被动语态95%(21个半系动词——（1）5个起来证明不了两个似乎look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear,seem（2）两继续两保持两状况remain,continue,keep,stay,stand,fall（3）become-turn-3“g”,become,turn,go,grow,get(4)cometrue,runshortof但注意：getpaid/burnt/prepaired/hurt7、独立主格和Therebeing…..;Itbeing…..非谓语动词2011高考点击：1．Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse．(2011全国)A．roseB．risingC．toriseD．risen2.Theisland,____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全国)A.JoiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined3.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.(2011全国)A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying4.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.(2011安徽)A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak5.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.(2011北京(33))A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept6.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建(23))A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded7．Theability_______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南(21))A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed8．Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.(2011湖南(23))A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected9.Doyouwakeupeverymorning______energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.fellB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt10.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江苏)A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared11．aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.(2011辽宁)A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering12．Therarefish,______fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.(2011上海(32))A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsaved13．AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,______thathecoulddonothingtohelp.(2011上海(33))A.torealize B.realize C.realizingD.beingrealized14．Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep15．animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.(2011四川16)A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer16．______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2011天津)A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated17．MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.(2011重庆33)A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind18.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_____people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重庆29)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised19．Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江3)A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave20.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves____forwords.(2011浙江)A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost21.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity_____bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(2011浙江19)A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered.22．Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,____newlycleanedandpolished.A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingC.tobelooking23．Lookoverthere——there’saverylong,windingpath_____uptothehouse.(2011山东27)A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead24．Clairhadherluggage______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.(2011陕西)A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked25.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade26.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife______shehadacall,Mr.Gordenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.(2011江西32)A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性，可以有自己的宾语和状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语。一、动词不定式的时态和语态：时态主动被动一般式/体todotobedone完成式/体tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式/体tobedoing———————完成进行式/体tohavebeendoing———————（一）“时态”：1、一般体：一般体表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2、完成体：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3、进行时体：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.Sheseemedtobeworryingaboutsomething.4、完成进行体：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.（二）被动语态：1、It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主语是被动语态tobeinvited是被邀请）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作宾语）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定语）Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作状语）ThebridgeconnectingShanghaiwithJiangsuisreportedtohavebeenbuilt.2、注意：在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)二、动词不定式的否定：notto…..（有时强调也用never）Hepromisesnevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Heturnedtheradiodowninordernot/soasnotowakethebaby.三、疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：1、WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（主）2、Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（宾）3、IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.（直宾）4、Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（表语）以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①Whenweshallleave…③…howIcouldlearn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。目标训练：1.Aidsissaid____thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatishasbeenD.tohavebeen2.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter_____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive3.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersinsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind______tobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where4.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture_____nextweek?A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven四、动词不定式用法详解（一）作主语：动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：1、把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名词+todo：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.③It+be+形容词+forsb+todo：Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④Ittakessb+sometime+todo：Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todo：Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型②中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：（1）其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于以上句型（2）不定式作主语时，动词用单数形式。（3）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用Itis…to…的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。(错)Itistobelievetosee.目标训练：1.Itissillyofme____alleggsinonebasked.ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.A.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingput（二）作宾语1、以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。determine/decide（决心），learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care（想要）,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.以及：afford（付得起），aim(力求做到)，appear（显得），arrange（安排），attempt（试图），claim（声称），condescend（屈尊），consent（准许），，demand（要求），endeavor（竭力），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesitate（犹豫），manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（预示），undertake（承诺），volunteer（自愿做），vow（发誓）Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2、动词+疑问词+不定式：decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.