2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练

2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练39

Poetry,polar,pose,precisely,prior,priority,proceed,professional

【核心提示】

poetryn［U］诗歌

polaradj极地的；近极地的

posevi摆好姿势；佯装；n［C］姿势；姿态；假装

preciselyadv精确地；确切地；恰好

prioradj先前的；早前的

priorityn［C］优先事项；［U］优先权

proceedvi继续；继续做；继续进行

professionaladj职业的；专业的；n［C］专业人士；职业选手

一、单项选择

1.ThesebookswillbehelpfultothosewhowishtoimprovetheirEnglish.

A.preciselyB.particularly

C.generallyD.honestly

2.Thequestionnairetakestentofifteenminutestocompleteandcanbeusedalongwiththeassessment

interview.

A.mainlyB.exactly

C.approximatelyD.precisely

3.Theviruscamewithoutpeople'sbeingawareofitanditwasassumedtobeacommonone.Butwith

morecasesreported,itprovedwrong.

A.preciselyB.relativelyC.initiallyD.purely

4.Theconstructionworkerscompletedthebridgethreemonthstimeandwerepraisedbythelocalpeople.

A.inaccordancewithB.infrontofC.aheadofD.priorto

5.LocalslivedinratherconditionsuntilthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949.

A.preciousB.primitive

C.preciseD.prior

6.Nowadaysthefortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandsceneiy.

A.priorityB.potentialC.powerD.pension

7.Thesuggestionsdeservesupportastheneedsofchildrenshouldbegivento.

A.priorityB.preference

C.privilegeD.promotion

8.ThegoodnewsthathegotatoSeniorEditorbroughtgreathappinesstohisfamily.

A.prospectB.promotionC.priorityD.privilege

9.Therewasadeep-rootedraciallongbeforethetwocountriesbecamerivalsandwenttowar.

A.proportionB.priorityC.prejudiceD.prescription

10.Rememberthatisbetterthancure,sobrushyourteethatleasttwiceadayandvisityourdentistfor

regularcheck-ups.

A.priorityB.privilege

C.principleD.prevention

11.Eco-environmentTayshaunhasendeavorednottoonenvironmentalprotectionduringindustrial

development.

A.concentrateB.compromise

C.proceedD.complain

12.Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstothemselves.

A.pretendB.preventC.protectD.proceed

13.The9thASEMSummit,heldinLaosinNovember2012,wasaimedatdevelopingAsia-Europecooperationto

worldeconomicgrowth.

A.demonstrateB.promoteC.dominateD.proceed

14.Thematchwillbeheldintwogroups:thegroupandtheamateurone.

A.specialB.professional

C.normalD.regular

15.Theseworkersareforcleaningthehouse.

A.proudB.professionalC.curiousD.responsible

二、阅读理解

Polarbearsareoneofthemostpopularanimalsforpeople.Polarbearsaredifferentfromeveryotherbearin

theworld.Thisisbecausepolarbearshavewhitefur.However,therearemanyfactsaboutpolarbearsthatpeople

mightnotbeawareof.

Theskinofpolarbearsisblack,whichaccordingtoallowsthemtoabsorbmoreheatfromthe

sun.Polarbearfuristransparent,becauseitismadeupofhollowguardhairs.Lexplainsthatthereason

polarbearsdisplaywhitefuristhatwhenthesunhitsthefur,thehollowspacesinthehairscatterthelight.Since

noneofthelightisabsorbed,thelightreflectedbackappearswhitetohumaneyes.

Polarbears'conservationstatusisconsideredclosetoextinction.Globalwanningisconsideredthemaincause

ofthedeclineinpolarpopulation.Polarbearsuseicefloatstohuntfortheirfood.However,theseicefloatsare

meltingsopolarbearsarestartingtodrowninthesearchforfood,andthefoodisbecomingmoredifficulttoget.

Contrarytopopularbelief,polarbearsdonoteatpenguins,becausepolarbearsarenotfoundintheAntarctic

regionoftheworld.PolarbearsareonlyfoundaroundtheArcticCircle.Polarbearsdonotdrinkwater.Theygetall

thewatertheyneedfromthepreytheyeat.

