职称英语卫生类a级模拟56

职称英语卫生类A级模拟56

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1>Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturneast.

A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.

traverses

2、Thegovernmentisdebatingtheeducationlaws.

A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.

declining

3、Hetendedhisgrandmotherinthehospital.

A.lookedforB.tookcareofC.keptupD.cared

for

4、Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeandaccusedhimofspeeding.

A.chargedB.warnedC.blamedD.deprived

5、Thereasonwhyheadaptedtothenewsituationsquicklyisthathehas

aflexibleattitude.

A.changeableB.alternateC.movableD.

adjustable

6、Manycitieshaverestrictedsmokinginpublicplaces.

A.allowedB.keptC.limitedD.stopped

7、Thisbookgivesabriefoutlineofthehistoryofthecastleanddetails

oftheartcollectioninthemainhall.

A.summaryB.referenceC.articleD.

outlook

8、ThepowersoftheEuropeanCommissiontoregulatecompetitionintheCommunity

areincreasing.

A.fightB.abolishC.removeD.

control

9、Mycameracanbeadjustedtotakepicturesincloudyorsunnyconditions.

A.treatedB.adoptedC.arrangedD.

remedied

10>Sheexhibitedgreatpowersofenduranceduringtheclimb.

A.playB.sendC.showD.tell

11>Theyhadafarbetteryieldthananyotherfarmmilesawayaroundthis

year.

A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.

harvest

12>Theeternalmotionofthestarsfascinatedhim.

A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.

extensive

13、Theconstructionofthebridgeissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.suspendedB.putanendtoC.resumedD.

rescheduled

14、Weallthinkthatthenewdevicehehasproposedisingenious.

A.effectiveB.cleverC.implausibleD.

original

15>Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.

A.getridofB.setupC.repairD.paint

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息,

请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

TheDoctorinAmerica

Self-employedprivatephysicianswhochargeafeeforeachpatientvisit

havebeenthenormforAmericanmedicalpractice.Mostphysicianshaveacontract

relationshipwithoneormorehospitalsintheircommunity.Theyrefertheir

patientsasneededtothehospitalzwhichusuallychargesaccordingtothe

numberofdaysapatientstaysandthefacilities-X—rays,operatingrooms,

tests—heorsheuses.

Somemedicaldoctorsareonsalary.Salariedphysiciansmayworkashospital

staffmembers,orresidentszwhoareoftenstillintraining.Theymayteach

inmedicalschools,behiredbycorporationstocarefortheirworkersor

workforthefederalgovernment*sPublicHealthService.

Physiciansareamongthebest-paidprofessionalsintheUnitedStates.

Inthe1980szitwasnotuncommonformedicaldoctorstoearnincomesofmore

than$100z000ayear.Specialistszparticularlysurgeons,mightearnseveral

timesthatamount.Physicianslistmanyreasonswhytheydeservetobeso

wellrewardedfortheirwork.Onereasonisthelongandexpensivepreparation

requiredtobecomeaphysicianintheUnitedStates.Mostwould-bephysicians

firstattendcollegeforfouryears,whichcancostnearly$20,000ayear

atoneofthebestprivateinstitutions.Prospectivephysiciansthenattend

medicalschoolforfouryears.Tuitionalonecanexceed$10,000ayear.By

thetimetheyhaveobtainedtheirmedicaldegreeszmanyyoungphysiciansare

deeplyindebt.Theystillfacethreetofiveyearsofresidency（住院医生

实习期）inahospital,thefirstyearasanapprenticephysician.Thehours

arelongandthepayisrelativelylow.

Settingupamedicalpracticeisexpensive,too.Sometimesseveral

physicianswilldecidetoestablishagrouppractice,sotheycansharethe

expenseofmaintaininganofficeandbuyingequipment.Thesephysiciansalso

takecareofeachother*spatientsinemergencies.

Physiciansworklonghoursandmustacceptagreatdealofresponsibility.

