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托福模拟考试及答案解析(20)
(1~6/共51题)阅读理解
TheFormationoftheSolarSystem
Astronomersestimatethatthesolarsystemissomewherearoundfivebillionyearsoldand
haveseveraltheoriesregardingitscreation.Themostcommon—andmostwidelyaccepted—one
isthenebularhypothesis.Accordingtothistheory,thesolarsystemdevelopedfroman
enormouscloudofgasanddust.Firstproposedintheeighteenthcentury,thenebularhypothesis
wasnotwidelyaccepteduntilthelatetwentiethcentury,whenobservationsofnewbornstars
andtheirsolarsystemsappearedtoconfirmmanyaspectsofit.
Thenebularhypothesispositsthatahugecloudofgasanddustbegancollapsingonitselfdue
totheforceofgravity.Asitcollapsed,theconservationofangularmomentumcausedthegas
anddusttocontractfurtherandtospinrapidly.Thisspinningcreatedacentralcoreof
elements—primarilyheliumandhydrogen—whichformedanewstar;orprotostar,thatwould
eventuallybecomethesun.Thecontractingelementsheatedup,andnuclearfusioninthe
protostarsoonoccurred.Aroundtheprotostar,alargefiatdiscofdust,rock,andice,which
wouldbecometheplanets,moons,andasteroidsinthesolarsystem,collected.Thisinitialstage
intheformationofthesolarsystemlastedapproximately100,000years.
Next,theplanetsformedthroughtheprocessknownasaccretion.Inthespinningdiscof
materialsurroundingtheprotostar,dust,rock,andicestartedslammingintooneanotherand
clumpingintobiggerandbiggermasses.Astheyincreasedinsize,theirgravitationalfields
attractedmorematerial,sotheygrewevenlarger.Overthecourseofseveralmillionyears,this
processformedtheplanets.Thoseplanetsclosesttothesunformedintoballsofrockymaterial
becauseonlyelementswithhighmeltingpoints,suchasiron,nickel,andvarioussilicates,could
endurethesun'sheat.
Theouterplanets,ontheotherhand,formedintogiantballsofgassinceinthecolderregion,
whichiscalledthefrostlinebyastronomersandwhichstartsbetweenMarsandJupiter,moreof
thespinningdisc'smaterialsurvivedthesun'sgrowingheat.Thismaterialmostlyexistedinthe
formofgasandicecrystals.Thespinningouterplanetscapturedlargeamountsofthismaterial
andsubsequentlygrewintomassiveballsofgasthatcontainedsomefrozenelements.
*posit:tostateasafact
*accretion:anincreaseinsizeduetothegradualaccumulationofmaterial
第1题
Theauthor'sdescriptionoftheprotostarinparagraph2mentionswhichofthefollowing?
A.Themannerinwhichitformedaccordingtothenebularhypothesis
B.Thesizethatitattainedbeforetheplanets,moons,andasteroidsformed
C.Thewaythatnuclearfusionhappenedandcausedittobecomethesun
D.Theamountoftimethatitspununtilitscentralcorewasformed
第2题
Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueofthefrostline?
A.TheplanetsthatarelocatedwithinittravelaroundthesunfrombeyondMars.
B.Astronomersbelievethatitistoocoldforanyformsoflifetosurviveinit.
C.AIIoftheplanetsinittooklongertocreatethantheplanetsclosertothesun.
□.Elementssuchasironandnickelarefoundonplanetsthereintheirgaseousforms.
第3题
Vocabulary
=todecreaseinsize
第4题
=anymineralcompoundcontainingsilicon
第5题
=tobecompletelyaroundsomeoneorsomething
第6题
=next;later;afterward
下一题
(7~21/共51题)阅读理解
EarthquakePrediction
Earthquakesrankamongthemostdevastatingof"allnaturaldisasters,andunlikemanyothers,
suchashurricanesandvolcaniceruptions,theyvirtuallyalwaysstrikewithnowarning.This
preventspeoplefromevacuatingtheearthquakezonetosavethemselves.Therehavebeen
someeffortstopredictearthquakes,buttheyarerifewithproblemsandhaveresultedonlyin
limitedsuccesses.
