职称英语综合类b级模拟10

职称英语综合类B级模拟10

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线。请从每个句子后面

所给的4个选项中，选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

Wecannotalwayscountonthewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthat

theycanalsobedrivenbywater.

A.hangonB.dependon

C.holdonD.comeon

2、Ifweterminateourrelationswiththatcountry,we'llhavetofindanother

supplierofrawmaterials.

A.diffuseB.diminish

C.endD.preclude

3、Thestorehadtofireanumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.

A.layoutB.layoff

C.layasideD.laydown

4、OurteachernotifiedusthattherewouldbetestonMonday.

A.advisedB.assured

C.informedD.disclosed

5、Let1sarrangetheprovisionalmeetingfornextWednesday,eventhoughwemay

havetochangeit.

A.tentativeB.practical

C.localD.commercial

6、Onceuponatimetheyusedtominecoalsinthesevalleys.

A.AtatimeB.Atonetime

C.AttimesD.Atthetime

7、TheprimaryreasonwhytheConstitutionrequiresacensuseverytenyears

istoprovideabasisfortheapportionment（分酉己，分摊）ofrepresentativeamong

thestates.

A.offendB.present

C,consumeD.supply

8、Awell-writtencompositionneedgoodchoiceofwordsandclearorganization

amongotherthings.

A.callsonB.callsfor

C.callsupD.callsoff

9、Jimreckonedthatwewereonlyafewmilesfromourdestinationwhenour

carbrokedown.

A.estimatedB.figured

C.realizedD.assessed

10、Thetreefellontheroofofacarandcrushedit.

A.explodedB.smashed

C.fetchedD.touched

11>Wecandividereadingskillsintotwo：theeyestrackacrossthepage,

andthemindtakesinwhattheeyessee.

A.holdsB.receives

C.followsD.absorbs

12、Althoughhewasundernoobligationtheshopkeeperreplacedthedefective

batteryfreeofcharge.

A.guaranteeB.duty

C.powerD.authority

13>Thedirectorwascriticalofthewayweweredoingthework.

A.satisfiedatB.particularabout

C.puzzledwithD.surprisedat

14>Themothercounselledherdaughteronhowtobehaveattheball.

A.conferredB.advised

C.reprovedD.congratulated

15>Hepausedforamomentzthencontinuedspeaking.

A.satB.stood

C.shookD.stopped

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

Hierarchy

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditionszcustoms,beliefs,andways

oflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissenseeverygrouphasa

culturehoweversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityof

onecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisno

intrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavagez

undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgrunts（呼噜声）andgroans

（呻吟）.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesof

gruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languages

thatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesof

uncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandardszextremelycomplex,

delicatezandingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.They

fallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammatical

structureszwhichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneedszbutonly

intheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheir

speakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted：16

Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,either

byputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromother

languagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.17Theobjectsandactivities

requiringnamesanddistinctionsin"backward*1languages；whiledifferent

formours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguage

distinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness（"this"and"that'*）；

somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatiscloseto

thespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsightz

orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimofthe

anthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependentlyzandwithout

ideasofrankorhierarchy.

16>Thereisnohierarichyamongcultures.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>PeoplethinkthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsarelackingComplexity.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Professionallinguiststhinkthattheideaofhierarchyworkswhenlanguages

areinissue.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Themachineryforvocabularyexpansionmentionedinthispassageincludes

puttingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistence.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Coiningleadstothevocabularyexpansion.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Languages,whethercivilizedornotzhavethepotentialforvocabulary-

expansion.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Sometraditionsaresuperiorityofothers.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正

确选项，分别完成每个句子。

1.Let'snowbrieflyconsideragenerallyhonoredbutsometimesmalignedtypeof

scientist,thetheorist.Theoristsareconsideredseparately,sincetheyaretherarest,

mostfascinating,andmostimportantofthespeciesscientificus.Theirmotivational

systemmostoftenisthatofthePlayer,althoughoccasionallyitisthatoftheOperator.

2.Althoughtheoristsareoftenviewedascold,rational,deliberatemachines,they

aregenerallyalmosttheoppositeofthispopularpicture.Theyareusuallyindividuals

ofstrongfeelingswhohavetheegoofactorsandanirrational,almostmystic

attachmenttoparticularviewsoftheirdiscipline.Theappearanceofcooldeliberation

istheirpublicface,whichoftenrepresentsonlytheirdisdainforcontactwiththe

spectators.

