职称英语理工类b级模拟23

职称英语理工类B级模拟23

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Theyhavebeenlivingunderthemostappallingconditionsfortwoyears.

A.dreadfulB.badC.unpleasantD.poor

2、Iwasn1tqualifiedforthejobreallybutIgotitanyhow.

A.besidesB.anywayC.wellD.anymore

3、Heachievedsuccessthroughhardwork.

A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took

4、ThestandardssetfouryearsagoinSeoulwillbefarbelowtheathletes1

capabilitiesnow.

A.capacitiesB.strengthsC.possibilitiesD.

abilities

5、Thearmyshouldhaveoperatedinconjunctionwiththefleettoraidtheenemy1s

coast.

A.togetherB.insuccessionC.inallianceD・in

connection

6、Hisclaimsseemcredibletomanypeople.

A.workableB.convincingC.practicalD.reliable

7、Jackisadiligentworker.

A.ambitiousB.lazyC.hardworkingD.clever

8、Societyisnowmuchmorediversethaneverbefore.

A.colorfulB.attractiveC.flexibleD.varied

9、Theirinterpretationwasfaulty.

A.wrongB.ambiguousC,unclearD.unbelievable

10>Theseoldbuildingsaregorgeous.

A.ridiculousB.lovelyC.magnificentD.peculiar

11>Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.

A.insistsB.perseveresC.continuesD.resists

12、ThepowersoftheEuropeanCommissiontoregulatecompetitionintheCommunity

areincreasing.

A.fightB.abolishC.removeD.control

13>Itisverylate；henceyoumustgotobed.

A.fromnowonB.laterC.elsewhereD.thus

14、Frommystandpointzyouknow,thisthingisjustridiculous.

A.positionB.pointofviewC.knowledgeD.opinion

15>Thestorywastouching.

A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.frightening

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供

的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文

中没有提及，请选择C。

MoralIssues

OneofthevirtuesinAmericancultureistohelpothers.

ChristmasinAmericameansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Tosome

people,Christmasmeansbrightlywrappedpackagesunderadecoratedtree.

Toothers,itmeansfamilyreunionsandawonderfulmealtogether.Christmas

alsomeanslendingahelpinghandtopeopleinneed.Alongwithallthehubbub

ofshoppingforpresentsandsendingChristmascards,manypeopleinAmerica

taketimetohelpothers.

InAmericaandaroundtheworld,Christmasoffersmanyopportunitiesto

spread"Peaceonearth,goodwilltowardmen".Forexample,SalvationArmy

bellringersareafamiliarsighttomostChristmasshoppers.Theystandoutside

mallsandstorescollectingmoneyfortheneedy.Manychurchesandother

organizationscollecttoysandclothesasChristmasgiftsforpoorfamilies.

TheChristmasspiritencouragespeopletohelpeachotherinmanylargeand

smallways.

Thespiritofhelpingothersisn*tlimitedtoChristmas.However,Americans

helpothersyear-round.CivicclubssuchastheLion1sClub,theElk'sClub

andtheRotaryClubtakepartinlocalcommunityprojects.Manyorganizations

existjusttohelpothers.TheMakeaWishFoundationgivesterminallyill

childrenachancetohavetheirdreamcometrue.HabitatforHumanityhelps

poorpeoplebuildtheirownhouses.Andbesidessupportingworthycauseswith

theirmoney,thousandsofAmericansdonatetheirtimebyservingasvolunteers

inhospitals,homelesssheltersandschools.

AnothervirtueAmericansrespectisperseverance.

RememberAesop1sfableabouttheturtleandtherabbitthathadarace?

Therabbitthoughthecouldwineasily,sohetookanap.Buttheturtle

finallywonbecausehedidnotgiveup.

CompassionmaybethequeenofAmericanvirtues.Thestoryof'*TheGood

Samaritan"fromtheBibledescribesamanwhoshowedcompassion.Onhisway

toacertaincity,aSamaritanmanfoundapoortravelerlyingontheroad.

Thetravelerhadbeenbeatenandrobbed.ThekindSamaritan,insteadofjust

passingbyzstoppedtohelpthispersoninneed.Compassioncaneventurn

intoapositivecycle.Infallz1992zpeopleinIowasenttruckloadsofwater

tohelpFloridianshitbyahurricane.Thenextsummer,duringtheMidwest

flooding,Floridareturnedthefavor.Inlessdramaticwayszmillionsof

Americansarequietlypassingalongthekindnessshownthem.

Innowaycanthisbriefdescriptioncoverallthemoralvalueshonored

byAmericans.Couragezresponsibility,loyalty,gratitudeandmanyothers

couldbediscussed.Infact,Bennett*sbest-sellerover800pageshighlights

just10virtues.EvenBennettadmitsthathehasonlyscratchedthesurface.

