综合英语4Lesson2解析

LessonTwo

Ⅰ.

WordStudyⅡ.

PhrasesandExpressionsⅢ.

WordBuildingⅣ.

Grammar

LanguageStudyContentsWordStudyWordlist:aggressionallotascendchilleccentric6.inquire7.mess8.moisten9.oblige10.shriek11.

tense12.viciousWordStudy1.aggression

n.

a.theactofinitiatinghostilitiesorinvasion

b.thepracticeorhabitoflaunchingattacksExamples:Thestatementcondemnedthecountry’sbrutalaggressionagainstitsneighbor.Boysusuallyexpresstheiraggressionbyhittingeachother.sofartheyhadshowednoaggressiontowardshim.physical/verbalaggression人身侵犯/口头侵犯

a. aggressivev.aggressn.aggressorWordformationsTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Examples:Baileybecameincreasinglyaggressiveinhisquestioningofthewitness.越来越咄咄逼人Today’sexecutivesarehungry,competitive,andaggressive.雄心勃勃，竞争意识强，有进取精神anaggressivetumor

迅速蔓延的肿瘤

a.aggressive

WordStudya.

inclinedtobehaveinahostilefashionb.

assertive,bold,andenterprisingc.

fastgrowing;tendingtospreadquicklyWordStudy2.allot v.a.toparcelout;todistributeorapportion

b.toassignasaportion;toallocate Examples:Theyallottedaparking-spacetoeachemployee.Canwedotheworkwithinthetimetheyhaveallottedtous?allocaterationsforaweek-longcampingtripapportionthemoneyfairlySynonymsallocateapportionassignTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

assign，allot，apportion，allocate

Theseverbsmeantosetasideorgiveout inportionsorshares.assign/allot

refertoarbitrarydistribution,but

neitherimpliesequalityorfairness

ofdivisionExamples:Thehardestworkwasassignedtothestrongestlaborers.Weallotahalfhouradayforrecreation.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

apportionistodivideaccordingtoprescribed

rulesandimpliesfairdistributionallocateusuallymeanstosetsomethingapart

fromalargerquantity,asofmoney,

foraspecificpurposeorfora

particularpersonorgroupExamples:“Thefirstdutyofalegislatoristoapportionpenalties.”“立法者的第一项任务就是分配刑罚”Aportionofthebudgetwasallocatedfortheeducationofeachstudent.WordStudyv.

a.togoormoveupward;torise

b.toslopeupward;tomoveupwardupon oralong;toclimb

c.tosucceedto;tooccupy3.ascendn.ascent

scendancy

ascendantWordformationsAntonymsdescenddescentExamples:ThestairsintheFive-Starhotelascendinagracefulcurve.Theybeganslowlyascendingtherockface.Theemperorascendedthekingdomwhenhewasonlyfive.WordStudyn.

a.amoderatebutpenetratingcoldness

b.asensationofcoldness,oftenaccompaniedbyshiveringandpalloroftheskin

c.asuddennumbingfearordread

4.

chillExamples:Thereisanoticeablechillintheairtoday.Alittlechillrandownherback. Thepopulationexperiencedachillatthethreatofaninvasion.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

Cf.chill/chilling/chilled/chillya.

Examples:achill/chillingwindTheeveningsaregettingchilly.averychill/chillyresponseachillingghoststoryabottleofchilledchampagne冷飕飕的风夜晚冷得难受。不友好/冷淡的反应令人毛骨悚然的鬼故事一瓶冰镇香槟酒WordStudy5.eccentrica.

a.departingfromarecognized,conventional,orestablishednormorpattern

b.deviatingfromacircularformorpath,asinanellipticalorbitExamples:Theoldladyhassomeeccentrichabits.Mars,Venusandtheotherplanetsmoveineccentricorbits.

火星、金星及其他行星沿不正圆的轨道运行。SynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueerquaintstrangeTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudySynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueerquaintstrange

strange:unfamiliar,distant,notcomfortable, constrained,notknownWhenhewokeup,hewasinastrangeplace.peculiar:distinctfromallothers,unusual,uniqueThisfishhasapeculiartaste;doyouthinkit’sallright?Languageispeculiartomankind.odd:deviatingfromwhatisordinary,usual,orexpectedIt’soddthathehasn’ttelephonedme.anoddglove单只手套

oddjob临时工作Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudySynonymsoddoutlandishpeculiarqueerquaintstrange

queer:markedlyfromthenorm“Now,mysuspicionisthattheuniverseisnotonlyqueererthanwesuppose,butqueererthanwecansuppose.”“现在，我的怀疑是宇宙不但比我们所假想的要奇异，而且比我们能假想的还要奇异。”J·B·S·(霍尔丹）

quaint:pleasingorold-fashionedpeculiaritythequaintstreetsofNewOrleansoutlandish:alienorbizarrestrangenessTheyweredressedinaquaint,outlandishfashion.WordStudy6.

