八年级英语上学期期末考试03（浙江杭州专用）八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版）

20232024学年八年级上学期期末考试（杭州卷）英语（满分：120分；考试时间：100分钟，其中听力30分钟，笔试90分钟）注意事项：1.本试卷共四部分，共七大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。2.请务必在答题卡上答题，在试卷上答题无效。3.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第=1\*ROMANI卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。一、听短对话选答案（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）1．Whatdoestheboy’sfatherdo?A．Acook. B．Apilot. C．Ateacher.2．Howoftendoestheboyexercise?A．Hardlyever. B．Almostalways. C．Never.3．WhatdoesMikelooklike?A．He’stallerthanPeter. B．He’sheavierthanEric. C．Heisn’tasheavyasEric.4．Wheremaythetwospeakersbe?A．Inastore. B．Onthestreet. C．Athome.5．Whenwilltheconcertbegin?A．At8:00. B．At8:13. C．At8:30.二、听对话或对白选答案（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）听下面一段对话，回答下列小题。6．Wheredidthegirlgoforaholiday?A．ShewenttoCanada. B．ShewenttoEngland. C．ShewenttoAmerica.7．Whichseasonmaybethebesttimefortravelersthere?A．Summer. B．Autumn. C．Winter.8．Whydidn’ttheboyhaveagoodtime?A．Becausetheweatherwasterrible. B．Becausehedidn’tcatchtheplane. C．Becausetheairwasnotsogood.听下面一段对话，回答下列小题。9．Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A．Healthproblems. B．Theirfavoritefood. C．Freetimeactivities.10．Howmanystepsdoesittaketomakegarlicsoup?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.11．Whatmightthemandoaftertalkingwiththewoman?A．Havegarlicsoup. B．Buysomemedicine. C．Getsomehotwater.下面一段独白，回答下列小题。12．Howdidtheshopownerfeelwhenheclosedhisshopandwenthome?A．Hefelttired. B．Hefeltangry. C．Hefeltexcited.13．Whathappenedjustashewenttobed?A．Thedooropened. B．Amancamein. C．Thetelephonerang.14．Whatdidthemanaskafterafewminutes?A．Heaskedwhattimetheshopopened.B．Heaskedwhattimetheownerwenttobed.C．Heaskedwhattimetheshopclosed.15．Whydidtheshopownerbeeangry?A．Becausehedidn’twanttoclosetheshop.B．Becausesomethingwaswrongwiththetelephone.C．Becausehedidn’twanttoanswertheman’squestion.第二部分阅读理解（共两节；满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。APUMPKINSOUPWhatweneedHowtocook:1.Getthepumpkinpiecesready.2.Cooktheonioninhotoilforfiveminutes.3.Addpumpkinandcookanothertenminutesuntilitgetssoft.Don’tforgettostirit.4.Pourinchickensoupandthenaddsalt.Boilfortenminutes.5.Pourincream,stirfortwominutes,andthenpoursoupintobowls.6.Whenservingthesoupinbowls,youcanaddafewpumpkinseedstothetop.stir:搅拌