Butnomatterhowlongorshortthelistis,moralvaluesareinvaluable.

TheyarethefoundationofAmericancultureandanyculture.

16、Christmasonlymeansbrightlywrappedpackagesunderadecoratedtree

toAmericans.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Christmasoffersmanyopportunitiestospread"Peaceonearth,goodwill

towardmenHaroundtheworldexceptinAmerica.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>AmericanshelpothersonlyinChristmas.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、CompassionmaybethemostimportantoneofAmericanvirtues.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>MoralvaluesarethefoundationofChineseculture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Bennettonlytouchedontenvirtues.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Aesop1sfableabouttheturtleandtherabbitispopularinAmerica.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、4、5、6

段每段选择1个最佳标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最

佳选项。

Intelligence

1Intelligencewasbelievedtobeafixedentity,somefacultyofthemindthatwe

allpossessandwhichdeterminesinsomewaytheextentofourachievements.Itsvalue

therefore,wasasapredictorofchildren'sfuturelearning.Iftheydifferedmarkedlyin

theirabilitytolearncomplextasks,thenitwasclearlynecessarytoeducatethem

differentlyandtheneedfordifferenttypesofschoolandevendifferentabilitygroups

withinschoolwasobvious.Intelligencetestscouldbeusedforstreamingchildren

accordingtoabilityatanearlyage;andat11thesetestsweresuperiortomeasuresof

attainmentforselectingchildrenfordifferenttypesofsecondaryeducation.

2Today,wearebeginningtothinkdifferently.Inthelastfewyears,researchhas

throwndoubtontheviewthatinnateintelligencecaneverbemeasuredandonthe

verynatureofintelligenceitself.Thereisconsiderableevidencenowwhichshowsthe

greatinfluenceofenvironmentbothonachievementandintelligence.Childrenwith

poorhomebackgroundsnotonlydolesswellintheirschoolworkandintelligencetests

buttheirperformancetendstodeteriorategraduallycomparedwiththatoftheirmore

fortunateclassmates.

3Thereareevidencesthatsupporttheviewthatwehavetodistinguishbetween

geneticintelligenceandobservedintelligence.Anydeficiencyintheappropriategenes

willrestrictdevelopmentnomatterhowstimulatingtheenvironment.Wecannot

observeandmeasureinnateintelligence,whereaswecanobserveandmeasurethe

effectsoftheinteractionofwhateveris.Inheritedwithwhateverstimulationhasbeen

receivedfromtheenvironment.Researcheshavebeeninvestigatingwhathappensin

thisinteraction.

4Twomajorfindingshaveemergedfromtheseresearches.Firstly,thegreater

partofthedevelopmentofobservedintelligenceoccursintheearliestyearsoflife.Itis

estimatedthat50percentofmeasurableintelligenceatage17isalreadypredictableby

theageoffour.Secondly,themostimportantfactorsintheenvironmentarelanguage

andpsychologicalaspectoftheparent-childrelationship.Muchofthedifferencein

measuredintelligencebetween"privileged"and"disadvantaged'*childrenmaybedue

tothelatter'slackofappropriateverbalstimulationandthepovertyoftheirperceptual

experiences.

5TheseresearchHndingshaveledtoarevisioninourunderstandingofthe

natureofintelligence.Insteadofitbeingsomelargelyinheritedfixedpowerofthe

mind,wenowseeitasasetofdevelopedskillswithwhichapersoncopeswithany

environment.Theseskillshavetobelearnedand,indeed,oneofthemislearninghow

tolearn.

6Themodemideasconcerningthenatureofintelligenceareboundtohavesome

effectonourschoolsystem.Inonerespectachangeisalreadyoccurring.Withthe

movetowardcomprehensiveeducationandthedevelopmentofunstreamedclasses,

fewerchildrenwillbegiventhelabel"lowIQ"whichmustinevitablycondemnachild

inhisown,ifnotsociety*seyes.Theideathatwecanteachchildrentobeintelligentin

thesamewayaswecanteachthemreadingorarithmeticisacceptedbymoreandmore

people.

AMainResultsofRecentResearches

BPopularDoubtabouttheNewView

CEffectofEnvironmentonIntelligence

DIntelligenceandAchievement

EImpactonSchoolEducation

FAChangedViewofIntelligence

23>Paragraph2

24、Paragraph4

25>Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

Awecanteachthemreadingorarithmetic

Basetofdevelopedskills

Cschoolworkandintelligencetests

Daccordingtoabilityatanearlyage

Eafixedentity

Fthemostimportantfactorsintheenvironmentarelanguageand

psychologicalaspectsoftheparent-childrelationship

27、Intelligencetestscouldbeusedforstreamingchildren.