请演示给我们如何去做。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.3、当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.目标训练：1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard2.Davidthreatened____hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported3.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him（三）作宾语补足语(被动句中为主语补足语)：特殊动词+宾语+宾语补足语（以下有各种形式）1.todo:在peldeclareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduceinstructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge等后Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Webelievehimtobeguilty.2.使役、感官动词后省to不定式作宾补（主动省略to,被动不省）：（吾看三室两厅一感觉）：五（吾）看：see,watch,lookat，notice,observe三使（室）：let,have,make二听（厅）：hear,listento一感觉feel特殊：helpsb.(to)do后可带可不带。特殊：在使役动词中get除外(getsb.todosth.)注意：在被动语态中，原来的宾语补足语就成为了主语补足语。Ioftenseehimplayfootball.Lookattheboyrun.(看，那个男孩跑了)Ourteachermademedoalotofexercises.Iwasmadetodoalotofexercises.(主语补足语)Ifeltsomethingmovetowardsme.WeheardhersinginthenextroomWhatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。3.to+be:在acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover,fancy(设想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以为),understand等动词后WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.4.tobe+形容词：seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Thisissupposedtobeaclassyevent(上流派对).Notasamplesaleatanoutletmall.批发商场Thesesocialsupportsmayhelpexplainwhymanywomenseemtobebetterabletodealwithstressthenmenare.5.there+tobe:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,understandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。但是有些动词需用as短语做补语，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.。Marytookhimasherfather.6.find的特殊用法：Find后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句,但是不能直接接sb.do/todo。此类动词还有get，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Wefoundthemanknockeddownbyacarpassingby.Ifounditimportanttolearn.WefoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.Ifindhimdo/todosomehomework.(X)目标训练（考题一般没有以上讲解内容难）：1.Myadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwayswokshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning4.——Excuseme,sire,whereisRoom301?——Justaminute.I’llhaveBob_____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing5.（比较）Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying（四）作表语：不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。目标训练：1.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_____thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput（五）作状语1、目的状语:to,onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2、作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.MygrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.3、某些形容词后表原因：I'mgladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.4、在带有enough或too的句子中，做状语，表程度。Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.在一些特殊形容词的后面，做状语修饰该形容词：如easy,hard,difficult,good,bad,soft,comfortable,light,heavy等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton目标训练：1.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto2.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have3.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.completingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete4.Withfather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank____presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought5.Wewereastonished_____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound6.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting____.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered.(六)作定语1、不定式作定语:不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.②Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursister?③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。2、如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就要有必要的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3、有些名词常用不定式做定语(PDCwater)：patience,promise,plan,decision,chance;wish,attempt,ability,time,effort,right,等4、当名词被first,last,second以及only等词修饰时，其后可用动词不定式作定语，且该动词不定式常含过去的意义。Theywerethelastgueststoarrive.Iarrivedfirst.Thenext(one)tocomewasTom.5、介词+which+todo：Thekeywithwhichtoopenthedoorhasbeenlost.Hetoldhismotherthatheneededtendollarswithwhichtobuyanewdictionary.目标训练：1．Withoutfacts,apersoncan’tformacorrectopinion,forheneedstohaveactualknowledge_____histhinking.A.whichtobaseB.onwhichtobaseC.wheretobaseD.whichbebasedon2.Theability____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed3.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathroom.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce4.Hisfirstbook____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished(七)其它考点：1．情态动词后用do,但oughttodo除外:Theyoughttocometomorrow.2.表示个人意愿或倾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan后面。Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.3.whynotdo…..：4.help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth：5.but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式，否则要带to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.6.由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：7.通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。8.当两个或多个不定式短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.9、当too前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常…等于very。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。10、to有两种用法：一为不定式+do；一为介词+名词/doing，to在下面的用法中是第二种：口诀：途中挨饿开始习惯坚持，注意上瘾判刑，开始导致盼望，承认归功贡献Onone’swayto,starveto(death),getdownto,be/getused/accustomedto习惯于,stickto(bestuckto);Payattentionto,beaddictedto,sentenceto(death),turnto开始，着手于,leadto,lookforwardto;admitto承认，confessto承认，owe…to,devoteoneselfto(bedevotedto)献身于，致力于11、动词不定式的省略：在like/wouldlike,love/wouldlove,hope,hate,need,try,want,wish,plan,mean等动词后；usedto,begoingto,beglad,bewilling,behappy等后省略to内容时，to要保留，——Wouldyouliketogotothecinema?——I’dloveto.——Youshouldhavethankedherbeforesheleft.——Imeantto,butIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.12、谓语为表示“愿望、打算、意图”的动词的时候，如hope,think,want,plan,expect,mean,intend等，其后可跟不定式的完成式表示“本来想要做某事，实际上未能完成”；或这些动词用完成时态，不定式用一般式，表达内容一样。Wemeanttohavestoppedhimfromdoingsuchathing.我们本来想阻止他做这件事。IhadhoppedtomeetJohnsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroomwhenIcameback..13、评论性动词不定式：tobehonest,totellthe(you)thetruth,toputitmildly(说得委婉点)，tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是，totakeallthingsintoconsideration从各方面考虑Tomakethingsworse,manyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpay,leavingwomenfromnearbyvillagestocarryonwiththework.14、不定式的主动语态代替被动语态（1）不定式与其最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一个名词（代词）有主谓关系：Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”时，介词不能省略：Adesktowriteonanicemantoworkwithaniceplacetoliveinapieceofpapertowriteon(2)某些形容词后作状语的不定式，要用主动表示被动，difficult,easy,heavy,light,hard,interesting,comfortable,soft.Thisquestionisnoteasytoanswer.Itsfurissofttotouch.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.(3)therebe结构中主、被动意义可相同或不同。Thereisalotofworktodo/bedone.Thereisnothingtofear/tobefeared.(4)tolet,toblame只用主动Thehouseistolet.Youaretoblame.目标测试：1.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohistea