新概念第三册9-12

2009-02-11|徐老师送给2010考研同学的礼物3：新概念第三册课文精读详解50

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Lesson9Flyingcats飞猫

一、［Text］课文

Catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings.Theycanbefriendlyandaffectionate

towardshumans,buttheyleadmysteriouslivesoftheirownaswell.theynever

becomesubmissivelikedogsandhorses.Asaresult,humanshavelearnedto

respectfelineindependence.Mostcatsremainsuspiciousofhumansalltheirlives.

Oneofthethingsthatfascinaesusmostaboutcatsisthepopularbeliefthatthey

haveninelives.Apparently,thereisagooddealoftruthinthisidea.Acat'sability

tosurvivefallsisbasedonfact.

RecentlytheNewYorkAnimalmedicalCentremadeastudyof132cotsovera

periodoffivemonths.Allthesecatshadoneexperienceincommon:theyhadfallen

offhighbuildings,yetonlyeightofthemdiedfromshockorinjuries.Ofcourse,New

Yorkistheidealplaceforsuchaninterestingstudy,becausethereisnoshortageof

tallbuildings.Thereareplentyofhigh-risewindowsillstofall,from!One

cat,Sabrina,fell32storeys,yetonlysufferedfromabrokentooth.lCatsbehavelike

well-trainedparatroopers,fadoctorsaid.Itseemsthatthefurthercatsfall,theless

theyarelikelytoinjurethemselves.Inalongdrop,theyreachspeedsof60milesan

hourandmore.Athighspeeds,fallingcatshavetimetorelax.Theystretchouttheir

legslikeflyingsquirrels.Thisincreasestheirair-resistanceandreducestheshockof

impactwhentheyhidtheground.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生词和短语

♦fascinatev.迷住，吸引住

♦affectionateadj.充满情深的，柔情的

♦mysteriousadj.神秘的，难以理解的

♦submissiveadj.服从的，顺从的

♦felineadj.猫的

♦independencen.独立，独立性

♦high-riseadj.高层的

♦windowsilln.窗槛

♦paratroopern.伞兵

♦squirreln.松鼠

♦air-resistancen.空气阻力

♦impactn.冲击力

★fascinatev.迷住，吸引住

vt.主系表结构:befascinatedwith被..迷住了,被…吸引住了

Heisfascinatedwithchess.

AreyoufascinatedwithEnglish.

like,love,befondof

Theboyisfondoffootball.

becrazyabout:着迷

bemadabout

Heiscrazy/madaboutmusic.

Heisfascinatedwithmusic.

fascinationn.

fascinatingadj.

Sweetmusicisfascinating.

★affectionateadj.充满情深的，柔情的

Catsareaffectionateanimals.

affectionatelyadv.

Theladyislookingthatmanaffectionately.

affectionn.

★mysteriousadj.神秘的，难以理解的

amysteriousplan

amysteriousexplanation

mysteryn.迷团,神秘感

Hisdeathisamystery.

★submissiveadj.服从的，顺从的

obedient

Areyouobedient?

Dogsandhorsesaresubmissive,butCatsareneversubmissivetous.

besubmissivetosb.

submitv.

Submitoneselftosb./sth.屈服于，顺从于

submissionn.

★felineadj.猫的

★independencen.独立，独立性

independentadj.

Youhavealreadygrownup,youmustbeindependent.

depend依靠

Youmustdependonyourself.

depend,dependence

independence,independent

★high-riseadj.高层的

★windowsilln.窗槛

★paratroopern.伞兵

★squirreln.松鼠

★air-resistancen.空气阻力

★impactn.冲击力

三、【课文精析】

nverfailtodo双重否定==肯定

Ifyouaksforhelpinthepoliteway,youneverfailtosucceed.

Ifyoureceiverequestslikethis,you'llneverfailtoaccept.

常用的双重否定结构（加强语气）

1.neverfailto,can'tfailto,don'tfailto,否定词+failto（语气较强烈）

2.否定的形容词之前加以否定unreasonable->notunreasonable

Eg:Whathesaidisnotunreasonable.

Itisquitecommon(notuncommon)forustomakemistakes.

3.not+without

Eg:Youcan*tobtainenglishwithoutworkinghard.

Hedoesn'thaveanymealwithoutmeat.

4.no+not

Eg:Thereisnocatthatdoesn'tlikefish.

Thereisnothingthathecan'tdo.

Thereisnorulethathasnoexception.

aswell

asaresult

havelearnedto:学会了，习惯了

Peoplehavelearnedtoexpectthattrainsarepunctual.

Childrenhavelearnedtoexpectthattheirparentsareveryable.

besuspiciousofsb.对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心

Oneofthethingsthatfascinaesus：that引导定语从句

that引导同位语从句

Oneofthethingsthatfascinaesusmostaboutplanesisthepopularfactthatthey

aresafeandfast.

truth,不可数名词,agooddealof

apparently显然，显而易见

Itseemsthat...

Keysentence:

Acat*sabilitytosurvivefallsisbasedonfact.

survivev.fallv.&n.

bebasedon:基于事实基础之上

basesth.on:把某事加强在什么基础之上

Webasethetheoryonthefact

Thetheoryisbasedonfact.

makeastudyofsth:对什么作出研究

incommon=thesame

falloff坠落，掉落

diefrom:死于

死于疾病：dieofillness/disease/hunger/thirst,自然的死亡用of

死于非自然原因：diefromshock/injures/wound,用from

thereisnoshortage

shortage:缺乏=lack,与of搭配,shortage/fackof

shortageofmoneyledtothefailureoftheexperiments.

sufferfrom:遭受什么痛苦

Alotofpeopleintheworldaresufferingfromterribledisease.

behavelike=actlike

well-trained:训练很好的,well-decorated:装饰漂亮的

thefurthercatsfall,theless

典型的themore…themore…句型,用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级

TheharderyoustudyEnglish,thebetteryouanlearnit.

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.

belikelytod。:有可能如何，强调可能性

Incoldwinter,Wearelikelytocatchacold.

andmore甚至更多

stretchout充分伸展

Lesson10ThelossoftheTitanic

“泰坦尼克”号的沉没

一、［Text］课文

Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedforNewYorkfromSouthamptononApril10th,1912.

Shewascarrying1316passengersandacrewof891.Evenbymodernstandards,

the46,000tonTitanicwasacolossalship.Atthattime,however,shewasnotonly

thelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt,butwasregardedasunsinkable,forshe

hadsixteenwatertightcompartments.Eveniftwoofthesewereflooded,shewould

stillbeabletofloat.Thetragicsinkingofthisgreatlinerwillalwaysberemembered,

forshewentdownonherfirstvoyagewithheavylossoflife.

Fourdaysaftersettingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersofthe

NorthAtlantic,ahugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalook-out.Afterthealarm

hadbeengiven,thegreatshipturnedsharplytoavoidadirectcollision.TheTitanic

turnedjustintime,narrowlymissingtheimmensewalloficewhichroseover100

feetoutofthewaterbesideher.Suddenly,therewasaslighttremblingsoundfrom

below,andthecaptainwentdowntoseewhathadhappened.Thenoisehadbeen

sofaintthatnoonethoughtthattheshiphadbeendamaged.Below,thecaptain

realizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofhersixteen

watertightcompartmentshadalreadybeenflooded!Theordertoabandonshipwas

givenandhundredsofpeopleplungedintotheicywater.Astherewerenotenough

life-boatsforeverybody,1500liveswerelost.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions）生词和短语

♦Southamptonn.南安普敦（英国港市）

♦colossaladj.庞大的

♦watertightadj.不漏水的

♦compartmentn.（轮船的）密封舱

♦floodv.充满水

♦floatv,漂浮，飘浮

♦tragicadj.悲惨的

♦linern.班船

♦voyagen.航行

♦icebergn.冰山

♦lookoutn.瞭望员

♦collisionn.碰撞

♦narrowlyadv.刚刚，勉强地

♦missv.避开

♦slightadj.轻微的

♦trembleV.震颤

♦faintadj.微弱的

♦horrorn.恐惧

♦abandonv.抛弃

♦plungev.投入，跳入

♦lifeboatn.救生船

★Southamptonn.南安普敦（英国港市）

★colossaladj.庞大的

big,large,huge,great,vast,immense,enormous,giant,gigantic,tremendous,

titanic

colossal:largeinsize

AshipTitanicwascolossal.

acolossalmonument;acolossalstatue

big:大的，重要的

Yougivemeabigsurprise.

Heisabigperson.

Theboxisbig.

large:体积大，数量大

anemptylargebox

alargenumberofpeople

great:伟大

vast:辽阔，广阔vastdesert

immense:immeasurable不可测量的

animmensestadium,immenseiceberg

enormous重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big

Eg:Hemadeabigsuccess./Hemadeanenoumoussuccess.

giant:巨大的，高大的

agiantperson巨人；gigantic

tremendous:big,fast,powerful

Theplaneistravelingattremendousspeed.

titanic用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大

Theshipistitanic.

huge:强调体枳大ahugestone数量巨大ahugesumofmoney

★watertightadj.不漏水的

awatertightship

watertight引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的

watertightarguments无懈可击的论点

watertightexcuse毫无破绽的借口

waterproof防水的;waterproofwatch防水手表

waterproofcoat防水雨衣

★compartmentn.（轮船的）密封舱

★floodv.充满水

vt.&n.

vt.befilledwithwater;theshipisflooded.

Theroomwasfloodedwithmoonlight.

Ourclassroomwasfloodedwithsunshine.

n.洪水，inflood河水泛滥；引申表示连续不断的

Duringtherains,theriverisinflood.

inafloodofwords滔滔不绝的

Sheblamedherhusbandinafloodofwordsonseeinghim.

★floatv.漂浮，飘浮

drift

★tragicadj.悲惨的

unfoutunate;atragicaccident

miserable苦难的bitter痛苦的

tragedyn.悲剧,惨剧intragedy以悲剧形式

Theholidayendedintragedy.

comedy喜剧comic喜剧的，滑稽的comical古怪的，可笑的

★linern.班船

★voyagen.航行

voyage海上航行

flight"行

journey长途行程

navigation航海，航海术

Thevoyageismorethantheoldladycanbear.

★icebergn.冰山

★lookoutn.瞭望员

★collisionn.碰撞

collidevi碰撞，抚触

Theplanecollidedwiththemountain

crashv.坠毁

Itissaidthatthereisanairplanethatcrashedinthemountains.

conflictvi.和某事（某人）相抵触

Myideaconflictswithyours.

clashvi.相冲突

Eg:Hisweddingclashedwithmyexamination,soIcouldn'tgo.

★narrowlyadv.刚刚，勉强地

★missv.避开

★slightadj.轻微的

★tremblev.震颤

tremblev.有规律的、小幅度的抖动

Look,yourhandsaretrembling,whafswrongwithyou?

shiverv.强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动

Ifoundhe'sshiveringinacold.

shuddervi.强调全身的颤栗

Theboyisshuddering,why?Becausehewasfrightened.

★faintadj.微弱的

faint:weak

faintsound/weaksound;weakvoice/faintvoice

faint:unconscious失去知觉

Hehasbeenfaintforalongtime.

slight轻微的，微不足道的

aslightheadache;aslightbook

★horrorn.恐惧

★abandonv.抛弃

abandon因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物

Heabandonedhisresearchbecauseofthewar.

desert背弃，遗弃

desertthearmy;deserttheduty;deserthisfamily

★plungev.投入，跳入

plunge:jumporrushsuddenlyandwildly

Hegotsoangrythatheplungeintothewater.