28、Oneofthetwomajorfindingsofresearchesisthatthegreaterpartof

thedevelopmentofobservedintelligenceoccurintheearliestyearsoflife,

theotheristhat.

29、Morerecentresearcheshaveshownthatintelligenceismotsomelargely

inheritedpowerofmind,but.

30、Moreandmorepeoplebelievedthatwecanteachchildrentobeintelligent

inthesamewaythat.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

U.S.ScientistsConfirmWateronMars

NASAscientistssaidthatMarswascoveredoncebyvastlakes,flowing

riversandavarietyofotherwetenvironmentsthathadthepotentialto

supportlife.

LaboratorytestsaboardNASA*sPhoenixMarsLanderhaveidentifiedwater

inasoilsample；thelander1sroboticarmdeliveredthesampleWednesday

toaninstrumentthatidentifiesvaporsproducedbytheheatingofsamples.

"Wehavewater,nsaidWilliamBoyntonoftheUniversityofArizona,lead

scientistfortheThermalandEvolved-GasAnalyzer,orTEGA"Thisisthe

firsttimeMartianwaterhasbeentouchedandtasted.n

TheroboticarmisacriticalpartofthePhoenixMarsmission.Itisneeded

totrenchintotheicylayersofnorthernpolarMarsanddeliversamples

toinstrumentsthatwillanalyzewhatMarsismadeof,whatitswaterislike,

andwhetheritisorhaseverbeenapossiblehabitatforlife.

Thesoilsamplecamefromatrenchapproximately2inchesdeep.Whenthe

roboticarmfirstreachedthatdepth,ithitahardlayeroffrozensoil.

Twoattemptstodeliversamplesoficysoilondayswhenfreshmaterialwas

exposedwerefoiledwhenthesamplesbecamestuckinsidethescoop.Mostof

thematerialinWednesday1ssamplehadbeenexposedtotheairfortwodays,

lettingsomeofthewaterinthesamplevaporizeawayandmakingthesoil

easiertohandle.

"Marsisgivingussomesurprises,nsaidPhoenixprincipalinvestigator

PeterSmithoftheUniversityofArizona."We1reexcitedbecausesurprises

arewherediscoveriescomefrom.Onesurpriseishowthesoilisbehaving.

Theice-richlayerssticktothescoopwhenpoisedinthesunabovethedeck,

differentfromwhatweexpected,fromalltheMarssimulationtestingwe*ve

donesofar.n

SincelandingonMay25zPhoenixhasbeenstudyingsoilwithachemistry

lab,TEGA,amicroscope,aconductivityprobeandcameras.Thescienceteam

istryingtodeterminewhetherthewatericeeverthawsenoughtobeavailable

forbiologyandifcarbon-containingchemicalsandotherrawmaterialsfor

lifearepresent.

Themissionisexaminingtheskyaswellastheground.ACanadianinstrument

isusingalaserbeamtostudydustandcloudsoverhead.

"It1sa30-wattlightbulbgivingusalasershowonMars,'*saidVictoria

HipkinoftheCanadianSpaceAgency.

Afull-circle,colorpanoramaofPhoenix1ssurroundingsalsohasbeen

completedbythespacecraft.HThedetailsandpatternsweseeintheground

showanice-dominatedterrainasfarastheeyecansee,'*saidMarkLemmon

ofTexasA&MUniversity,leadscientistforPhoenix1sSurfaceStereoImager

camera."Theyhelpusplanmeasurementswe*remakingwithinreachoftherobotic

armandinterpretthosemeasurementsonawiderscale.n

31、WhatwasdiscoveredbyNASA1sPhoenixMarsLanderonMars?

A.Vastlakes.

B.Flowingrivers.

C.Waterinasoilsample.

D.Livingthings.

32、Whydidthefirsttwoattemptstodeliversamplesfail?

A.Thesamplevaporizedaway.

B.Freshmaterialwasexposedtotheair.

C.Thesamplesgotstuckinsidethescoop.

D.Theroboticarmhitahardrock.

33、WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?

A.Scientistshavebeentryingtobreaktheice-richlayersofsoilon

Mars.

B.ScientistshavebeensurprisedbyhowthesoilonMarsbehaves.

C.Scientistshavebeentryingtofendoutifthereislifesupporting

materialonMars.

D.Scientistshavebeentryingtoknowifwatericewillmelt.

34、Wherearethescientistsinvolvedintheresearchfrom?

A.TheyarefromAmerica.

B.TheyarefromCanada.

C.TheyarefrombothAmericaandCanada.

D.TheyarefromneitherAmericanorCanada.

35、WhichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestdescriptionofPhoenix1s

SurfaceStereoImagerCamera,accordingtoyourunderstandingofthepassage?

A.Itimitateshumanvisionandisabletocapturethree-dimensionalimages.

B.Itimitateshumanvoiceandisabletorecordslightsoundswhiletaking

photos.