FES.Govspecifiesthatpolarbearsareconsideredthelargestlandcarnivores（食肉动物）intheworld.The

polarbearweightrangesbetween700—1,500pounds.Sincethepolarbearhabitatismeltingaway,theirmain

evolutionaryadvantagesarefading.Polarbearsarenotabletousetheircamouflage（伪装）tofindpreyinhabitats

notcoveredwithsnow.Polarbearsdonothibernate（冬眠）.However,whentheweathergetsuncomfortable,or

mothersgivebirth,polarbearswilldigthemselvesahiddenhome.

Whatcanwedotohelpsavethepolarbears?WecandonatetoorganizationsliketheWorldWildlifeFund,

reduceourcarbonfootprint,andsendletterstopoliticiansexplainingtothemthatweneedtosetupmorepreserves

tohelpsavethepolarbearhabitat.

16.Whatdoweknowaboutthefurofthepolarbears?

A.Itabsorbsmoreheatfromthesun.

B.Itisblackandhollow.

C.Lightcanpassthroughit.

D.Itiswhiteactually.

17.Whatdoes“mainevolutionaryadvantages^^inParagraph4referto?

A.HibernationhabitB.Thefunctionoftheirfur

C.EatingmeatD.Theirweight

18.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?

A.Polarbearsfacedangerduetothemeltingoficefloats.

B.Thebiggestpolarbearsweighabout1,000pounds.

C.Polarbearsneverhibernateanddonotneedwater.

D.Polarbearsarethelargestcarnivoresintheworld.

19.WhichofthefollowingwaysisNOTthemeasureusedtoprotectpolarbearsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Donatingtowildlifeconservationorganizations.

B.Tryingourbesttoreducegreenhousegases.

C.Writingletterstomakepeopleprotectpolarbears.

D.Settingupmorepolarbearconservationorganizations.

三、语法填空

1

Classical(古典的)ChinesepoetryistraditionalChinesepoetry20.(write)inclassicalChineseandisasymbol

oftraditionalculture.ManyJ2L.(poem)comefromparticularhistoricalperiods,suchasthepoetryoftheTang

DynastyandtheverseoftheSongDynasty.22.(it)historydatesbacktoatleastasearlyasthepublicationofthe

ClassicofPoetiyorShijing.Thereare23.(difference)combinations(组合)offormsandgenres,mostof24,

appearedattheendoftheTangDynasty.

ThedevelopmentofClassicalChinesepoetry25,(active)continuedupto1919,whentheMayFourth

Movement26,(take)place,anditisstillpopulareventoday.ClassicalChinesepoetrycreatedduringthis2,500—

yearperiodhasbeendevelopingcontinuously,producingagreatdealofdiversity—classifiedbybothmajor

historicalperiods27.dynasticperiods.

OneofthekeypartsofClassicalChinesepoetiyisitsclose28,(connect)withotherformsofChineseartsuch

asChinesepaintingandChinesecalligraphy(书法).ClassicalChinesepoetryhasbeenproventohaveastrong

influence29,poetiyworldwide.

2

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditionally,weusuallygetageneralimpressionof30.(stranger)bythewaytheyshakehands,talk,or

walk.However,intheageofsocialnetworking,firstimpressionsaresometimesmade31.lookingattheirprofile

photosonsocialplatformslikeTwitterorWeChat.

Thesesocialimagessayalotaboutourpersonality,accordingtoarecentstudy,in32.researchersuseda

softwaretoanalyzetheprofilephotostofindoutwhethertherewasaconnectionbetweenaperson'spersonality

andhisprofilephoto.

Theresultrevealsthatopen-mindedpeoplearemorelikely33.(pose)withanobjectintheirprofilephotos.

Their34.(excite)facescantellhowmuchtheyenjoytheirexperiences.Meanwhile,neurotic(神经质的)people

tendtochoosephotosofobjectsratherthanselfiestoavoid35.(look)toomiserablebecauseofthestrongsocial

practiceagainstasadorangry36.(appear)inprofilephotos.

Apartfromtheobjectsinprofilephotos,thecolorsusedinthemalsoshow37.outgoingtheowneris.For

example,extroverts(性格外I可者)38.(find)tohavethemostcolorfulprofileimages,astheywanttoemphasize

theirpersonality.

Nexttimechoosingaprofilephoto,maybeweshouldask39.(we)firstwhatkindofimagewe'dliketo

convey.Afterall,apictureisworthathousandwords.