WhentheshipTitanicsankintheocean,alargenumberofpeopleplungedinto...

jump:侧重强调快速地跳

Theboyisjumpingupanddown.

leap:跳跃Heleaptoutofthesleepingbad.

dive跳水、潜水

★lifeboatn.救生船

三、【课文精析】

Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedfor...背景介绍

sailfor航海去往某处

setout(off)for出发去往某处

leavefor,headfor,makefor

Eg:HewillsetoutfortheAtlantic.

Theplaneismakingfortheairport.

WeareheadingforCanada.

Evenby...by:accordingto表示依据

modernstandards现代的标准

byregulation依据规则;byruies依据条例

byourestimate根据我们的估计

byone'slooks/byone'sappearance根据某人的长相

accordingto依据(事实、课文等客观存在的现实)

accordingtothefact依据事实

accordingtothetext依据这篇课文

accordingto/inaccordancewith

inaccordancewith更力「正式

inaccordancewithlaw依据法律

inaccordancewithrules

atthattime在当时

notonly...but(also)...不仅...而"工

beregardedas:beconsideredtobe,bethoughtofas把••看作为

口语中：regardsb./sth.as+(n./pron./adj./doing/done)

Eg:Iregardedhisideaastotallyunacceptable.

Wecan'tregardthematterassettled.

for表示原因

beableto强调有能力

beremembered被永远记住

godown:sink

onherfirstvoyage处女航，首4亢

withheavylossoflife损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡

fourdaysaftersettingout...:fourdaysaftersettingoff...

..spotted...:suddenlydiscoveredbyalookout

icywaters水域，海域

toavoid…不定式表目的

justintime很及时

missing现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明

narrowly勉强地

which指代theimmensewallofice

frombelow从下方fromabove从上方

...sofaintthatnoonethoughtthat...

so...that...

toone'shorror使某人感到惊讶

Keysentence:

fiveofhersixteenwatertightcompartmentshadbeenfilledwithwater.

Theorderwasgiven命令被下达

toabandonship弃船，不定式做定语

As(because)therewerenotenoughlifeboats...1,500livesdied.

theorderwasgiven.命令被下达

toabandonship弃船不定式做做定语

ability能力

theabilitytodosth.

ordersb.todosth.

becapableofdoingsth.强调有做某事的能力

capabilityofdoingsth.做某事的能力

Lesson11Notguilty无罪

一、【Text】课文

CustomsOfficersarequitetolerantthesedays,buttheycanstillstopyouwhenyou

aregoingthroughtheGreenChannelandhavenothingtodeclae.Evenreally

honestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,

ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,evenifhehasfivehundred

goldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.WhenIreturnedfromabroadrecently,a

particularlyofficiousyoungCustomsOfficerclearlyregardedmeasasmuggler.

'Haveyouanythingtodeclare?'heasked,lookingmeintheeye.

'No,'Iansweredconfidently.

'Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?'

'Notatall,'Ianswered.

TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.AllthethingsIhadpackedso

carefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethe

caseagain.Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer'sfacelightup.Hehadspottedatinybottle

atthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.

'Perfume,eh?'heaskedsarcastically.'Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.'Perfumeis

notexemptfromimportduty.'

'Butitisn'tperfume,'Isaid.1It'shair-oil.1ThenIaddedwithasmile,1It'sastrange

mixtureImakemyself."

AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.

'Tryit!'Isaidencouragingly.

TheOfficerunscrewedthecapandputthebottletohisnostrils.Hewasgreetedby

anunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.Afewminutes

later,Iwasabletohurryawaywithpreciouschalk-marksonmybaggage.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions）生词和短语

♦guiltyadj.犯罪的,违法的

♦tolerantadj.宽容的

♦declarev.申报

♦hardenedadj.有经验的

♦professionaladj.职业的，专业的

♦smugglern.走私者

♦officiousadj.爱管闲事的

♦confidentlyadj.自信地

♦dreadfuladj.可怕的，一团糟的

♦pouncev.猛抓，扑住

♦perfumen.香水

♦sarcasticallyadv.讽刺地

♦exemptadj,被免除的

♦dutyn.税

♦geln.凝胶

♦mixturen.混合物

♦unscrewv.拧开

♦nostriln.鼻孔

♦chalkn.粉笔

♦baggagen.行李

★guiltyadj.犯罪的，违法的

Hefeltguiltywhenhedidwhatheshouldn,thavedone.

