专业英语-李尔王小说介绍-英语课件King-Lear

KingLearByWilliamShakespeareCONTENTSABriefIntroductiontoWilliamShakespeareKingLearBackground&CriticismCharactersPlot&SubplotRoleAnalysisThemeWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

agreathumanistagreatpoetadramaticgenius,thegreatestplaywrightofalltime.amasteroflanguage37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnetsLifeExperienceBornonApril23,1564inStratford-on-AvonAttendedgrammarschoolandhadsomeeducation(“smallLatinandlessGreek”)Hisfatherwasinvolvedinfinancialdifficulties.DropouttohelpsupportthefamilyAt18,marriedAnneHathaway3yearslater,wenttoLondonandstayedthereabout5years(1587-1592)In1594,joinedatheatercompany,andlaterbecameitsplaywrightandpartownerIn1597,wentbackhomeandboughtahousecalledNewPlaceRetiredat49DiedonApril23,1616,at52,andwasburiedatStratfordFourPeriodsofHisDramaticCareerPeriodofEarlyExperimentation(?-1594)PeriodofRapidGrowthandDevelopment(1595-1600)PeriodofGloomandDepression(1601-1607)PeriodofCalmafterStorm(1608-1612)TheFirstPeriod(themid-1590s)FourcomediesTheComedyofErrors《错误的喜剧》TheTamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》TheTwoGentlemenofVerona《维洛那二绅士》Love’sLabor’sLost《爱的徒劳》FourhistoryplaysTheSecondPartofKingHenryⅥTheThirdPartofKingHenryⅥTheFirstPartofKingHenryⅥTheLifeandDeathofKingRichardⅢOnetragedyTitusAndronicusTheSecondPeriod(1595-1599)SixcomediesAMidsummerNight’sDreamTheMerchantofVeniceMuchAdoAboutNothing《无事生非》AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》TheMerryWivesofWindsorTwelfthNightFourhistoriesTheLifeandDeathofRichardⅡTheFirstPartofKingHenryⅣTheSecondPartofKingHenryⅣTheLifeofKingHenryⅤTwotragediesRomeoandJulietTheLifeandDeathofJuliusCaesar《凯撒大帝》TheThirdPeriod(1600-1608)GreattragediesHamlet,PrinceofDenmarkOthello,theMooreofVeniceKingLearTheTragedyofMacbethAntonyandCleopatraTheTragedyofCoriolanusTimonofAthens《雅典的泰门》DarkcomediesAll’sWellThatEndsWell《终成眷属》TroilusandCressidaMeasureforMeasure《一报还一报》TheFourthPeriod(1608-1613)FourtragicomediesCymbeline,KingofBritain《辛白林》TheWinter’sTale《冬天的故事》TheTempest《暴风雨》PrinceofTyreTwoplaysTheLifeofKingHenryⅧTheTwoNobleKinsmenThetwolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrece

wererespectivelypublishedin1593and1594.HisSonnetswerepublishedin1609.Theyaredividedintotwogroups.Oneisabouttheconflictedloverforayoungmanofsuperiorbeautyandtheotherabouttheuncontrollableloveforamysterious“darklady”ofirresistiblebeauty.ComedyHistoryTragedyPoetryAll'sWellThatEndsWellAsYouLikeItTheComedyofErrorsLove'sLabor'sLostMeasureforMeasureTheMerchantofVeniceTheMerryWivesofWindsorAMidsummerNight'sDreamMuchAdoAboutNothingPericles,PrinceofTyreTheTamingoftheShrewTheTempestTwelfthNightTheTwoGentlemenofVeronaTheTwoNobleKinsmenTheWinter'sTaleHenryIV,part1HenryIV,part2HenryVHenryVI,part1HenryVI,part2HenryVI,part3HenryVIIIKingJohnRichardIIRichardIIIRomeoandJulietCoriolanusTitusAndronicusTimonofAthensJuliusCaesarMacbethHamletTroilusandCressidaKingLearOthelloAntonyandCleopatraCymbeline154Sonnets

ALover'sComplaint

TheRapeofLucrece

VenusandAdonis

FuneralElegybyW.S.HisWorks

KingLearKingLearstandsalongsideHamletasoneofthemostprofoundexpressionsoftragicdramainliterature.Writtenbetween1604and1605,itrepresentsShakespeareattheheightofhisdramaticpower.DrawingonancientBritishhistory,Shakespeareconstructsaplotthatreadslikeafableinitsclear-sightedbutterrifyingsimplicity.BackgroundCriticismMetaphorsofmonstrosityandperversionsofnaturestructurethedramaticaction,andtheplay'sendingremainsoneofthemostharrowinginallofShakespeare.ManyseeaprofounddespairandnihilisminKingLear,andwouldagreewithKent'sconclusionthat"All'scheerless,darkanddeadly".Otherwritershaveidentifiedaradicalbutpessimisticcritiqueofcontemporaryconceptionsofkingshipandabsolutistauthority,yetitremainsaremarkabletragedyofpublicmisjudgmentandintenselyprivategriefandanguish.CharactersKingLear