Onemethodistostudythelong-termhistoryofearthquakepatterns.Aroundtheworld,there
arecertainareas,suchasJapanandthePacificcoastregionoftheUnitedStates,where
earthquakesarefrequent.Thesezonesarelocatedalongfaultlines,whichmostlyoccurwhere
thetectonicplatescomprisingtheEarth'scrustmeet.Byexaminingthehistoricrecord,
seismologistscanmakegeneralpredictionsregardingfutureearthquakes.Additionally,an
increaseinseismicactivityinthesezonesmayindicatethepossibilityoflargerearthquakesinthe
nearfuture.Forexample,whenaminorearthquakeranking3.0ontheRichterscaleoccurs,there
isaroughlyten-percentchanceofalargeronehappeninginthesameareawithinafewdays.
Thisistoosmallamargintojustifythemassevacuationofpeoplefromapotentialearthquake
zonethough.
Makingmorespecificpredictionsofwhenandwhereearthquakeswilloccurisextremely
difficult.Oneareathathasseensomesmallsuccessisthestudyingofanimalbehaviorasanimals
tendtobesensitivetosuddenchangesintheirenvironments.PriortoanearthquakeinItalyin
2009,thepopulationofmaletoadsinaregionsuddenlymovedtonewterritories.Thiswaslater
citedasanexampleofanimalsforeseeinganearthquake.Unfortunately,usinganimalstopredict
earthquakesisunfeasibleatthistimeasitwouldrequireanenormouseffortcontinuouslyto
observeandreportonanimalpopulationsinearthquakezones.
Radongasemissionsmayenablescientiststopredictearthquakesinthefuture.Therehas
beenanotableriseinradongasemissionscomingfromundergroundpriortomanyearthquakes.
Apaperpublishedin2009showedthatsince1966,almostninetyearthquakeswereprecededby
radonemissionspikes.Someoftheseearthquakes,however,tookplacemonthsafterthe
emissionsoccurred,soitmaynotbepossibleaccuratelytostatewhentremorswillhappen.
Basedoncurrenttechnology,itappearsasthoughitisnotpossibletopredictearthquakeswith
anymeasureofaccuracy.
*tectonicplate:alargemassoflandthatisapartoftheEarth'scrust
*Richterscale:ascalethatgoesfrom1to10andmeasurestheintensityofearthquakes
第7题
Accordingtoparagraph2,whydoearthquakesoftentakeplaceinsomepartsoftheplanet?
A.Thepastoccurrenceofearthquakesmakesaregionmoresusceptibletotheminthefuture.
B.TheyoftenhappeninareaswherelargebodiesoflandmeettheEarth'soceans.
C.Theyoccurnearfaultlinesthatexistwheretheplatesmakingupthecrustmeet.
D.ThepresenceofvolcanoescanweakentheEarth'scrustandcauseearthquakestohappen.
第8题
Accordingtoparagraph3,oneproblemwithrelyinguponanimalstopredictearthquakesisthat
A.scientistsarenotsurewhichtypesofanimalstheyneedtoobservetheclosest
B.watchinggroupsofanimalswouldrequiretheexpenditureofnumerousresources
C.therearenotenoughpeoplewhoaretrainedtowatchhowanimalsbehave
D.howspecificgroupsofanimalsbehavepriortoearthquakesisnotyetknown
第9题
Vocabulary
=abundant;plentiful
第10题
=impractical
第11题
=apersonwhostudiesearthquakes
第12题
=tohappenbeforesomethingelse
第13题
Mapping
Thefollowingchartshowsthestructureofthepassage.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriate
words.
图片
第14题
Summary
Thefollowingisasummaryofthepassage.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewords.