Hesaidthatwithaguiltysmile.

guiltn.

guiltilya.

反义词：innocent,innocencen.

★tolerantadj.宽容的

atolerantpersonmustbeeasygoing.

tolerantlyad.

tolerancen.

toleratevt.

tolerableadj,可以忍受的，说得过去的

★declarev.申报

★hardenedadj.有经验的

（侧重于老练的）

ahardenedplayer

ahardenedthief

experienced（侧重于有经验的）

anexperiencedteacher

★professionaladj.职业的，专业的

aprofessionalplayer选手

★smugglern.走私者

★officiousadj.爱管闲事的

alotofoldladiesareofficious.

officiouslyadv.

officiousnessn.

officiouscivilservant好管闲事的公务员

anofficiouspoliceofficer

official官方的，官员的，正式的

Anofficialinquirywillbemadeintothismatter.对此事将进行一次官方调查

★confidentlyadj.自信地

Hewenttodotheworkconfidently.

=withconfidence充满信心的

confidentadj.

confidencen.

haveconfidence有信心

gainconfidence获得信心

inconfidence悄悄的，秘密的=secretly

takesb.intoone'sconfidence以某人为心腹

Eg:Thebosstakehissecretaryintohisconfidence.

★dreadfuladj.可怕的，一团糟的

=frightful（表示胆怯的，恐惧的）

dreadful（侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的）

★pouncev.猛抓，扑住

★perfumen.香水

fragrance:（抽象名词）芬芳,芳香

★sarcasticallyadv.讽刺地

★exemptadj.被免除的

★dutyn.税

CustomsDuty:关税

Stampduty印花税

dutyfree免税的

同义词taxincometax所得税

★geln.凝胶

★mixturen.混合物

mixv.mixsth.with

★unscrewv.拧开

★nostriln.鼻孔

★chalkn.粉笔

★baggagen.行李

同义词luggage

三、【课文精析】

quitetolerant

我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调。

表示“真正的"really

areallyofficiousperson

强调“特别，尤其是"particularly

强调“绝对的"absolutely

强调“完全的,彻底的"completely,entirely,fully,thoroughly

fairly•—一强调“一般般”

very-一—语气程度强烈“非常”

rather----语意程度接近fairly,注意修饰形容词和副词，特别是形容词同时修饰名词时，不定

冠词的位置。

Afairlygoodbook.

Arathergoodbook/Ratheragoodbook

rathertoo

quite-------right/wrong/mistaken/sure绝对不能用very替代。

Evenreallyhonestpeople...

aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsOfficer...

theGreenChannel=theCustomOffice

aremadetofeelguilty

madk,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的

t。符号应该省略。但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原。

Weheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.

Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.

(Ontheonehand..,)ontheotherhand

Ontheonehandwecouldstayandhelpyou,butontheotherhanditmightbe

betterifyouwenttohelphiminstead.

hiddeninhissuitcase

过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches.

evenif/thoughhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.

lookingmeintheeye:两眼直盯盯的注视着我

looksb.intheface,staresb.intheeye=lookdirectlyatsb.

Notoneofthemendaredlookhimintheeye.

TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.=TheOfficerexaminedthecase

carefully.

withgreatcare——强调相当的仔细

inamess:乱作一团

介词in和名词搭配，表示一种状态

秩序井然：ingoodorder

身体健康：ingoodhealth

心情好：inagoodmood

脾气好：inagoodtemper

lightup:喜气洋洋，容光焕发

Eg:Masha'sfacelitupwhenshesawheroldfriend.