C.Ittakesclearphotosthatshoweverydetailoftheobject.

D.Itisthisparticulartypeofcamerathatcantakewideanglepictures.

弟一^扁

WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?

Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacross

thecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesandneverreturning.

Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapsedisorder.Accordingto

surveysofbeekeepersacrossthecountry,25to40percentofthehoneybees

intheUnitedStateshavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,

noonecanexplainwhy.

Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantrole

intheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed,honeybees

spreadpollenfromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan11produce

seedsorfruits.

Now,agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigure

outwhat1scausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Bysharing

theirexpertiseinhoneybeebehavior,health,andnutrition,teammembers

hopetofindoutwhat*scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbee

disappearancesinthefuture.

Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplore

thatpossibility,JayEvanszaresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartment

ofAgriculture(USDABeeResearchLaboratory,examinesbeestakenfromcolonies

thatarecollapsing.nWeknowwhatshealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinside,

andwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease,”hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsing

coloniesdon11lookveryhealthy."Theirstomachsareworndown,compared

tothestomachsofhealthybees,'*Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasiteis

damagingthebees*digestiveorgans.Theirimmunesystemsmaynotbeworking

astheyshould.Moreover,theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.

Anothercauseofcolony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthat

farmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops,saysJerryHayeszchief

beeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture.Somestudieszhe

says,suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticideaffectsthehoneybee*snervous

system(whichincludesthebrain)andmemory."Itseemslikehoneybeesare

goingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,"hesays.

Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse,bees,

genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.

Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferent

1

genesagrouphaszthehigherthegroupsgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientists

haven*tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse,butit1s

apromisingtheory,saysEvans.

36、Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?

A.Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.

B.25-40percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.

C.Honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesanddonotreturn.

D.Honeybeehivesareindisorder.

37、Whyareresearchersseriouslyconcernedwiththephenomenonof

colony-collapsedisorder?

A.Becausehoneybeesproduceone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.

B.Becausehoneybeesfeedonflowers.

C.Becausehoneybeeseatseedsofflowers.

D.BothBandC.

38、Whatarethepossiblecausesofcolony-collapsedisordergivenbythe

scientists?

A.Worseningenvironment.

B.Diseaseandchemicals.

C.Dwindlingnumberofflowersaround.

D.Changesingenes*structures.

39、Accordingtothefifthparagraph,whichofthefollowingaboutbees*genes

istrue?

A.Bees,genesallowthemtoexpandtheircolonies.

B.Bees,geneshelpkeepthemintheirhives.

C.Bees1genesmakethemflyfromflowertoflower.

D.Bees,genescouldexplainthecollapseofsomecolonies.

40、WhatexplanationisgivenbyJerryHayestothephenomenon?

A.Farmersapplycertainchemicalstokillunwantedbees.

B.Theinsecticidedestroysthehoneybee*snervoussystem.

C.Theinsecticideaffectsthehoneybee*smemory.

D.Alloftheabove.

-

AmericansGetTouchy

TheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportedthatAmericanteensarehugging

practicallyeveryonetheysee.Saygoodbyetothegreetingsofthepast,

fromthehands-off"What*sup!Htothehandshakeorhigh-five.Foryoungpeople

acrossthecountry,huggingisthenew"Hello".

Girlsarehugginggirls.Boysarehuggingboys.Girlsandboysarehugging

eachother.And,likeeverymajortrend,therearelotsofvariationson

theform.There*stheclassiczfull-body,arms-around-the-personbearhug,

thecasualone-armedsidehug,thegrouphugandthehugfrombehind.There1s

thehandshakethatturnsintoahugandthehugthatturnsintoapatonthe

back.

Astrendsgo,thisoneseemsprettyinnocent.Butsomeparentszteachers

andschooladministratorsareworriednonetheless.Willyoungpeoplewho

aren*tascomfortablewithphysicalcontactfeelpeerpressuredintohugging?

Willkidswhodon*treceivehugsfeelleftout?Couldanextra-longhugslide

intothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassment?

Inresponsetosomeoftheseconcernszsomeschoolshavesetupnewrules

tolimitoreliminatehugging.Oneschoolheadhascreatedathree-second

limitationforhugsatherschool.Afewschoolshavetakenevenmoredrastic

measures,placingabanonallformsoftouchingbetweenstudents.

Afewimportantpointsarebeingleftoutofthediscussion.Whilethe

UShastraditionallybeenreservedabouttouchingsavinghugsandkisses

forrelativeszromanticpartnersandveryclosefriends--peopleinmanyother

partsoftheworldhavebeengreetingeachotherthiswayforages.

InLatinAmericaorWesternEuropezincountrieslikeSpain,France,and

Italy,akissonthecheekiscommonamongwomenzaswe