seeds:种子16．Whatfooddoweneedinthesoup?A．Fish. B．Beef.C．Fruits. D．Vegetables.17．Howlongdoesitneedtocookthepumpkinsoup?A．Atmost10minutes.B．About30minutes.C．AtleastIhour.D．Morethan2hours.18．Whatmustyoudobeforeaddingsalt?A．Cutthebananas.B．Pourchickensoup.C．Pourcream.D．Addseeds.BEveryCloudHasaSilverLiningClaire,AmericaSometimessomethinggoodesoutofabadthing.Lastmonth,Itookaphotoofanamazingsunsetoveralakewhenhikinginapark.ThenIdecidedtosendittomybrotherCharley.Anyway,Idroppedmyphoneinthewater.OMG!Ilostallmyphotosandmyphone.Well,luckily,CharleysentmysunsetphotototheTVstation.Today,theychoseitforPhotooftheMonth,andIwonanewcameral.Maybeeverycloudhasasilverlining!Sue,CanadaTenyearsago,mycarbrokedownonmywaytoschool.Ididn’thaveenoughmoneytofixit,sothattermIhadtogetupat5:00a.m.everydaytotakethebus.Onecold,wetmorning.Ifeltreallytired.Butthisguystartedtalkingtomeonthebus,andhereallymademelaugh!Ialsofoundthatwestudiedatthesamecollege.Weexchangedphonenumbers,andtherestishistory.Tenyearslater,we’remarriedwithtwochildren.Oh,andanewcar!Everycloudhasasilverlining!Yang,ChinaSomeweeksago,IhelpedaMalaysianfriendAndrewmovehisthingsintomyapartment.Helosthisjobandneededaplacetostay.ButIhurtmybackwhencarryingsomeheavyboxes.Itwasreallybad,soIhadtogotothehospital.Anyway,Isawanadvertisement(广告)foraputerprogrammeratthehospital.Icalledmyfriend,andhegotthejob!Atleasthiscloudhadasilverlining!ThoughIdohavemyapartmentalltomyselfagain.19．WhathappenedtoClaire?A．Herphonefellintothewater.B．ShewenttotheTVstationC．Herbrothertookanicephoto.D．Shewonanewphone.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“brokedown”meaninChinese?A．抛锚 B．闯入 C．休息 D．逃跑21．WhichistherightorderofYang’sstory?①Andrewlosthisjob.②Andrewgotthejob.③Yangwenttothehospital.④YanghelpedAndrewmovethings.A．③①④② B．④①③② C．①④③② D．④③①②22．WhichofthefollowinghasthesimilarmeaningtothetitleEveryCloudHasaSilverLining?A．Ifyouworkhard.yourdreamwilletrue.B．Sometimessomethinggoodesoutofabadthing.C．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D．Ifyouhelpothers,otherswillhelpyou.CAteenmagazinedidasurveyofreadersandaskedthesequestions:Whatmakesyouhappy?Whatmakesyousad?Whatmakesyouangry?Whatmakesyouscared?Hereistheresultofthesurvey.Whatmakesyouhappy?Mostpeople’sanswershadsomethingtodowithfamily,specialmoments,likebirthdaysandholidays.Therewerealotofanswersaboutfriends,thingspeopledidwiththeirfriends,mostinvolved(包含)eatingandtalking—morethanhalftheanswersmentioned(提到)goingforapizzaorhamburger.Thereweren’tmanyanswersaboutschool,justafewwhosaidtheyfelthappywhentheydidwellinatestatschool.Whatmakesyousad?Alotofteenssaidtheyfeltsadwhentheywerealone(单独).Listeningtosadmusicorwatchingasadfilmalsoappearedinalotofanswers.Hearingaboutdisasters(灾难)wasareasonforalotofpeopletofeelsad.Whatmakesyouangry?Thereweremoredifferentanswerstothisquestionthananyoftheothers.Seeingpeoplehurting(伤害)eachotherorhurtinganimalsmakesalotofpeopleangry.Somepeoplesaidlisteningtopoliticians(政客)oftenmadethemangry.Afewsaidtheirparentssometimesmadethemangry,forlotsofdifferentreasons.Whatmakesyouscared?Scaryfilmsweretopofthelist.Manypeoplesaidbeingaloneinthehouselateintheeveningwasscary.Afewwerescaredofsomeanimals,butnotmany.23．