Unit3TheWorldofScienceUsingLanguage语法课件高中英语

B3U3Theworldofscienceusinglanguage（presentperfectpassive）现在完成时的被动语态Bytheendoftheclass,youwillbeableto:1.observeexamplesentences,findoutandsummarizethefeaturesandusagesofpresentperfectpassive,andusetheminrealcontexts.2.learnmoretopicvocabularythatdescribesdifferentcareersinscience,andusethevocabularytoexpresscareersinscience.LearningObjectives

现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTense)是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。

构成：主语+have/has+done（动词过去分词）StepI:Leadin什么是现在完成时？1.I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInvention

hasjustbeenpublished.2.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.3.Inaddition,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandscienceenvironmentalthankstoincreasingcomputerpower.

主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果且主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”构成：主语+have/has+been+done（动词过去分词）StepI:Leadin什么是现在完成时的被动语态现在完成进行时的被动语态结构

现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构是“主语十have/hasbeen十done”。在不同的句式中,其具体形式也有所不同。句式结构肯定句主语+have/hasbeendone(十其他)否定句主语+have/hasnotbeendone(十其他)一般疑问句Have/Has十主语+beendone(十其他)?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been

done(十其他)?Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.(P38-A1)Activity1:Lookandanswer0,000peoplereadingmyblog!bIlovetophotographtherisingsun,…a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedto

makereplacementheartsandboneparts.Q1.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Q2.Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.StepII:AnalysisandIdentificationLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Activity1:Lookandanswer0,000peoplereadingmyblog!bIlovetophotographtherisingsun,…a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomake

replacementheartsandboneparts.Q3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentencesc.Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d.Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Group1passiveformwiththesubjectsGroup2activeformwiththesubjectsQ4.WhydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassageTheauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.StepII:AnalysisandIdentification(1)WhatisrulesNo.1inthefollowingphrases①“Chinaspeed”hasbeengivennewmeaningsinthepastdecade.在过去的十年间，“中国速度”已经被赋予了新的含义。②Thenewhospitalhasbeencompletednow.新医院现已建成。RulesNo.1:表示一个被动动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,just,ever,never,recently,inthepast/lastfewdays等连用。StepII:AnalysisandIdentification(2)WhatisrulesNo.2inthefollowingsentences①Theroadhasbeenrepairedformorethanamonth.这条路修了一个多月了。②Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,youneedn’tcleanitnow.我们的教室已经打扫过了，你现在不必打扫了。RulesNo.2:表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，thesedays（现今，目前）,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。StepIII:PracticemakesperfectFillintheblankswith

thecorrectformsofthegivenwords.1.SinceAprildrinkscompanies

(force)topaybetweenl8pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthebsugarcontent(2022年全国乙卷)2.Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharity

(give)financialsupporttorollitcharityoutcountrywide.(2022年新高考全国1卷)3.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgram

(call)oneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.(2021年新高考全国1卷)havebeenforcedhasbeengivenhasbeencalledStepIV:MakeacomparisonActivity1:Whatarethedifferencebetweenpastsimplepassivevoiceandpastsimplepassivevoice语法形式意义关系一般过去时被动语态bedone表示_____意义现在完成时的被动语态have/hasbeendone表示_____意义表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响。被动动作或状态尽管发生在过去，强调说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。被动①Thebridge________________(build)

lastyear．这座桥是去年建成的。②Thebridge_______________________(build)．这座桥已经建好了。(动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，建好了。)wasbuilthasbeenbuilt(只说明动作发生在去年。)StepIV:MakeacomparisonActivity2:Fillinthefollowingblanksandthinkaboutthedifference.以下情况一般使用被动语态Presentperfectpassive1.不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Suchbookshavebeenwrittenforchildren.

已经为儿童编写这类图书了。2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

Alltheseproductshavebeentested.这些产品都经过测试了。3.动作的执行者很模糊。Theletterhasbeenopened.

这封信被人拆开了。4.有时为了礼貌的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。Theyhavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.已经有人多次跟他们说别那么大声了。PresentperfectpassiveActivity2:ReadandRewriteRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.(P38-A2)Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachieved

todateisinmedicine.Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,

havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Activity3:ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassive

whereappropriate.(P39-A3)

1.Thelockonthedoor______________________.

2.Thewindow_____________________.

3.Mytwolaptops_________________.

4.Beakersandtesttubes______________________.

5.Thebookcase__________________,andsome

files___________________________.

whileothers___________________________everywhere.6.Therobot______________________.

havebeenstolen

havebeendestroyed

hasbeenopenedhasbeendamaged

havebeentakenawayhavebeenthrownhasbeenbroken

hasbeenbroken

Activity4.careersinscience(P39-A4)

Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers2.WhatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefieldsActivity5.careersinscience(P40-A4)

CompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsinActivity4.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.1.Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.2.Themachinehasalready_________________(repair).3.Hiscup_____________(break)lastnight.4.Newinventionslike3D_______________(use)tomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.

5.Ourclassroom__________________(clean),youneedn’tcleanitnow.hasbeenmade

beenrepairedhasbeenusedhasbeencleanedwasbrokenActivity6.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。HaveyoueverheardofUluruActually,it1.(call)AyersRockbysomepeople,too.LocatedinAustralia,Uluruisalargesandstonerockformation,Uluruusedtobeopentothepublic.However，it2.(close)since26October2019.In1994，Uluru3.(list)UNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Besides,Uluru4.(consider)amajorattractionfordecadesandtouristsfromallovertheworld5.(attrac