Hisfacelightedupatthesmalltriumph.

Tomreallylightedupwhenhesawthenewbiccycle.

light有两种过去分词,过去式形式：lit,lighted

但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被点燃的。要用lighted

一只被点燃的雪茄：alightedcigar

点燃的火炬:alightedstick.

介词短语一一withdelight“欣喜若狂的”

with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情

自信地：withconfidence

细心地：withcare

骄傲的：withpride

欣喜若狂的：withdelight

惊讶的：withsurprise

pounceon:向..猛扑过去，对…大做文章

Eg:Thepolicemanpouncedonthethief.

Don'tpounceonmymistake.

shouldhave和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道。

Youshouldhavearrivedherefiveminutesearlier.

Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutit.

本不应该做某事：shouldn*thavedone

exempt:免除的，被免除的be~from

Drinksarenotexemptfromimportduty.

as-—一关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义。

Asweknow,theearthisround.（众所周知）

AsBrianpointedout,…（正如..所指出的）

正如我很快得知的：assb.mentioned

关系代词as和which的区别:

as所引导的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前

which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后。

副词形式：encouragingly

Hewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmell...

greet:问候，向.・致意；觉察到，呈现在.・眼前，在..耳边

Iwokeupandwasgreetedbyabird'ssong.

Insidetheroomadreadfulmessgreetedus.

Whenhewentintothekitchen,asmellgreetedhim.

Lesson12Lifeonadesertisland

荒岛生活

一、［Text］课文

Mostofushaveformedanunrealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.We

sometimesimagineadesertislandtobeasortofparadisewherethesunalways

shines.Lifethereissimpleandgood.Ripefruitfallsfromthetreesandyounever

havetowork.Theothersideofthepictureisquitetheopposite.Lifeonadesert

islandiswretched.YoueitherstarvetodeathorlivelikeRobinsonCrusoe,waiting

foraboatwhichnevercomes.Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththese

pictures,butfewofushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.

Twomenwhorecentlyspentfivedaysonacoralislandwishedtheyhadstayed

therelonger.TheyweretakingabadlydamagedboatfromtheVirginIslandsto

Miamitohaveitrepaired.Duringthejourney,theirboatbegantosink.Theyquickly

loadedasmallrubberdinghywithfood,matches,andtinsofbeerandrowedfora

fewmilesacrosstheCaribbeanuntiltheyarrivedatatinycoralisland.Therewere

hardlyanytreesontheislandandtherewasnowater,butthisdidnotprovetobe

aproblem.Themencollectedrain-waterintherubberdinghy.Astheyhadbrought

aspeargunwiththem,theyhadplentytoeat.Theycaughtlobsterandfishevery

day,and,asoneofthemputit'atelikekings'.Whenapassingtankerrescuedthem

fivedayslater,bothmenweregenuinelysorrythattheyhadtoleave.

二、［Newwordsandexpressions］生词和短语

♦desertisland荒岛

♦unrealisticadj.不真实的

♦Paradisen.天堂，乐土

♦wretchedadj.可怜的，艰苦的

♦Starvev.挨饿

♦elementn.成分

♦opportunityn.机会

♦coraln.珊瑚

♦VirginIslands维尔京群岛

♦Miamin.迈阿密（美国最南的城市）

♦dinghyn.救生筏，小船

♦Caribbeann.加勒比海

♦speargun捕鱼枪

♦lobstern.龙虾

♦tankern.油轮

♦genuinelyadv.由衷地

♦RobinsonCrusoe鲁滨逊•克鲁索（小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）

★desertisland荒岛

desert:沙漠

v.背弃，遗弃

dessert:甜点

★unrealisticadj.不真实的

★paradisen.天堂，乐土

alotofpeopleimaginetheUSAastheirparadise.

heaven:天堂，天国，也指死亡

★wretchedadj.可怜的，艰苦的

miserable

leadawretched/miserable/terriblelife

★starvev.挨饿

starvetodeath

★elementn.成分

★opportunity