Whateventsdidalotofpeoplesaymadethemhappy?A．Birthdaysandholidays. B．Testsandfestivals.C．Holidaysandmeetings. D．Schoolsandclasses.24．Whendidmanyteensfeelsadaccordingtothetext?A．Whentheywerereadingbooks. B．WhentheywerehavingatestC．Whentheyweregoingonatrip. D．Whennobodywaswiththem.25．Whichofthefollowingbestshowstheanswerstothelastquestion?A．B．C． D．26．Whichquestionhadthehighestnumberofdifferentanswers?A．Whatmakesyouhappy? B．Whatmakesyousad?C．Whatmakesyouangry? D．Whatmakesyouscared?DFriendsareimportanttoallofus.Theyshareourgooddaysandourbaddays.Theyareinterestedinusandourproblems.Buthowdoyoumakenewfriends?Hereissomeadvice.Whenyoumeetnewpeople,findoutwhatyouhaveinmon.Askquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?”or“Whatdoyouliketodoonweekends?”Ifyouhavethingsinmon,youcandothoseactivitiestogether.It’sfuntoshareyourfavoriteactivitieswithsomeone.Ifyoubothlikemovies,youcangotothemoviestogether.Orsimplyplantogettogetheroneeveningandtalk—youdon’thavetospendmoneyorgoouttoexpensiveplaces.Justspendtimetogether.Thisisthemostimportant.Buthowcanyoumeetnewpeople?Thinkaboutyourinterestsandthethingsyouliketodo.Doyouhaveahobby?Well,joinaclub.Doyouwanttolearntodance?Thensignup(报名)foradanceclass.Talkwithpeopleyoumeetattheseplaces—youalreadyhavesomethinginmon.Whenyoustarttalkingwithpeople,smileandbefriendly.Don’tforgettogivepliments.Peoplelovetohearthattheylookniceorthatyouliketheirthings.Alwayslistentowhattheotherpersonsaysandaskfollowupquestions.Whenyoumakenewfriends,don’tforgetyouroldfriends!Introduce(介绍)yournewfriendstoyouroldfriends,too.Afterall,themorefriendsyouhave,thehappieryouwillbe!27．HowcanwefindthemoninterestswithothersaccordingtoParagraph(段落)2?A．Bysmilingtoothers. B．Byaskingquestions.C．Byseeingthemovies. D．Byshakinghands.28．Whatdoesthewriterthinkisimportantinafriendship?A．Goingtoexpensiveplaces. B．Spendingtimetogether.C．Talkingwithfamouspeople. D．Introducingeachother.29．Whichofthefollowingisa“pliment”?A． B．C． D．30．Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A．Howtosolveourproblems? B．Howtomakenewfriends?C．Howtoshareourhappiness? D．Howtospendourfreetime?第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）下面文章中有五处需要添加标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合意思的标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。Tired?Bored?Feellikeyoucouldbehappier?Ifthat’syou,readourtopfivetipsforabetterlife.31Mostpeoplefeelhappierwhenthey’rehealthy.Anddidyouknowthatgoingforawalkisbetterforyourmindthanplayingchess?Astrongerbodymeansastrongermindtoo!32Whenwe’rebusy,wecansometimesforgetaboutourfriends.Butthey’reimportanttous.Thinkofsomeoneyoudon’ttalktoenough,thenpickupyourphoneandmakeacallrightnow!33Weknowthatpeoplewhohelpotherpeoplearehealthierandhappierthanthosewhodon’t.Andremember