3

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Haven'tyoualwayswonderedwhythebeginningandtheendofthepresentschoolyeardon?tlineupwiththe

calendaryear?Well,40.answermightsurpriseyou:theschoolyearactually41.(date)backtothetimewhen

thefarmingscheduletook42.(prior)overeverythingelse-evenschooling.

Farmingcanonlybedoneinspring,summer,andfall.Familiesneededkids'help,sotheirschoolingtook

placeinthecoldermonths43.nothingcouldbeplantedorharvested.Thuskidscouldhelpwithfarmduties

duringbusyseasons.

Largecitiesoperated44.(different).Becausepeopletheredidn'trelyonfarming45.(earn)aliving,kids

couldgotoschoolallyearroundandtakeafewshortvacationsthroughout.

Wheneducationstartedtobecomemorevaluableinsociety,much46.(strict)ruleshadtobemadesothat

therewouldbemoreuniformityintheschoolsystem.In1852,Massachusettsbecamethefirststatetoenacta

compulsorypubliclaw,makingitcompulsoryJT^bothruralareasandurbanareastoofferschooling.Parents482.

(fine)iftheydidn'tsendchildrentoschools.

ShortlyafterMassachusettsenactedthelaw,acompromise49.(make)betweenurbanandruralschool

systemslettheschoolyearstartinthefallsokidscouldhelpwithfarmingduringthesummer.

四、七选五

Howtobecomeaprofessionalathlete

Everyonewantstobeasuperstarathlete.However,thereisalotofcompetitiontomakeit.Soifyouwantto

beaprofessionalathlete,youhavetoknowallthetricksofthetradetoriseupabovetherest.

50.

Toplayyoursportbetterthananyoneelse,youhavetopracticeyourskillswithlotsofrepetition.Forexample,

youhavetoshoot100freethrowseverydayforbasketball.

Makesteadyimprovements

Ifyouareabaseballpitcher（投手）andyourfastballisstuckatabout60milesperhour,changeitup!Tryto

walkyourfirststepalittlebitlonger,bringinyourelbowalittlebittighter,ortrytoreachhigherwhenyou're

followingthrough.51.

Qualitycoaches

Haveyouevernoticedthatalotofkidswithparentswhoareprofessionalathleteswilloftenbecome

professionalathletesinthesamesport?Theyhaveaccesstoaprofessionalathlete'stipsandtricks.52.You

shouldtrytofindcoachesorprofessionalathletesthatarewillingtoansweryourquestions.

Dietofchampions

53.Ifyoucanchangeyourdiettoahealthyone,you'regoingtobestronger.

Friendsandenemies

54.Byhavinggreatteammatesorcompetitors,itpushesyoutotryharderandthatalwaysresultsingetting

better.

A.Practicemakesperfect

B.Betterlatethannever

C.Thebigsecrettoadvancingyourskillsaboveanyoneelseistoimprove.

D.Thebiggestthingthatmostkidsoftenignoreistheirdiet.

E.Surroundingyourselfwithqualityteammatesandcompetitorsisthebestwaytogetbetter.

F.Theselittleimprovementsarethingsthatwillhelpyouadvanceyourskills.

G.Butdon'tgetdiscouragedifyoudon'thaveparentswhowereprofessionalathletes.

答案与解析

l.B

【解析】考查副词。句意：这些书对于那些想要提高自己英语水平的人来说，特别地有帮助。A.precisely

精确地；B.particularly特别地；C.generally一般地；D.honestly真诚地，根据语境，选B。

2.C

【解析】这里意思是“问卷大约需要10至15分钟完成并能够和评价采访一起使用”，应选择

叩proximately“大约地"。mainly“主要地"，exactly”确切地"，precisely”精确地"。所以选C。

3.C

【解析】试题分析：考查副词辨析。A.精准地B.相对地C.开始地；最初D.单纯地。句意：人们没有意

识到感染了病毒，最初以为它是种常见病毒。但据报导的案例证明这是错误的看法。故选C。

4.C

【解析】考查词组意思inaccordancewith意思“依照"，infrontof意思“在...前面”，aheadof意思“提前”,

priorto意思“较早的”,根据意思,所以选C

5.B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人的生活很落后直到1949年中华人民共和国的成立。A.precious