inquire

v.toseekinformationbyaskingaquestiontomakeaninquiryorinvestigationExamples:I’ll

inquireabouttheflights.Sheinquiredaftermymother’shealth.Thedirectorinquiredof

meabout/concerningourwork.Weinquiredintohisstory,andfounditwastrue.Heinquiredforthebookinabookshop.Wordformationsn.inquiryinquisitiona.inquiringinquisitiveTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordStudy

Fillingtheblankswiththeappropriateformsof“inquire”:Havetheymadeany____afterme?Theobjectofscientific_____istodiscoverthelawsofnature.Don'tbeso_____;I’mnottellingyouwhatI’vepromisednottosay.An_____mindisveryvitalandvaluableinpursuingknowledge.IknewI’dfacean_____whenIgothome.KeysinquiriesinquiryinquisitiveinquiringinquisitionWordStudy7.

messn.a.acluttered,untidy,usuallydirtyconditionb.aconfused,troubling,orembarrassing conditionExamples:I’llhavetoclearupallthemessinthisroom.Thecopperindustrywasinamess.Thisillnessmakesamessofmyholidayplans.Shemesseduphernewdresswithredink.Don’tmesswithhimwhenheisangry.和他捣乱amessycourtcase

一件难缠的官司v.messa.messyWordformationsWordStudy8.moisten

v.tomakeorbecomemoist

Examples:“Moistenedbyrainanddew,youngcropsgrowstrong.”雨露滋润禾苗壮。Hiseyesweremoistwithtears.Thesundriesthemoistureontheground.n.moisturea.moistWordformationsWordStudy9.obligeExamples:Thelawobligesparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool.Iamobligedtoyouforyourgracioushospitality.Couldyouobligemebypostingthisletter?Graceobligedthecompanywithasong.v.

a.toconstrainbyphysical,legal,social,ormoralmeansb.tomakeindebtedorgratefulc.todoaserviceorfavorforWordStudy10.shriek n.

a.ashrill,oftenfranticcry

b.asoundsuggestiveofsuchacry

v.to

shriekExamples:Asuddenterribleshriekfrozethepassengertothespot.Weheardtheshriekoftheengine’swhistle.Theywereallshriekingwithlaughter.shriekoutawarningSynonymscallcryscreamscreechshoutyellWordStudy a.a.tightlystretched

b.inastateofmentalornervoustensionv./n.tenseExamples:tensemusclesTheplayersweretenseatthestartofthegame.Hedislikesoralexamsmostofall;theyalwaystensehimup.“Just”isfrequentlyusedwiththepresentperfecttense.11.tenseWordformations

n.tension

a.tensile

可拉长的WordStudyExamples:Itwasoneofthemostviciouscrimesofthecentury.Shemadeupaviciousstoryaboutmetogeteven.Theviciousdogoughttobeonaleash.viciouscircle/cycleofpoverty-ignorance-poverty12.vicious残暴的恶毒的凶猛的恶性循环Translationa.a.havingthenatureofvice;evil,immoral,ordepraved

b.spiteful;malicious

c.

disposedtoorcharacterizedbyviolentordestructivebehaviorTheendofWordStudy.List:everynowandthen/againtogiveone’salibiinasplitsecondtomakearemarknot…intheleasttopopinandouttoputoutofone’smindtostarttheballingrollingtotakeadvantageof

towalkinone’ssleepPhrasesandExpressionsExamples:Everynowandthenashipcameintotheharbor.Writemeapostcardeverynowandagain.Everynowandthenhewipedhiseyeswithabigpocket-handkerchief.HeonlycomestoLondoneverynowandthen.1.

Everynowandthen/againPhrasesandExpressionsonanumberofoccasions;atregularintervals

togiveaformalstatementorevidencethatapersonwasinanotherplaceatthetimeofacrimeExamples:Hecouldn’tgiveareliablealibisothepolicedidn’treleasehim.Haveyouanalibi?你能证明不在犯罪现场吗？2.Togiveone’salibiPhrasesandExpressionsMoreexamples:immediately inamomentatonce inaninstantataword inasecondrightaway inablinkatshortnoticeinatwinklingofaneyeinstantly inonebreathinstantaneously inthesamebreath3.inasplitsecondPhrasesandExpressions一瞬间，霎那间PhrasesandExpressions4.tomakearemarktomakeastatementorcommetExamples:Theykeptmakingremarksaboutus.SophiamadenoremarkastoGerald’slietoher.Hemadeanunpleasantcommentaboutmyfriend.Hemadeaflatteringstatementaboutherclothes.Glass,exposedbeams,andantiquesallcombinetomakeastrongdecorativestatement.