Earthquakescanbedevastatingnaturaldisasters,butitisverydifficultto20them,unlike
hurricanesandvolcaniceruptions.Some21studythelong-termhistoryofearthquake
patterns.Certainplacesintheworldget22earthquakes,sotheycanpredictwheresome
earthquakeswilloccur.Additionally,whena3.0quakeonthe23scalehappens,thereisa
10%chancealargeronewilloccursoon.Animal24mayalsohelppredictearthquakes.In
Italyin2009,maletoadsmovedtonewterritories25toanearthquake.Andradongas
26oftenincreasebeforemanyearthquakes.However,allofthesemethodshaveproblems,so
predictingearthquakesmaynotbe27
第15题
第16题
第17题
第18题
第19题
第20题
第21题
上一题下一题
(22~29/共51题)阅读理解
TheFormationoftheGlobalAtmosphere
Inmoderntimes,theEarth'satmosphereiscomprisedof78%nitrogen,21%oxygen,asmall
amountofcarbondioxide,andtraceamountsofseveralotherelements.Toreachthisstate,the
atmospherehasundergoneseveraltransformationsinitslonghistory.Inthebeginning,the
planethadnoatmosphere,but,astheEarthbegancooling,largeamountsofgaseswerevented
fromtheinterior;primarilythroughvolcanicactivity.Thismarkedthestartoftheplanet'sfirst
atmosphere.Duringthisstage,theatmospherecontainedmostlywatervapor,methane,carbon
dioxide,andnitrogen,amixturewhichcouldneverbesafelybreathedbyvirtuallyalllifeformson
theplanettoday.
AstheEarthcooledevenmore,thewatervaporintheatmospherefellfromtheskyasrain
andbegancollectingonthesurfaceroughlythreebillionyearsago.Itwasinthiswaterthatthe
firstformsoflifeappearedintheformofcyanobacteria,whichismorecommonlycalled
blue-greenalgae.Thesealgaefedoff"thehugeamountsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere
and,throughtheprocessofphotosynthesis,emittedoxygenbackintotheatmosphere.Overthe
next300millionyears,thelevelofoxygenintheatmosphereroseinsmallamountsandattained
alevelsufficientenoughtobegincombiningwithironinrockstooxidizeandtoproducerust.
Throughthestudyofsuchrocks,geologistshavebeenabletopinpointtheearlyriseofthelevel
ofoxygenintheatmosphere.Infact,rocksabsorbedsomuchoftheoxygenproducedatthat
timethatthecreationofanoxygen-richatmospherewasforestalled.
Itwasapproximately750millionyearsagothatanoxygenboombeganontheplanet.A
tippingpointofsortswasreached,sotheoxygenlevelstartedoutpacingthecarbondioxidelevel
byclimbingtoaroundafifthofwhatitcurrentlyis.Thiswasasignificantenoughchangethatlife
formsdependingoncarbondioxidestarteddyingoutwhilethosefavoringoxygenstartedthriving.
Atthattime,alllifewasintheoceanssinceitcouldnotsurviveonlandonaccountofthehigh
levelsofultravioletradiationproducedbythesun.However,withtheincreaseintheoxygenlevel
oftheatmosphere,someoxygenmoleculeshitbythesun'senergybegansplittingintosingle
oxygenatoms.Thesesingleatomsthenformedwithairborneoxygenmolecules,whichhavetwo
atoms,toformozone,whichhasthreeoxygenatoms.Thisprocessgraduallyformedtheozone
layer;whichprotectslifeontheplanetfromhighdosesofultravioletradiation.
Oncetheozonelayerwasestablished,theworld'slifeforms,mostofwhichwereoxygen
breathing,graduallyemergedfromtheoceansandmigratedontotheland.Abalancebetween
thecarbondioxide-breathingplantsandoxygen-breathinganimalsslowlyasserteditself.Atthe
sametime,carbondioxidewasbeingabsorbednotonlybyplantsbutalsobytheoceansandrock
formationsinprocessesthatcontinuetothisday.Asaresult,thelevelofcarbondioxidedeclined
tolessthanonepercentoftheatmospherewhiletheamountofoxygenrose.Theendresultof
thisentireprocess,whichtookbillionsofyears,isthecurrentstateoftheatmosphere.