:peoplewillbefriendlierandnicertoyouifyou’refriendlyandnicetothem!Smileatthebusdriverortheshopassistantandwatchthemsmilebackatyou.34Didyoueverthinkoflearninganewlanguage,doinganewsport,playingthepianoorjoininganewgroup?Well,don’tjustthinkaboutit—doit!It’sprobablyeasierthanyouthink.35Checkyouremailonceaday—twiceifyoumust—butnottwentytimes!AndthinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspendsurfingtheInternet.Getupfromyourchairandfindsomethingmoreinterestingtodo.A．DosomethingforotherpeopleB．DosomeexerciseC．OftenseeadoctorD．GetawayfromyourputerE．CallafriendF．Trysomethingnew第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhenJonniePeacockwasfive,hewaslikemostsmallboysfromhishometownofCambridge—helovedtoplaysports.However,henearly36whenhebecameveryillwithmeningitis(脑膜炎).Jonnie’sparentstookhimto37.Thedoctorssavedhislife,38theycouldn’tsavehisrightleg.Hecouldn’trunaroundwiththeotherchildrenanymoreandhecouldn’tplay39,hisfavoritesport.Butthedoctorsgavehimanew,artificial

(人造的)40.Hecouldwalkagain,buthewantedtodomorethanthat,sohe41dancingandstarteddoingothersportslike42.Hisdoctors,hisfriendsandhisparentswereall43thathecoulddosomuch.Only18months44helosthisleg,hecouldrun,swimandplayfootballagain.Amongthosesports45inrunningthen—mostofotherchildrencan’trunfasterthan46.Laterin2010,Jonniestartedto47alot.HewantedtogototheLondon2012Paralympics,theOlympicGamesfordisabledathletes(残疾运动员).SomeoftheathletesintheParalympicscan’twalk,theycando48specialthatmostpeoplecan’t.JonniePeacock49firstprizeattheLondon2012ParalympicGameswhenhewasonly19yearsold.Heranthe100metersinatimeof109050!36．A．danced B．worked C．died D．slept37．A．cinema B．hotel C．hospital D．school38．A．but B．because C．so D．unless39．A．baseball B．football C．volleyball D．basketball40．A．tooth B．heart C．leg D．hand41．A．grewup B．madeup C．tookup D．cutup42．A．acting B．drawing C．singing D．swimming43．A．surprised B．angry C．upset D．tired44．A．before B．after C．until D．yet45．A．important B．careful C．popular D．talented46．A．him B．them C．me D．her47．A．relax B．practice C．eat D．drink48．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything49．A．bought B．broke C．dug D．won50．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days第=2\*ROMANII卷第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第二节：（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations,theworld’spopulationisprobablygoingtohit8billionon15November,2022.Anditcould51(grow)toaround8.5billionin2030and9.7billionin2050.Morethanhalfofthepossiblepopulationincreaseupto2050willmainlybeineight52(country),suchasEgypt,PakistanandIndia.AndIndiaisprobablygoingtobeethecountrywiththe53(large)populationintheworldin2023.Thereissomethingfurtherinthereport.It54(take)theworld’spopulation12yearstogrowfrom7to8billioninthepast,55itwillonlytakeabout15yearstohit9billioninthenearfuture.Thatmeanstheworld’spopulationisgrowing56(slow)thanbefore.TheUNSecretaryGeneral,AntónioGuterres,talkedabout57seriousproblem.Theworldhasgrownricherbutthedifferences58therichandthepoorhavegrownaswell.Agreatnumberofpeoplestilldon’tgetenoughfood59(eat).Therearealsoalotofpeopleintheworldleaving60(they)homesformanycauses.