3.Thereareimportantoccupationaldifferencesbetweentheoristsandother

scientists.Theoristssettheframeworkwithinwhichothersdotheirresearch.Those

otherthanthetheoristsdotheimportantworkoffillingindetailsofexistingtheories.

Nontheoristsfulfilarelativelysafeandusefulfunction.Theirworkcontributesto

sciencebutdoesnotthreatentheindividualscientistunlessheorshehappensto

accumulateevidencecontrarytothestatusquo.

4.Whatisthegeneralpersonalitymakeupoftheorists?Aretheynormal,neurotic,

orevenpsychotic?Theyrarelyfitthepatternofmiddle-classnormality,andyetthey

areintenselyintouchwiththeirownreality.Perhapstheydon'tfitanyoftheusual

categories.GeorgeBernardShawoncesaid"Thereasonablemanadaptshimselftothe

world;theunreasonableonepersistsintryingtoadapttheworldtohimself.Therefore,

allprogressdependsontheunreasonableman."Perhapshismessagewastotolerate

thedissenters,thefaddists,thekooks,andingeneralthosewhodisagreewithwhatwe

knowisright—solongastheydon'tbecometooviolent.Toleratethem,notoutofany

senseofhumanitybutforcrassself-interest.Afewofthemareinnovators,andsociety

needstheminfinitelymorethantheyneedsociety.

5.Inreviewingallthegroupsofscientistsandscience-trainedindividualswehave

encountered,wefindarangeofindividualsspreadoverthewholespectrumofhuman

behaviorbutwithsomeimportantcommoncharacteristics.Scientistsareneithersuper

mennornaivechildren.Theyarenotfoggilyabsent-mindedorunrealistic;rather,

manyofthethingstheyconsiderimportantandrealareoftenquitedifferentfrom

thoseofthe"everyday"world.

Let1snowbrieflyconsideragenerallyhonoredbutsometimesmalignedtype

ofscientistzthetheorist.Theoristsareconsideredseparately,sincethey

aretherarest,mostfascinating,andmostimportantofthespeciesscientificus

TheirmotivationalsystemmostoftenisthatofthePlayer,although

occasionallyitisthatoftheOperator.

2.Althoughtheoristsareoftenviewedascold,rationalzdeliberate

machines,theyaregenerallyalmosttheoppositeofthispopularpicture.

Theyareusuallyindividualsofstrongfeelingswhohavetheegoofactors

andanirrationalzalmostmysticattachmenttoparticularviewsoftheir

discipline.Theappearanceofcooldeliberationistheirpublicface,which

oftenrepresentsonlytheirdisdainforcontactwiththespectators.

3.Thereareimportantoccupationaldifferencesbetweentheoristsandother

scientists.Theoristssettheframeworkwithinwhichothersdotheirresearch.

Thoseotherthanthetheoristsdotheimportantworkoffillingindetails

ofexistingtheories.Nontheoristsfulfilarelativelysafeandusefulfunction.

Theirworkcontributestosciencebutdoesnotthreatentheindividualscientist

unlessheorshehappenstoaccumulateevidencecontrarytothestatusquo.

4.Whatisthegeneralpersonalitymakeupoftheorists?Aretheynormalz

neurotic,orevenpsychotic?Theyrarelyfitthepatternofmiddle-class

normality,andyettheyareintenselyintouchwiththeirownreality.Perhaps

theydon11fitanyoftheusualcategories.GeorgeBernardShawoncesaid

"Thereasonablemanadaptshimselftotheworld；theunreasonableonepersists

intryingtoadapttheworldtohimself.Therefore,allprogressdependson

theunreasonableman."Perhapshismessagewastotoleratethedissenters,

thefaddists,thekooks,andingeneralthosewhodisagreewithwhatweknow

isright—solongastheydon11becometooviolent.Toleratethem,notout

ofanysenseofhumanitybutforcrassself-interest.Afewofthemareinnovatorsz

andsocietyneedstheminfinitelymorethantheyneedsociety.