Manymedicalprocedureszevenquiteroutineones,involverisk.Itis

understandablethatphysicianswanttobewellrewardedformakingdecisions

whichcanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

16>ManyphysiciansintheUSareself-employedprivatephysicians.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>NosalariedphysiciansteachinmedicalschoolsintheUS.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Ofallemployedphysicianszthosehiredbycorporationsarebestpaid

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、BecomingaphysicianintheUScostsconsiderabletimeandmoney.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、PhysiciansintheUSarepoorlyrewardedfortheirwork.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、AnyonewithamedicaldegreecansetupamedicalpracticeintheUS.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TherearemoremenphysiciansthanwomenphysiciansintheUS.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5、6段每段选择

1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu

1.Ifasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespread

useofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakis

aquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefrom

theirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsider

wearingthemincertainsituationsanywayzjustincase.

2.Butit*saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentare

makingpreparationsforthenextflupandemic.SotheCentersforDisease

ControlandPrevention（CDC.cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines."Wedon*t

wantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere，口saidtheCDC.HTheoverallrecommendation

reallyistoavoidexposure.n

3.Whenthat1snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimple

surgicalmaskifyouareinoneofthethreefollowingsituations.First,

you*rehealthyandcan11avoidgoingtoacrowdedplace.Second,you*resick

andthinkyoumayhaveclosecontactwiththehealthy,suchasafamilymember

checkingonyou.Third,youlivewithsomeonewho*ssickandthusmightbe

intheearlystagesofinfection,butstillneedtogoout.

4.Influenzapandemicscanstrikewhentheeasy-to-mutatefluvirusshifts

toastrainthatpeopleneverhaveexperienced.Scientistscannotpredict

whenthenextpandemicwillarrive,althoughconcernisrisingthattheAsian

birdflumighttriggeroneifitstartsspreadingeasilyfrompersontoperson.

5.Duringtheflupandemic,youshouldprotectyourself.Avoidcrowds,

andavoidclosecontactwiththesickunlessyoumustcareforsomeone.Why

aren1tmasksaddedtothisself-protectionlist?Becausetheycanhelptrap

virus-ladendropletsflyingthroughtheairwithacoughorsneeze.Simple

surgicalmasksonlyfilterthelargerdroplets.Besides,theCDCisafraid

masksmaycreateafalsesenseofsecurity.Perhapssomeonewhoshouldhave

stayedhomewoulddonanill-fittingmaskandhoponthesubwayinstead.

6.Nordoesfluonlyspreadthroughtheair.Saysomeonecoversasneeze

withhisorherhand,thentouchesadoorknoborsubwaypole.Ifyoutouch

thatspotnextandthenputgermyhandsonyournoseormouth,you1vebeen

exposed.It1shardertorubyournosewhilewearingamaskandsoyourface

maygetprettysweatyundermasks.Youreachundertowipethatsweatzand

maytransfergermscaughtontheoutsideofthemaskstraighttothenose.

Thesearetheproblemsfacemasksmaycreatefortheirusers.

7.Whetherpeopleshouldorshouldnotusefacemasksstillremainsaquestion.

Thegeneralpublichastowaitpatientlyfortheresultsofthemaskresearch

scientistsarestilldoing.

23>Paragraph2

A.ReasonsforExcludingMasksfromtheSelf-protectionList

B.EfforttoStopFlufromSpreading

C.WhentoUseFaceMasks

D・GuidelinesonMaskUse

E.WarningsfromtheCDC

F.DangerofInfectionThroughGermyHandsandMasks

24、Paragraph3_______

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27>Thescientistsaretryingtofindoutifmasksmayormaynot

A.overusefacemasks

B.dealwiththemaskproblemseriously

C.rubtheirfacesandnosesinthesubway

D.protestagainstthemaskguidelines

E.helpprotectpeoplefrombeingattackedbyaflu

F.announcetheresultsoftheirmaskresearch

28、TheCDCisafraidthatthepublicmay.

