Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusageApplyingtherulesMarkthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.Applyingtherules1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed!ApplyingtherulesBelowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.aSV

cSVOeSVOCgSVOAbSVP

dSVOOfSVASettinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.()Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Don'tpushyourselftoachievemorethanwhatispossible.Instead,youshouldsetgoalsbasedonyourabilitiesandskills.cApplyingtherulesBreakbiggoalsdownintosmallones.Whenyoudoso,(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach.()

Youwillbeproudofyourselfwhenyourealizeeachsmallgoal.(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyourlong-termgoal.()bdApplyingtherulesWriteyourgoalsonpaper.Itisagoodideatoputyourgoalswhereyoucanseethem.(4)Youcanplacethelistonyourbedsidetable.()

Oryoucanstickitonyourbedroomwall.Thiswillremindyouofwhatyouareworkingforandkeepyoufocused.gApplyingtherulesAfteryousetagoal,itisimportanttosticktoitandworkhardtowardsit.(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.()

But(6)youshouldnotgiveup.()

Instead,staypositiveandconfident.(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.()

eafApplyingtherulesWhatisyourgoalforthenewterm?Howareyou

goingtoachieveyourgoal?Writeaboutitusing

differentsentencestructures.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglishinthenewterm.TherearealotofthingsIneedtodotoachievethisgoal.IwillreadtwoEnglishnovelsthisterm.Iwillalsotrytofindalanguagepartner.JoiningtheEnglishclubwillbehelpfultometoo.Allmyeffortswillpayoff!ExampleApplyingtherulesSpeakinginpublicconfidentlyremainsachallengetome.Ifinditdifficulttospeakinpublicconfidently.Mygoalforthenewtermistoimprovemycommunicationskills.Toachievethisgoal,Iwillencouragemyselftoaskandanswermorequestions.Joiningaclubalsoseemsagreatidea.Ithinkitcanoffermeagoodopportunitytomakenewfriendsandacquirenewskills.Besides,Iwillreadabookonhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.AlwaystryhardandIwillsucceed!SampleGrammar1.主语＋谓语（S+V）句中谓语为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,appear,work,takeplace等。二、句子结构GrammarIagree.Classbegins.Theylaughed.Thecarstopped.Thedooropened.Thecarwon'tstart.Theredsunisrising.Mrs.Blackandherchildrentalkedandlaughed.Grammar2.主语＋系动词＋表语（S+P）句中动词单独作谓语时不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫作系动词。Grammar常见的系动词有：be,keep,remain,stay,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,become,go,come,turn,fall,seem,appear,hold,stand,prove,turnout等。GrammarTomlooksthin.Hebecameasinger.Maryseemspleased.Theflowerssmellsweet.Thebaby

fellasleepsoon.Somegirls

are

veryexcited.Myfather'shopeisthatIcangohomefrequently.Grammar3.主语＋谓语＋宾语（S+V+O）句中谓语为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，都有实际意义，都是由主语产生的动作，但后面必须加一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。GrammarIliketakingrisks.Helivesahappylife.MysisterlikesEnglish.MyfatherteachesEnglish.Theyatewhatwasleftover.Headmittedthathemadeamistake.Themuseumhasanexcellentrestaurant.Weallknowthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.Grammar4.主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）句中谓语可以跟两个宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to，构成“主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋to/for＋间接宾语”结构。Grammar间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。GrammarHe

gave

me

anapple.＝Hegaveanappletome.Givemethebook,please.＝Givethebooktome,please.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.＝Settinggoalsgivesafocustoyouinlife.GrammarMrSmith

lent

me

hiscar.

＝MrSmithlenthiscartome.He

offered

me

hisseat.＝Heofferedhisseattome.Fatherbought

me

abook.＝Fatherboughtabookforme.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.＝Shecookedadeliciousmealforherhusband.Grammar5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）句中谓语为及物动词，有时只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，需要用宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。Grammar常见的能跟复合宾语的动词有：keep,

make,let,have,leave,get,see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,

observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade,elect,imagine,start,appoint,call,believe,allow,cause,consider,expect,know,think,want,wish等。Grammar如何判断一个及物动词所跟的是双宾语还是复合宾语？如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。GrammarTheymadeherhappy.TheycalledhimJames.MomaskedTomtoleave.Wewillkeepthetableclean.Weconsidertheworkchallenging.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.Grammar6.主语＋谓语＋状语（S+V+A）句中谓语为不及物动词，后面需要跟状语对谓语动词进行补充说明或限定。GrammarTheyworkhard.Jimrunsinthepark.Johnhasgonetobuybooks.Thechildrenstayedinroom.Allthestudentsarelisteningcarefully.Whenhermothercamein,shewassleeping.Robotcookswillappearinourfamiliesinthefuture．Grammar7.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（S+V+O+A）句中谓语为及物动词，只跟宾语时，句意不完整，需要跟状语进行补充说明或限定。GrammarTheyputthedishhere.Theywanttogoatonce.Theyknowusverywell.Welikethefilmverymuch.Theyarereadingbooksinthelibrary.Themanraised

hisarmsabovehishead.Welookedatthegroupofpeopleinpanic.Janewasdoingherhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Grammar8.Therebe句型“Therebe句型”