第四部分写作（共两节，满分25分）第一节：单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）根据首字母提示,正确拼写单词,并将答案填写在答题卡对应的横线上。61．Weshouldcall110whenwefindourselvesgetl.62．Josieome500yuantodothedifficultjobandIagreed.63．Afterthepetition,theyusuallyhaveameetingtodecidewhoisthew.64．I’dliketogotoTonightMovieTheaterbecauseIcansitthemostc.65．IstartedkeepingadofwhathappenedeachdaywhenIwasthirteen.66．Mymotherasksmetowashtheclothesmyselfoaweek.67．Ahewasbusythewholeweek,hewasreadytohelphismotherwithhousework.68．Alicestudieshardandalwaysgetsgoodgintheexams.69．Thirtyfivepofourstudentsexerciseeveryday.70．LiuYingandLiuPinglookthesamebuttherearestillsomedbetweenthem.第二节：书面表达（共1小题；满分15分）71．我们生活中难免会碰到一些困难。假如你是Mark，下面是你的笔友Danny发给你的一封email，请根据Danny的困惑给他提出一些合理的建议。To:MarkSubject:SomeproblemsHiMark,Iamworriedthesedays.Ihavesomeproblemswithmyparents.Firstly,myparentsalwaysaskmetodosomeoutdoorexerciseafterschooleveryday.Sometimesamtiredfromschool.Ijustwanttorelaxmyselfathome.Secondly,thenewtermising.SomyparentsaskmetomakeaNewTerm’sResolution.ButIthinkthebestresolutionistohavenoresolution.WhatshouldIdo?Couldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice?Thanksalot.Danny注意：1.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.字数：80词左右（短文开头已给出，仅供选择使用。)To:DannySubject:SomeadviceDearDanny,I’msorrytohearthatyouhavesomeproblemswithyourparents.Don’tworry!Ithink_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．A【原文】略2．B【原文】略3．B【原文】略4．C【原文】略5．C【原文】略6．A7．B8．A【原文】略9．A10．C11．B【原文】略12．A13．C14．A15．C【原文】略16．D17．B18．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一篇南瓜汤的食谱，介绍了南瓜汤的用料和烹饪步骤。16．推理判断题。根据南瓜汤的用料可知，做汤需要一千克南瓜，南瓜属于蔬菜，故选D。17．细节理解题。根据“Howtocook:...2.Cooktheonioninhotoilforfiveminutes.3.Addpumpkinandcookanothertenminutesuntilitgetssoft.4.Pourinchickensoupandthenaddsalt.Boilfortenminutes.5.Pourincream,stirfortwominutes...”可知，制作南瓜汤大概需要30分钟，故选B。18．细节理解题。根据“4.Pourinchickensoupandthenaddsalt.”可知，加盐之前要倒入鸡汤，故选B。19．A20．A21．C22．B【导语】本文是三个人分享他们的经历，证明了“塞翁失马，焉知非福”的道理。19．细节理解题。根据“Claire,America”中“Anyway,Idroppedmyphoneinthewater.”可知，Claire的掉进了水里。故选A。20．词句猜测题。根据“Sue,Canada”中“Tenyearsago,mycarbrokedownonmywaytoschool.Ididn’thaveenoughmoneytofixit,sothattermIhadtogetupat5:00a.m.everydaytotakethebus.”可知，十年前，Sue的车在上学的路上抛锚了，Sue没有足够的钱来修理它，所以那个学期Sue不得不每天早上5点起床去坐公交车；可推测出“brokedown”意为“抛锚”。故选A。21．篇章结构题。