29、Thepublicwillnotknowtheansweraboutmasksuntilscientists

30、WecaninferfromthepassagethattheUSauthorities.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Intellect

Americanstodaydon11placeaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroes

areathletes,entertainerszandentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschools

arewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation-nottopursue

knowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualism

inourschoolsaren*tdifficulttofind.

"Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportant

n

thanintellectualzsayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.''Schoolscouldbe

acounterbalance."Ravitch1slatestbook,LeftBack：ACenturyofFailedSchool

Reforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concluding

theyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectual

pursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthe

mindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheability

tothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,

theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,

sayswriterEarlShorris,"Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhave

alesscivilsociety.n

"Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,"writeshistorian

andProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlifez

aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,

religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,

ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmells

ofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeen

consideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthought

schoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren：

"Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15years

andcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.nMark

Twain*sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itshero

avoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoreadsohecanpreserve

hisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,

aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalzcreative,and

contemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,

re-order,andadjustzwhileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizesz

criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysour

country*seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho"joyfullyand

militantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentify

withchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.n

31、WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.B.Profoundknowledgeofthe

world.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.D.Theconfidencein

intellectualpursuits.

32>WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof_______.

A.undervaluingintellectB.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreformD.suppressingnative

intelligence

33、TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare_______.

A.identicalB.similar

C.complementaryD.opposite

34、Emerson,accordingtothetextzisprobably_______.

A.apioneerofeducationreformB.anopponentof

intellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellectD.anadvocateofregular

schooling

35、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

A.Itissecondtointelligence.B.Itevolvesfromcommon

sense.

C.Itistobepursued.D.Itunderliespower.

弟一^扁

ListeningtoBirdsong

Amalezebrafinch（雀科鸣鸟）chirps（鸣）awaytohimself.Suddenlyhenotices

afemalebirdnearby.Herealizeshehasanaudienceandimmediatelychanges

hissong.Canthefemaletellthedifferenceinhisperformance?According

toanewstudy,thefemalezebrafinchknows.Andsheprefersthespecial

trillshecreateswhenhesingstoher.Amalezebrafinchchangeshissong

whensingingtoafemaleinwaysthatpeoplecanbarelydetect.Butthefemale

finchcantellthedifference.

Scientistshadnoticedslightvariationsinthesongsofmalezebrafinches

basedonwhethertheyweresingingaloneorwhethertherewasafemale（and

potentialmate）nearby.Withanaudiencezthemalesspedupthepaceoftheir

songsandcontrolledthenotestheyused.

Forthisstudy,researchersSarahC.WoolleyandAllisonDoupe,atthe

UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,decidedtofocusattentiononthe

listeningfemales,whichhavenotbeenwellstudiedinthepast.

Inthestudy,WoolleyandDoupesetupalongcagewithasoundspeaker

ateachend.Onebroadcastthesoundofamalezebrafinchsingingtohimselfz

likesomeonesingingintheshower.Theotherspeakerbroadcastamaleperforming

forafemaleaudience,asifhewasgivingaconcert.

Femalebirdswereplacedbetweenthetwospeakers.Someofthebirdshad

1

mateszothersdidn1.Thefemalesshiftedaroundabitzandthenmostofthem

hoppedovertositbesidejustonespeaker.Allthebirdsthatmadeaclear

choicelikedsongsmeantforafemaleaudience,evenifthey1dnevermetthe

male.

Matedfemalesalsohadachancetolistentotwodifferentperformance

songs,onefromanunknownmale,andonefromtheirmate.Theyspentmore

timelisteningtotheconcertversionoftheirmates*songs,thissuggests

thatafterawhile,femaleslearntorecognizeandpreferthesongsoftheir

mates.

Scientiststhenstudiedthebrainsofthefemales.Theyfoundcertainareas

ofthebrainperkedup（活跃起来）whenthebirdslistenedtotheconcertsongs.