*trace:tiny;miniscule
*photosynthesis:theprocessthroughwhichplantsusethesun'senergytoconvertwaterand
carbondioxideintooxygenandsugarthattheyusefornourishment
*split:todivide
第22题
Vocabulary
=acolorless,odorless,andflammablegas
第23题
=tocombinewithoxygen
第24题
=asmallaquaticorganismthatcontainschlorophyll
第25题
=tomovefromoneplacetoanother
第26题
VocabularyQuestion
Thewordforestalledinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.anticipated
B.hindered
C.produced
0.occasioned
第27题
FactualInformationQuestion
Accordingtoparagraph2,theoxygenlevelintheatmosphereincreasedbecause
A.certainrifeformsextractedcarbondioxidefromtheairandreleasedoxygenintoit
B.oxygenthathadbeenpreviouslycontainedinrocksescapedandmovedintotheatmosphere
C.thelightfromthesuncausedcompoundstobreakapartandtoreleasefree-standingoxygen
D.volcanicactivityaroundtheplanetreleasedlargeamountsofoxygenintotheair
第28题
NegativeFactualInformationQuestion
Inparagraph3,allofthefollowingquestionsareansweredEXCEPT:
A.WhatcausedtheozonelayertoformintheEarth'satmosphere?
B.Whydidnolifeexistontheplanet'ssurfacemorethan750millionyearsago?
C.Whendidtheoxygenlevelintheatmospherebegintoexceedthecarbondioxidelevel?
D.Howdidultravioletradiationlimitthesizeofthelifethatlivedintheplanet'soceans?
第29题
ProseSummaryQuestion
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.Completethe
summarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasofthe
passage.Somesentencesdonotbelongbecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthe
passageorareminorideasinthepassage.
ThecompositionoftheEarth'satmospherehasundergoneseveralchangesoverthecourseof
theplanet'shistory.
ANSWERCHOICES
①Thecreationoftheozonelayerintheatmosphereenabledlifeformstoemergefromthe
oceansandtolivesafelyonland.
©Despitethefactthatnitrogendominatestheplanet'satmosphere,itcannotbesafelybreathed
bymostformsoflife.
③Thesun'sultravioletraysareharmfultoallformsoflifeandwouldkillitinarelativelyshort
periodoftimeifitwereexposedtotherays.
@Theearlyatmospherecontainedalargeamountofcarbondioxide,nitrogen,andother
elementstoxictomodernlifeforms.
⑤Theprocessofphotosynthesisthatwaspracticedbyalgaewaswhatpromptedoxygentobegin
enteringtheatmosphereinlargeamounts.
©TherewasagreatamountofvolcanicactivityontheEarthintheearlyyearsaftertheplanet
wasformed.
上一题下一题
(30~37/共51题)阅读理解
MoviesandTheatricalPerformances
Untilthecreatingofmotionpicturesinthelatenineteenthcentury,livetheatrical
performanceswereamongthemainwayspeopleentertainedthemselves.Nowadays,thereverse
istrueasmovieticketsalesandboxofficereceiptsfarexceedthoseoflivetheater.Whilethetwo
typesofperformanceshavesomesimilarities,theyarevastlydifferentinmanyways,andwhich
isthebetterofthetwodependsoneachperson'sindividualtasteandopinion.
Movieshaveseveraladvantagesoverlivetheatricalproductions,amongthembeingofmuch
greaterscope,havingcastsofthousandsinsomecases,andusingsophisticatedspecialvisualand
soundeffectstoenhancethestoriestheirdirectorswanttotell.Thestunningpresentations
createdareakeyreasonthatsomanypeopleworldwideenjoywatchingmovies.Therearealsoa
largenumberofgenres,sotherearelovestories,detectivestories,andevenstoriesabout
superheroes,whichmeansthereissomethingfornearlyeveryonetoenjoy.Moviescostlessto
attendthanmostlivetheatricalperformancesasticketsaveragearoundtendollarsashowwhile
livetheaterismuchmoreexpensive,withticketsforBroadwayproductionscostinghundredsof
dollarsormore.Finally,moviescanbeviewedathomeontelevisionsorcomputermonitors,
therebyeliminatingtheneedtogoouttobeentertained.