根据最后一段中“Someweeksago,IhelpedaMalaysianfriendAndrewmovehisthingsintomyapartment.Helosthisjobandneededaplacetostay.ButIhurtmybackwhencarryingsomeheavyboxes.Itwasreallybad,soIhadtogotothehospital.Anyway,Isawanadvertisementforaputerprogrammeratthehospital.Icalledmyfriend,andhegotthejob!Atleasthiscloudhadasilverlining!”可知，①Andrew失业了；④Yang帮Andrew搬东西；③Yang去医院了；②Andrew得到了这份工作；C选项符合题意。故选C。22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是三个人分享他们的经历，证明了“塞翁失马，焉知非福”的道理，B选项“有时候坏事也会变成好事。”符合题意。故选B。23．A24．D25．D26．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章展示了一个杂志就关于“什么使你高兴，什么使你难过，什么使你生气，什么使你恐惧”的问题对青少年进行调查的结果。23．细节理解题。根据“Whatmakesyouhappy?Mostpeople’sanswershadsomethingtodowithfamily,specialmoments,likebirthdaysandholidays.”可知大多数人的回答和家人，特殊的时刻有关，例如生日和假期，故选A。24．细节理解题。根据“Whatmakesyousad?Alotofteenssaidtheyfeltsadwhentheywerealone”可知许多青少年说他们独自一个人时会感到难过，故选D。25．细节理解题。根据“Scaryfilmsweretopofthelist.Manypeoplesaidbeingaloneinthehouselateintheeveningwasscary.Afewwerescaredofsomeanimals,butnotmany.”可知被调查的青少年感到恐惧的原因：居于首位的是恐怖电影，其次是深夜一个人在家，害怕一些动物占少数，故选D。26．细节理解题。根据“Whatmakesyouangry?Thereweremoredifferentanswerstothisquestionthananyoftheothers.”可知“什么使你生气”有更多的不同答案，故选C。27．B28．B29．D30．B【导语】本文主要介绍了如何交新朋友的方法。27．细节理解题。根据“Whenyoumeetnewpeople,findoutwhatyouhaveinmon.Askquestionslike‘Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?’or‘Whatdoyouliketodoonweekends?’”可知，可以通过问问题来找到和他人的共同兴趣。故选B。28．细节理解题。根据“Justspendtimetogether.Thisisthemostimportant.”可知，花时间在一起是最重要的。故选B。29．推理判断题。根据“Peoplelovetohearthattheylookniceorthatyouliketheirthings.”可知，人们喜欢听别人说他们看起来很漂亮，或者你喜欢他们的东西，因此pliment表示“赞美”，选项D“哇！你穿这双鞋真好看。”符合。故选D。30．主旨大意题。根据“Buthowdoyoumakenewfriends?Hereissomeadvice.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要给出了如何交新朋友的建议。故选B。31．B32．E33．A34．F35．D【导语】本文提出了如何过更美好的生活，从而更加快乐的五个建议。31．根据“goingforawalkisbetterforyourmindthanplayingchess”可知，本段建议多做运动，B项“做些运动”符合。故选B。32．根据“Thinkofsomeoneyoudon’ttalktoenough,thenpickupyourphoneandmakeacallrightnow!”可知，本段建议与朋友保持联系，E项“给朋友打”符合。故选E。33．根据“Weknowthatpeoplewhohelpotherpeoplearehealthierandhappier”可知，本段建议帮助他人，A项“为他人做点什么”符合。故选A。34．根据“…learninganewlanguage,doinganewsport,playingthepianoorjoininganewgroup”可知，本段建议尝试新的兴趣爱好，或学新知识，F项“尝试新事物”符合。故选F。35．根据“…surfingtheInternet.Getupfromyourchairandfindsomethingmoreinterestingtodo.”可知，本段建议少上网，D项“远离电脑”符合。故选D。36．C37．C38．A39．B40．C41．C42．D43．A44．B45．D46．A47．B48．B49．D50．A【导语】本文讲述了约翰尼·皮科克小时候因为生病导致失去右腿，但非常坚强地用假肢站了起来并练习跑步及其它的运动，并最终在2012年伦敦残奥会获得了第一名。36．句意：然而，当他患上脑膜炎时，他差点死了。danced跳舞；worked工作；died死亡；slept睡觉。根据“Thedoctorssavedhislife”可知，医生们挽救了他的生命，因此表示他差点死了，故选C。37．句意：约翰尼的父母把他送到了医院。cinema电影院；hotel宾馆；hospital医院；school学校。根据“Thedoctorssavedhislife”可知，医生们挽救了他的生命，因此表示他的父母带他去了医院，故选C。38．句意：医生们挽救了他的生命，但是他们无法挽救他的右腿。but但是；because因为；so所以；unless除非。结合句意，前一句表示医生们挽救了他的生命，后一句表示他们无法挽救他的右腿，前后表示转折关系，因此用连词but，故选A。39．句意：他不能再和其他孩子一起跑来跑去，也不能玩他最喜欢的运动——踢足球。