高纳里尔

Gonerill里根Regan寇蒂莉亚Cordelia康华尔公爵TheDukeofCornwall奥本尼公爵TheDukeofAlbany葛罗斯特伯爵TheEarlofGloucester爱德伽Edgar爱德蒙Edmond李尔王：不列颠国王，他是一位很专制的人物，他对他的女儿们错误的判断导致了他的失败。高纳里尔（Goneril或Gonerill）：李尔的长女，奥本尼公爵的妻子里根（Regan）：李尔的次女，康华尔公爵的妻子寇蒂莉亚（Cordelia）：李尔的三女，也是李尔最疼爱的女儿。奥本尼公爵（TheDukeofAlbany）：高纳里尔的丈夫，高纳里尔对他的“牛奶似的礼貌”不满，得知高纳里尔有意害死他后起来反对高纳里尔。康华尔公爵（TheDukeofCornwall）：里根的丈夫，在一次风暴中他将肯特伯爵推上了柴堆，将李尔放在一个火炉上，刺瞎了葛罗斯特伯爵。此后葛罗斯特伯爵的一个侍者攻击他并使他负致命伤。葛罗斯特伯爵（TheEarlofGloucester）：爱德伽和爱德蒙的父亲，爱德蒙欺骗他反对爱德伽，后来爱德伽扮装逃亡。肯特伯爵（TheEarlofKent）：李尔的忠臣，他反对李尔对寇蒂莉亚的态度后被李尔驱逐，但他扮装为仆人继续为李尔服务，只是不让李尔知道他是谁。爱德蒙（Edmund或Edmond）：葛罗斯特伯爵的私生子，他为高纳里尔和里根服务来使得自己不断上升，三人之间关系暧昧。爱德伽（Edgar）：葛罗斯特伯爵的儿子，他改装后化名为“汤姆·白德兰(TomBedlam)”，继续服侍他的瞎眼的父亲，最后他成为国王。奥斯华德（Oswald）：高纳里尔的侍者，被称为是一个“有效的坏蛋”。他试图刺杀葛罗斯特伯爵，但被爱德伽所杀。弄人（TheFool）：一个忠于李尔和寇蒂莉亚的宫廷小丑。PlotTheagingKingLeardecidestodividehiskingdomamonghisthreedaughters,allottingeachaportioninproportiontotheeloquenceofherdeclarationoflove.ThehypocriticalGonerilandReganmakegrandpronouncementsandarerewarded;Cordelia,theyoungestdaughter,whotrulylovesLear,refusestomakeaninsincerespeechtoproveherloveandisdisinherited.ThetwooldersistersmockLearandrenegeontheirpromisetosupporthim.Castout,thekingslipsintomadnessandwandersaboutaccompaniedbyhisfaithfulFool.HeisaidedbytheEarlofKent,who,thoughbanishedfromthekingdomforhavingsupportedCordelia,hasremainedinBritaindisguisedasapeasant.KenteventuallybringsLeartoCordelia,whocaresforhimandhelpshimregainhisreason.SubplotThesubplotconcernstheEarlofGloucester,wholikewisespurnshishonestson,Edgar,andbelieveshisconnivingillegitimateson,Edmund.EdmundallieshimselfwithReganandGoneriltodefendBritainagainsttheFrencharmymobilizedbyCordelia.HeturnshisfatherovertoCornwall—whogougesoutGloucester'seyes—thenimprisonsCordeliaandLear,butheisdefeatedinbattlebyEdgar.JealousofEdmund'sromanticattentionstoRegan,Gonerilpoisonsherandcommitssuicide.Cordeliaishanged.Lear,broken,dieswithherbodyinhisarms.KingLearandtheFoolintheStormKingLearmournsCordelia'sdeathRoleAnalysisLear'sspiritualprogressEarlofGloucesterEdgarandAlbanyLear'sspiritualprogressThevariousstagesofLear'sspiritualprogress(akindof“conversion”)arecarefullymarked.Helearnsthevalueofpatienceandtheworthof“unaccommodatedman.”Hebeginstorealizehisownfaultsasakingandalmostunderstandshisfailureasafather.Hebeginstofeelforthe“poornakedwretches”andconfesses,“O,Ihaveta'en/Toolittlecareofthis.”Hisinstabilityofmind,almostapredispositiontomadness,isshownfromthebeginning.Histerribleragesandcurses,firstuponCordeliaandlateruponGonerilandRegan,andhisrantingandtyrannicallanguageallforeshadowhisbreakdown.Hisfaithfulcounselorisplainwithhim:“BeKentunmannerly/WhenLearismad”;andhisdaughtersshrewdlyjudgehim:“hehatheverbutslenderlyknownhimself.”Heispainfullyconsciousofapproachingmadness,butgraduallythebombastofhissanitygivesplacetoaremarkablekindofeloquence,flowingeasilyandneverincoherent.His“ravings”areintelligibletotheaudience,howeverperturbingtheymayseemtotheothercharactersonthestage.Theyexpressapointofviewthat,hadheunderstooditearlier,wouldhavesavedhimfrommanyerrorsofjudgment.ThemodeofspeechofthemadkingcontrastsstronglywiththecongenitalinconsequentialityofhisFoolandtheassumedmadnessofEdgaras“PoorTom.”EarlofGloucesterKingLear'ssubplotfocusesonthefortunesofGloucester—anotherfathersufferingfrom“filialingratitude”andfromhisfalsejudgmentofthecharactersofhischildren.Thissubplotisintroducedintheopeningscene,insomedetail,asifitwereofasmuchimportanceasthemainplot.ThestagesbywhichGloucestersimilarlylearnsbysufferingareclearlyindicated.Hebeginsbybeingthecheerfulsinner,butgraduallyhissenseofpityanddutybecomestronger,andherevealshimselftoEdmund:“IfIdiefor't,asnolessisthreatenedme,/theKingmyoldmastermustberelieved.”ThisrevelationofhisgoodintentionstothetreacherousEdmundleadsdirectlytohisdownfallandtohisbeingblinded.EdgarandAlbanyTwoofthe“good”characters,EdgarandAlbany(Goneril'shusband),alsogrowinmoralstatureandstrengthinthecourseoftheplay.Atfirst,Edgarseemsratherineffectual,quiteunabletocopewiththevillainyofhishalfbrotherEdmund;buteventuallyheemergesasastrongcharacter,confirmedbysufferingandbycompassion,abletofightandovercomeEdmundintheordealatarms;andeve