Livetheater;however;isnotwithoutmeritsofitsown.Foronething,itisamoreintimate
presentation,withtheaudienceandperformersbeinginthesameroomatthesametime,so
thereisamoreintenseconnectionthantheonepeoplegetfromwatchingactorsonfilm.
Theatricalperformancesandperformersalsotendtobeofhigherqualityactingwisesincethe
performersgetnosecondchanceiftheymakeamistake;movieactors,ontheotherhand,cando
asmanytakesasnecessarytogettheirlinesorscenesright.Iftheaterperformersflubtheirlines,
theaudiencewillnotice,andtheperformanceasawholewillsuffer.Asaresult,thebestactors
canbefoundinlivetheatricalperformances.Finally,inlivetheater;notwoperformancesare
everalike.Eachtimeaplay,opera,ballet,ormusicalisstaged,itmayutilizethesamewords,
songs,anddanceroutines,butthereisalwayssomethingfreshfortheaudiencetoappreciate.
Fromabusinesspointofview,moviestendtobemoreprofitablethanlivetheater.Moviescan
becopiedandviewedworldwidebymillionsofpeopleatthesametimeandtherebyearntheir
producersandstudiosenormousreturnsontheirinvestmentsinarelativelyshortamountof
time.Inrecentyears,forinstance,somemovieshavegrossedmorethanonebilliondollarsatthe
globalboxoffice.Livetheater;however;isstagedononenightinoneplaceatonetime,soits
earningpotentialislimitedbythenumberofseatsinthetheater.Whilesomemorepopular
performancesareputonindifferentcitiesatthesametime,therearestillfarfewer
simultaneousshowsthanmoviescanachieve.Mainlyonaccountofthewideraccessibilityof
moviesovertheatricalperformances,movieswilllikelycontinuetogrowinpopularitydespitethe
factthattheyareofpoorerqualitythantheatricalproductions.
*merit:value;excellence
*flub:toerr;tomakeamistake
*stage:toputonaperformanceheldonastage
第30题
Vocabulary
=tomakebetter;toimprove
第31题
=strongwithregardtofeelingsoremotions
第32题
=akindortype
第33题
=happeningatthesametime
第34题
InferenceQuestion
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1abouttheatricalperformances?
A.Theyaresometimesperformedbyasmallcastofonlytwoorthreeactors.
B.Theymakelessmoneythanmoviesbutarestillabletobeprofitablefortheirproducers.
C.Theylostsomeoftheirpopularityinthetwentiethcenturyduetotheappearanceofmovies.
D.Theyareconsideredbetterthanmoviesbythemajorityofpeopleinmanycountries.
第35题
Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthormentionticketsforBroadwayproductions?
A.Tonotethedifficultyofacquiringthemforsomeofthemostpopularperformances
B.Ibstresshowexpensivetheyareincomparisontoticketsformovies
C.Toexplaintheprocessthatoneneedstogothroughtopurchasethem
D.Tbclaimthattheyareinaccessibletothemajorityofpeoplewhoseekentertainment
第36题
FactualInformationQuestion
Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueofmovies?
A.Someofthemhaveearnedmorethanonebilliondollarsinasinglecountryrecently.
B.Alotofthemfailtoearnmoney,buttheonesthatareprofitableearnhugesumsofmoney.
C.Theatricalperformancesfrequentlyearnmuchmoremoneythanmoviesdo.
D.Theycanproducelargeamountsofmoneyfortheirbackersveryquickly.
第37题
FillinaTableQuestion
Selecttheappropriatestatementsfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtothetypeof
entertainmenttowhichtheyrelate.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.