5.Inreviewingallthegroupsofscientistsandscience-trained

individualswehaveencountered,wefindarangeofindividualsspreadover

thewholespectrumofhumanbehaviorbutwithsomeimportantcommon

characteristics.Scientistsareneithersupermennornaivechildren.They

arenotfoggilyabsent-mindedorunrealistic；rather,manyofthethingsthey

considerimportantandrealareoftenquitedifferentfromthoseofthe

"everyday"world.

A.Differencesbetweentheoristsandotherscientists

B.Theyneedsociety

C.Theorists*characters

D.Theimportanceofunreasonablepersons

E.Theirownreality

F.Scientists—supermenornot

23>Paragraph2.

24、Paragraph3.

25、Paragraph4.

26>Paragraph5.

27、A.theprogressofhumansociety

B.solongastheycan

C.isbothcoldandrational

D.morethantheyneedsociety

E.withinframeworksetbytheorists

F.allayingthegameofscience

Atheoristpursuessciencemainlyfor.

28、Itisgenerallythoughtthatatheoristinscienceisanindividualwho

29、Non-theoristsinsciencedotheirresearch.

30>Theoristscontributeto.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文，并

根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

Women'sfashion

Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselves

toblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothes

thatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesigners

andthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshaveto

beputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofitz

onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullof

clothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.

Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.

Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathave

hardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,

wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthened

orshortened,neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.

Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreally

importanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthings

likewarmth,comportanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutward

appearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwith

anyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybe

amanwhohasn11atsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshaking

inathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeep

snowinhigh-heeledshoes.

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusions

tobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen*sclothes,

onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menare

tooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchanging

stylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?That

isforyoutodecide.

31、Whatcanweinferfromthesentence"Becausetheytrembleatthethought

ofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealways

takenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.H?

A.Womenaretoochangeableandinstable.

B.Womenarenaiveastobecheatedbyothers.

C.Womenareinclinedtofollowthelatestfashion.

D.Womenarecoldbecausetheywearthindressesinwinter.

32、fashiondesignersarerarelyinterestedinallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.comfortB.practicality

C.appearanceD.warmth

33、Whatdoes"they"inPara.3,Line5referto?

A.Fashiondesigners.B.Women.

C.Clothes.D.Fashions.

34、Accordingtotheauthor,theconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen1sclothes

reflectthatwomenlack_______.

A.unreliabilityB.stability

C.honestyD.trust

35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Womenspendhoursalteringtheirdressesinordertosavemoney.

B.Womencanonlyhavethemselvestoblameforbeingcheatedby-fashion

designers.

C.Comparedwithwomen,menaretooclevertobecheatedbyfashion

designers.

D.Womencanbearanydiscomforttobeinfashionandbeautiful.

弟一^扁

Religiousbeliefandhealth

Religiousbeliefsarenotalwaysasourceofcomfortduringiiihealth：

theymayactuallyincreaseyourriskofdying.

Astudyofnearly600olderhospitalpatients,95percentofwhomwere

Christian,showednegativefeelingsevokedbyreligiousbeliefssometimes

predictedmortality.

Keyfactorsthatincreasedtheriskofdeathwerefeelingsofbeing"abandoned

orpunished'1byGod,"believingthedevilcausedtheillness",orHfeeling

abandonedbyone1sfaithcommunity",thestudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity

MedicalCentreandBowlingGreenStateUniversityshowed.

"Thestudyremindsusthatreligion...can,attimes,beasourceofproblems

initselfz"saysleadauthorKennethPargament.

Severalstudieshavedemonstratedareducedriskofdeathamongthosewho

attendchurchregularly,butthenewresearch,publishedintoday*sArchives

ofInternalMedicine,isthefirsttoexaminenegativeaspectsofreligiousness.

PatientswhoreportedfeelingalienatedfromGodorwhoblamedthedevil

hada19to28percentincreasedriskofdyingduringthefollowingtwoyearsz

saytheresearchers,whofoundnoassociationbetweengender,race,diagnosis,

brainfunction,independence,depression,orqualityoflifewithmortality.

DukeUniversity*sDrHaroldKoenigsaidangerandfrustrationwerenormal

griefresponseswhenpeoplediscoveredhealthproblems.Thosewhowerereligious

andwereabletoreconnectwithGodandtheirspiritualfeelingcoulduse

thoseresourcesforsupport.Butthosewhocontinuedtoexperienceconflict

couldbemakingtheirhealthworse.