baseball棒球；football足球；volleyball足球；basketball篮球。根据后文的“Only18months...helosthisleg,hecouldrun,swimandplayfootballagain.”可知，他喜欢踢足球，故选B。40．句意：但是医生给他装了一条新的假腿。tooth牙齿；heart心脏；leg腿；hand手。根据“theycouldn’tsavehisrightleg.”可知，他们没能保住他的右腿，因此给他装了一条假腿，故选C。41．句意：他又能走路了，但他还想做更多的事情，所以他开始跳舞，并开始做其他运动，比如游泳。grewup成长；madeup组成；tookup占据，开始从事；cutup切碎。takeupdoingsth“开始做某事”，故选C。42．句意：他又能走路了，但他还想做更多的事情，所以他开始跳舞，并开始做其他运动，比如游泳。acting表演；drawing画画；singing唱歌；swimming游泳。根据后文的“starteddoingothersports”可知，他开始做其他运动，此处的运动应是游泳，故选D。43．句意：他的医生、朋友和父母都对他能做这么多感到惊讶。surprised惊讶的；angry生气的；upset悲伤的；tired疲劳的。根据“Only18months...helosthisleg,hecouldrun,swimandplayfootballagain.”可知，在失去一条腿18个月后，他又能跑步、游泳和踢足球了，因此他的医生、朋友和父母对此感到惊讶。故选A。44．句意：在失去一条腿18个月后，他又能跑步、游泳和踢足球了。before在……之前；after在……之后；until直到；yet然而。根据“hecouldrun,swimandplayfootballagain”可知，他又能跑步、游泳和踢足球，应是在他失去一条腿18个月之后，故选B。45．句意：在那些运动中，他擅长跑步，大多数其他孩子都跑不过他。important重要的；careful认真的；popular受欢迎的；talented有才干的。betalentedin“在……方面有天赋”，故选D。46．句意：在那些运动中，他擅长跑步，大多数其他孩子都跑不过他。him他；them他们；me我；her她；根据前文的“Only18months...helosthisleg,hecouldrun,swimandplayfootballagain.”可知，此处代指他，用代词him，故选A。47．句意：2010年晚些时候，约翰尼开始大量练习。relax令人放松；practice练习；eat吃；drink喝。根据“HewantedtogototheLondon2012Paralympics,theOlympicGamesfordisabledathletes”可知，他想去参加2012年伦敦残奥会，因此他要开始大量练习，故选B。48．句意：残奥会的一些运动员不能走路，但他们能做一些大多数人不能做的特别的事情。anything任何事；something某物；nothing没什么；everything一切。根据“SomeoftheathletesintheParalympicscan’twalk”可知，一些不能走路的运动员应是能做一些大多数人不能做的特别的事情，此处是肯定句，用something，故选B。49．句意：约翰尼·皮科克在2012年伦敦残奥会上获得第一名，当时他只有19岁。bought买；broke弄坏；dug挖；won赢得。根据宾语“firstprize”可知，此处表示赢得第一名，故选D。50．句意：他100米跑了1090秒!seconds秒；minutes分钟；hours小时；days天。根据“Heranthe100meters”可知，他跑了100米，应是用了1090秒，故选A。51．grow52．countries53．largest54．took55．but56．moreslowly57．a58．between59．toeat60．their【导语】本文主要介绍了在人口增长的背景下，世界面临的共同问题。51．句意：到2030年可能增长到85亿，到2050年可能增长到97亿。根据情态动词could可知，该空要用动词原形的形式，故填grow。52．句意：截至2050年，超过一半的可能增长人口将主要集中在埃及、巴基斯坦和印度等8个国家。根据空格前的eight可知，该空要用名词的复数形式，country的复数形式是countries，故填countries。53．句意：印度很可能在2023年成为世界上人口最多的国家。根据空格前的the以及后文的intheworld可知，该空要用形容词的最高级，large的最高级是largest，故填largest。54．句意：过去世界人口从70亿增长到80亿需要12年的时间。由“inthepast”可知，该句应用一般过去时，take的过去式是took，故填took。55．句意：但在不久的将来，只需要15年就能达到90亿。前文说到过去世界人口从70亿增长到80亿需要12年的时间，后面又讲到以后只需要15年就能达到90亿，由句意可知该空表示转折关系，故填but。56．句意：这意味着世界人口的增长速度比以前慢了。要用副词的形式来修饰空格前的“isgrowing”，又由than可知该空要用比较级，故用副词的比较级，故填moreslowly。57．句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯谈到了一个严重的问题。由problem可知，该空要用一个冠词来表示“一个问题”，又由serious是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。58．句意：世界变得越来越富裕，但贫富差距也在扩大。between…and…表示“在……和……之间”，该空表示富人和穷人之间，故填between。59．句意：许多人仍然没有得到足够的食物吃。enough+名词+todo表示“足够的……去做某事”，故填toeat。60．句意：世界上还有很多人因为各种原因离开家园。由空格后的homes可知，该空要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，they的形容词性物主代词是their，故填their。61．(l)ost【详解】句意：当我们发现自己迷路时应该打110。根据“Weshouldcall110whenwefindours