图片.STATEMENTS
©Tendnottobeperformedbythebestactorsandactresses
②Aremanydifferenttypesofstoriesthatcanbepresentedtoaudiences
③Mayhaveslightdifferenceseachtimethattheyareseenbyaudiences
©Requireperformerstospendlongamountsoftimerehearsingtheirlines
⑤Havemuchlargercaststhantheothertypeofperformance
@Canbeshowntoasmallernumberofpeopleatthesametimethantheother
©Maytakeseveralmonthsofpreparationbeforeaudiencescanseethem上一题下一题
(38~51/共51题)阅读理解
White-CrownedSparrowVocalizations
Thewhite-crownedsparrowisasongbirdnativetoNorthAmericathatbreedsinAlaskaand
CanadainsummerandwintersinthecontinentalUnitedStatesandthenorthernpartofMexico.
Itisnotedforitsdistinctiveplumageconsistingofagraybreastandawhitecrownwithblack
streaks.Thesparrowisalsoeasilyrecognizedbyitsuniquesongandcallpatterns.These
vocalizationshavebeenatthecenterofsomeintensestudiesbyzoologists,theprimarypurpose
ofwhichwastorecognizewhenthebirdlearnshowtomakesongsandcalls.Asecondary
purposeofthestudieswastounderstandvariationsinthesongsandcallsthatoccurindifferent
geographicalregions.
Therearedistinctivesongsandcallsproducedbythesparrow,butonlythemalesofthe
speciesproducethesevocalizations.Thereareregionalvarietiesinthesongs,butallofthem
followasimilarpattern.First,thesparrowmakesahigh,piercingwhistleasanintroduction.This
isfollowedbymorewhistlesindifferentpatterns,andthenthebirdendsthesongwithanalmost
buzzingtrillingsound.Everysonglastsforonlytwotothreeseconds,andthebirdsingssongsin
groupsthatareseparatedbypausesofuptoeightorninesecondsbetweeneachone.Asforits
calls,thebirdhasaroundtendistinctivecalls.Theymaysoundsimilartothesongs,buttheyare
not.Instead,thecallsarecomposedofsharpwhistlesandchirpsthataremadeingroupsoras
individualnoisesseparatedbypauses.Thepurposesofthecallsvary,butthemostcommonare
alarmcallstowarnothersofnearbydangerandharsh,raspingnoiseswhenthebirdsarehaving
disputeswithothermalesofthesamespecies.
Zoologistsareveryinterestedinhowmalewhite-crownedsparrowscometolearntheirsongs
andcalls.Experimentsconductedindicatedthatthevocalizationsareofaninstinctivenature
engrainedinthebirdsfrombirth.However,thestudiesalsoshowedthatthechicksneeda
teacher—anadultmale—toassisttheminproperlylearningthesongsandcalls.Inone
experiment,zoologiststookamalesparrowchickeightdaysoldandisolatedhimfromallothers
ofhisspecies.Thebirdproducedsongsandcalls,buttheywereabnormalincomparisontothose
chicksraisedtogetherwithothersofthesamespecies.Inthesamesetofexperiments,another
malechickwasraisedwithanadultmale,and,overtime,thechickseemedtopickupthecorrect
vocalizationsbylisteningtotheadultmale.Thechickbeganlearningwithwhatthezoologists
calledsubsongs,whichwereweakerversionsoftheadult'ssongs.Overtime,thesubsongs
becamemoresimilartotheadult'ssongsandeventuallymatchedthemperfectly.
Thestudiesfurtherreinforcedwhatzoologistsalreadyknewaboutothersongbirds:Theyhave
ashortwindowinwhichtolearntheirsongsandcalls.?Thesparrowshadtolearnthemina
windowranginganywherefromfifteentofiftydaysafterhatching.?Afterfiftydays,malescould
notlearnproperlyeveniftheywereplacedwithadultmalesoftheirspecies.?ltissuspectedthat
mostmalechicksinthewildlearnthesongsandcallsdirectlyfromtheirfatherssinceadult
white-crownedsparrowsformstrongpairbonds.?Thisresultsinthemalesspendingalotoftime
withtheirchicksaftertheyhatchsincetheadultmalesdefendthenestandhelptheadult
femalesfeedthechicks.