Thesebrainareasmaybeinvolvedinrecognizingandevaluatingthesongs,

andstoringthememoriesofthem.

Thisresearchdealswithwhat*scalleddirectedcommunication,whenthe

communicatorzorsender,focusesthemessageforaspecificaudience.One

exampleisthewaymornsspeaktotheirbabies.Mothersaroundtheworlduse

thesamesortofhigh-pitchedsing-songchatter（喋喋不休）,andthebabiesrespond

besttothosesounds.Songbirdsareoneoftheonlyotherspeciesknownto

learntheircommunication,inthiscasetheirsongs.

36、Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbirdsongs?

A.Femalezebrafinchesaretooshytosingbeforemales.

B.Malezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemales.

C.Femalezebrafinchesliketolistentounknownmalessing.

D.Malezebrafincheschangetheirsongstoattractfemales.

37、Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches?

A.Femalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates.

B.Femalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

C.Femalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers.

D.Femalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38、Whatismeantby"concertsongs"inparagraph7?

A.Songssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

B.Songssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.

C,Songssungbymalefinchestofemalefinches.

D.Songssungbymalefinchestomanyfemalefinches.

39、Whatdoestheexpression"directedcommunication11meaninthelast

paragraph?

A.Themessagesenderhasaspecificaudience.

B.Thecommunicatorsendsmessagestohimself.

C.Twocommunicatorssendmessagestoeachother.

D.Motherstalktotheirbabiesintheirmothertongue.

40、Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage?

A.Chirpingaway.B.Birdsongsascommunication.

C.Zebrafinchesandtheirlife.D.Frequenciesofbirdsongs.

卯—^桶

TheWasteland

AnewcatastrophefacesAfghanistan.TheAmericanbombingcampaignis

conspiringwithyearsofcivilconflictanddroughttocreateanenvironmental

crisis.

Humanitarianandpoliticalconcernsaredominatingtheheadlines.Butthey

arealsomaskingthedisappearanceofthecountry1soncerichhabitatand

wildlife,whicharequietlybeingcrushedbywar.TheUNisdispatchinga

teamofinvestigatorstotheregionnextmonthtoevaluatethedamage."A

healthyenvironmentisaprerequisiteforrehabilitation,nsaysKlausTopfer,

headoftheUNEnvironmentProgramme.

Muchofsouth-eastAfghanistanwasoncelushforestwateredbymonsoon

rains.Forestsnowcoverlessthan2percentofthecountry."Theworst

deforestationoccurredduringTalibanrule,whenitstimbermafiadenuded

foreststoselltoPakistanimarkets,nsaysUsmanQazi,anenvironmental

consultantbasedinQuetta,Pakistan.Andtheintensebombingintendedto

flushoutthelastoftheTalibantroopsisdestroyingorburningmuchof

whatremains.

Therefugeecrisisisalsowreckingtheenvironment,andmuchdamagemay

beirreversible.Forestsandvegetationarebeingclearedformuch-needed

farming,butthegainsarelikelytobeonlyshort-term.'*Eventuallytheland

willbeunfitforeventhemostbasicformofagriculture,nwarnsHammadNaqi

oftheWorldWideFundforNatureinPakistan.Refugees—around4millionas

thelastcount—arealsocuttingintoforestsforfirewood.

ThehailofbombsfallingonAfghanistanismakinglifeparticularlyhard

forthecountry*swildlife.BirdssuchasthepelicanandendangeredSiberian

cranecrosseasternAfghanistanastheyfollowoneoftheworld1sgreatmigratory

thoroughfaresfromSiberiatoPakistanandIndia.Butthenumberofthebirds

flyingacrosstheregionhasdroppedbyastaggering85percent."Cranesare

verysensitiveandtheydonotusetherouteiftheyseeanydanger,nsays

AshiqAhgmad,anenvironmenta1scientistfortheWWFinPeshawar,Pakistan,

whohastrackedthecollapse