"Thosepeopleareintroubleanddoctorsneedtoknowaboutit,”hesaid.

"Doctorsneedtobeassessingtheirpatientsforthesekindsoffeelings."

Referraltoclergymaythenbehelpful.

Hesaidmorethantwo-thirdsofmedicalschoolsintheUnitedStateshad

coursesthattrainedstudentsonhowtotakeapatient1sspiritualhistory,

atrendthatrecognizedthegrowingbodyofevidenceaboutthemind-body

connection.

36、Whichofthefollowingideasaboutreligiousbeliefisexpressedbythe

speaker?

A.95percentofolderhospitalpatientswereChristian.

B.Religiousbeliefspredictmortalityandincreasetheriskofdeath.

C.Religiousbeliefsarenotalwaysasourceofcomfort.

D.Somepeopledieofreligiousbeliefs.

37、Whichofthefollowingfactorsforincreasingtheriskofdeathisnot

mentionedinthepassage?

A.ThepatientfeelspunishedbyGod.

B.Thepatientblamesthedevilforthisillness.

C.Thepatientfeelsisolatedfromhisfaithcommunity,

D.Thepatientknowsthetruthofhisillness.

38、Whichofthefollowingpeoplewithreligiousbeliefswillmostprobably

recoverfromhealthproblem?

A.Thosewhogiveuptheirreligiousbeliefs.

B.Thosewhoblamethedevilbravely,

C.ThosewhocouldcommunicatewithGod.

D.Thosewhogotochurchregularly.

39、Whatistheauthor1sattitudetowardthenewresearch?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Neutral.D.Indifferent.

40、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewresearchisNOTture?

A.Itisthefirsttoexaminenegativeaspectsofreligiousness.

B.Itshowsthatreligionissometimesasourceofproblems.

C.Itsuggeststhatdoctorsshouldtakethepatients1spiritualhistory

intoaccount.

D.Itprovesthatreligiousbeliefisthegreatestfactorinfluencing

patients1mortality.

Developmentofchemistry

Chemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolution

intheseventeenthcenturyandthenonlyratherslowlyandlaboriously.But

chemicalknowledgeisasoldashistory,beingalmostentirelyconcernedwith

thepracticalartsofliving.Cookingisessentiallyachemicalprocess；so

isthemeltingofmetalsandtheadministrationofdrugs.Thisbasicchemical

knowledge,whichwasappliedinmostcasesasaruleofthumb（单凭经验来做

的方法），wasneverthelessdependentonpreviousexperiment.Italsoserved

tostimulateafundamentalcuriosityabouttheprocessesthemselves.Newin

formationwasalwaysbeinggainedasartisansimprovedtechniquestogain

betterresults.

Thedevelopmentofascientificapproachtochemistrywas,however,hampered

byseveralfactors.Themostseriousproblemwasthevastrangeofmaterial

availableandtheconsequentdifficultyoforganizingitintosomesystem.

Inaddition,thereweresocialandintellectualdifficulties.Chemistryis

nothingifnotpractical；thosewhopracticeitmustusetheirhandszthey

musthaveacertainpracticalflair（鉴另ll力）.Yetinmanyancientcivilizations,

practicaltaskswereprimarilytheprovinceofaslavepopulation.Thethinker

orphilosopherstoodapartfromthisworld,wherethepracticalartsappeared

tolackanyintellectualcontentofinterest.

Thefinalproblemforearlychemicalsciencewastheelementofsecrecy.

Expertsinspecifictradeshaddevelopedtheirowntechniquesandguarded

theirknowledgetopreventothersfromstealingtheirlivelihood.Another

factorthatcontributedtosecrecywaytheesoteric（深奥的）natureofthe

knowledgeofalchemists（炼金术士）•Inonesense,thesecondofthesewasthe

moreseriousimpediment（阻碍）becausetherecordsofthechemicalprocesses

thatearlyalchemistshaddiscoveredwereoftenwrittendowninsymbolic

languageunderstandab1etoveryfeworinsymbolsthatwerepurposelyobscure.

41NWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thescientificrevolutionintheseventeenthcentury.

B.Reasonst