Adiscoveryofevengreaterinterestfromthestudieswasthatwhite-crownedsparrowsfrom
thesameregionshavedistinctivedialectsintheirvocalizations.Forexample,inastudy
performedonthreedifferentgroupsinthreeseparateregionsinCalifornia,zoologistslearned
thattherewasadifferenceinthesongsfromeachregionaswellasdistinctivepatternsinthe
songsofmostofthesparrowsineacharea.Themaintheoryonwhythisoccursisthatmale
chickslearnthesongsfromtheirfathersand,inlateryears,becomeadultsandthenreturntothe
samebreedingandnestinggrounds.Theythereforepassonthesongstheylearnedtothenext
generation,soregionaldistinctionsinvocalizationsdevelopamongthesparrowsinparticular
places.
*Glossary
plumage:theentirecollectionoffeathersonabird
trilling:havingasingingsoundthatalternatestonesrapidly
hatch:tobebornbycomingoutofanegg
第38题
Accordingtoparagraph1,zoologistsstudiedthewhite-crownedsparrowinorderto
A.understandwhythebirdlivesincertaingeographicalareas
B.learnaboutsomeofthevocalizationsthatthebirdmakes
C.determinewhyitssongsandcallssounddifferentfromthoseofotherbirds
D.findoutmoreaboutthebird'suniquematinghabits
第39题
Thewordpiercinginthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.captivating
B.bothersome
C.shrill
0.repetitive
第40题
Inparagraph2,theauthor'sdescriptionofthesongsofthewhite-crownedsparrowmentionsall
ofthefollowingEXCEPT:
A.theamountoftimethateachofitssongstypicallylasts
B.thelengthofthepausebetweeneachsongthatitmakes
C.thefirstsoundthebirdmakeswhenitstartstosing
D.thenumberofdifferentsongsthatthebirdsings
第41题
Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofthewhite-crownedsparrow'scalls?
A.Malessometimesmakethemwhentheyarefightingwithothermalesoftheirspecies.
B.Theyaremadeonlyingroupsinthesamewaythatthebirdsingsitssongs.
C.Thebirdmakesthemformanyreasons,butmatingcallsaremadethemostfrequently.
D.Atypicalwhite-crownedsparrowiscapableofmakingfewercallsthansongs.
第42题
Thewordengrainedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.fixed
B.revealed
C.improved
□.produced
第43题
Theauthordiscussessubsongsinparagraph3inorderto
A.describethemannerinwhichchickslearntosingsongsfromadultmalesparrows
B.differentiatebetweenthesongschickscansingandthesongsthatadultmalescansing
C.statethatchickswithnomaleinfluencecanonlylearnsubsongsratherthanregularones
D.pointoutthattheylackthepropervocalizationsrequiredsinceonlychickssingthem
第44题
Thewordtheminthepassagerefersto
A.thezoologists
B.weakerversions
C.thesubsongs
D.theadult'ssongs
第45题
Inparagraph3,theauthor'sdescriptionoftheexperimentscarriedoutonthewhite-crowned
sparrowmentionswhichofthefollowing?
A.Thenumberofexperimentsthatwereconductedbythezoologists
B.Theresultsofkeepingamalechickawayfromothermalesparrows
C.Theaverageamountoftimeittookmalechickstolearneachsongproperly
D.Thewaythatsomezoologistswereabletoteachadultmalesnewsongs
第46题
Thewordreinforcedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.defended
B.approved
C.armored
0.strengthened
第47题
Inparagraph4,theauthorimpliesthatthewhite-crownedsparrow
A.iscapableoflearningmultiplesongsandcallsinthefirsttwoweeksafterithatch
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