将玻璃、裸露的柱子和古董结合在一起制造出强烈的装饰效果。Examples:Iamnotintheleastafraidofhisthreats.Idon’tmindintheleast.atleast:

至少；无论如何Iwaitedatleastanhour.Youmightatleastanswer.leastofall:尤其不Nobodycared,leastofallthemanager.notleast:相当重要Tradehasbeenbad,notleastbecauseofincreasedcosts.5.not…intheleast

not…atallPhrasesandExpressions

tomakebriefvisitandthenleavesuddenlyExamples:She’salwayspoppinginandout.她总是来去匆匆。I’vejustpoppedintosayhello.I’mafraidshe’sjustpoppedoutforafewminutes.Ourneighborpoppedinforshortcall.Iamjustpoppingroundtotheshop.poproundwhenyougettimePopdowntotheshopsandgetabottleofmilk.6.

topopinandoutPhrasesandExpressions进来出去进来去一下短暂拜访匆匆去Translationtomakeoneforgetsomething7.

toputoutofone’smindPhraseswith“mind”PhrasesandExpressionsExample:Youhavetotrytoputyourpastsufferingoutofyourmindandmakeafreshstart.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Phraseswith“mind”PhrasesandExpressionsbeinone’emindbeintwomindsbeonone’smindbeoutofone’smindbearinmindgiveone’smindtogooutofone’smindkeepone’smindontake…offone’smind有想法，想念拿不定主意，不肯定,犹豫压在心上，有心事不想，不正常记住专心从事，对专注不再想,忘掉，发疯专心注意，聚精会神去掉心事……tostarttheconversation/activity8.tostarttheballrollingPhrasesandExpressions“ball”phrasesOtherPhrases:gettheballrolling(=keeptheballrolling)

使（活动、讨论等）不中断havetheballatone’sfeet有希望一蹴而就ontheball内行；在行Thatbankerisreallyontheball.

那位银行家的确很在行。playball（与with连用）合作

toputingooduse;toavailoneselfofprofitselfishlyby9.TotakeadvantageofPhrasesandExpressionsExamples:Weshouldtakeadvantageofalleducationalopportunities.She’ssusinghercharmtotrytotakeadvantageofhim.Cf.makeuseof:Shewasmakingfulluseofheropportunity.Example:Childrenwhowalkintheirsleepusuallyoutgrowthehabit.梦游的孩子通常在长大后会改掉这个习惯。10.towalkinone’ssleepPhrasesandExpressionsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.towalkaroundwhileasleepcryoneselftosleep哭着睡着了get/gotosleep睡着，入睡inasound/beautifulsleep睡得正熟/香last/longsleep

长眠puttosleep使睡着WordBuildingList:

Derivativesof“form”

Derivativesof“scribe”

Affix—rupt

Suffix—-mitWordBuildingconformdeformmisinformperformreformtransformformationformatform:theshapeandstructureofanobject

inform:in在内+form形状；在心里造成形状就引申为通知……符合，使一致变形告知错误的信息履行，执行改革，重新组成转换，使变形形成,构成，编队格式，形式，版式……scribe:fromLateLatin“scrĪe”:towrite：写，记下WordBuildingascribedescribeinscribeprescribesubscribetranscribe归因于，归咎于描写，记述，形容记下指示，规定，开药订阅，签署转录WordBuildingeruptrupt:

fromLatin

“rumpere”:tobreakabruptbankrupteruptcorruptdisruptinterruptrupture突然，陡峭的破产喷出，爆发腐烂，堕落使中断，使破裂打断，中断破裂，裂开Suffix—-mit:Latinsuffix:tosend呈交，放开

admit:ad-=to向，对WordBuildingadmitcommitemitremittransmitThisistheendofWordBuilding.允许，接纳把交托给，提交发出，放射汇出，传送传输，传达……GrammarTobecontinuedonthenextpage.ParentheticalElementsBeforegoingintohisroomhemadeanoldremarkwhich—inthecircumstances—isworthrepeating.PrepositionalphraseasaparentheticalexpressiontoaddsomeexplanationsofthesituationParentheticalelementsareoftenusedastransitionalandexplanatoryexpressionsorafterthoughts.MoreExamplesGrammarTobecontinuedonthenextpage.ManystudentschooseSaturdayforsportsorsocialactivities.Sunday,ontheotherhand,se