宝贵的；B.primitive落后的；C.precise精确的；D.prior优先的。根据后文untilthefoundingofthePeople's

RepublicofChinainl949,可知，直到1949年中华人民共和国的成立，之前当地人生活很落后，故选B。

6.A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：现在旅行优先考虑的事情已从购物转到食物和风景。A.priority优先考虑的

事情；B.potential潜力；C.power权利;力量；D.pension退休金。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”，

故选Ao

7.A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这些建议值得支持，因为孩子的需求应该被优先考虑。priority优先考虑；

preference偏爱；privilege特权；promotion促进，提升。故选A。

8.B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A.prospect

前途；B.promotion升职，晋升；C.priority优先权；D.privilege特权。结合后文toSeniorEditorbroughtgreat

happinesstohisfamily.可知此处指晋升(promotion)为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get

apromotion“得至IJ晋升:故选B。

9.C

【解析】句意：早在两国成为对手并开战之前，就有根深蒂固的种族偏见。A.proportion比例，占比，B.priority

优先权；优先,C.prejudice偏见，D.prescription药方；指示，根据句意可知C正确。

10.D

【解析】试题分析：考查名词。A.priority优先，优先权；B.privilege特权；C.principle原则；D.prevention

预防。句意：记住，预防胜于补救，所以每天至少要刷两次牙，并且要定期做牙科检查。故选D。

11.B

【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义辨析。A.集中注意力；B.妥协；C.前进，前行；D.抱怨。句意：环保

城市Tayshaun努力做到不因为工业发展而在环境方面做出妥协。故选B。

12.C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些昆虫会利用周围环境的颜色来保护自己。A.pretend假装；B.prevent

阻止；C.protect保护；D.proceed继续。根据常识可知，有些昆虫会利用周围环境的颜色来保护自己。故选

Co

13.B

【解析】试题分析：句意，第九届亚欧高峰会议于2012年11月在老挝召开，强调亚欧双边合作，促进世

界经济的增长。Demonstrate证实promote促进dominate控制proceed前进，根据题意，故选B。

14.B

【解析】试题分析：考查形容词含义。句意：比赛将在两个队之间举行：专业组和业余组。A.特殊的；B.专

业的；C.正常的；D.有规律的。因此选Bo

15.D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：这些工人负责打扫房子。A.proud自豪的；B.professional专业的；C.curious

好奇的；D.responsible负责任的,可靠的。短语beresponsiblefbr"对,负责”,由cleaningthehouse可知符

合题意。故选D项。

—•、

【答案】16.B17.B18.A19.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了有关北极熊的相关问题，讲述了北极熊皮毛为什么会呈

现白色，以及随着全球气候变暖，北极熊生存环境艰难，濒临灭绝的情况。

16.细节理解题。根据"Theskinofpolarbearsisblack,whichaccordingtoallows

themtoabsorbmoreheatfromthesun.Polarbearfuristransparent,becauseitismadeupofhollow

guardhairs",可知北极熊的皮毛是黑色中空的。故选B。

17.细节理解题。根据"Sincethepolarbearhabitatismeltingaway,theirmainevolutionary

advantagesarefading.Polarbearsarenotabletousetheircamouflage（伪装）tofindpreyinhabitats

notcoveredwithsnow5,,可知北极熊的栖息地正在融化，北极熊就不能用自己的皮毛进行伪装。

趣Bo

18.细节理解题。根据“Sincethepolarbearhabitatismeltingaway,theirmainevolutionary

advantagesarefading.Polarbearsarenotabletousetheircamouflage（伪装）tofindpreyinhabitats

notcoveredwithsnow99,可知，由于冰融化，北极熊面临生存危机。故选A。

19.细节理解题。根据“Whatcanwedotohelpsavethepolarbears?Wecandonatetoorganizations

liketheWorldWildlifeFund,reduceourcarbonfootprint,andsendletterstopoliticiansexplaining

tothemthatweneedtosetupmorepreservestohelpsavethepolarbearhabitat”,可知,我们可以

通过给野生动物组织捐款、减少温室气体的排放以及写信呼吁人们保护北极熊等措施来保护北极

熊。故选Do

三、

1

【答案】20.written

21.poems

22.Its

23.different

24.which

25.actively

26.took

27.and

28.connection

29.on/upon

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古典诗歌的发展历史。

20.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古典诗歌是用文言文写的中国传统诗歌。write与poetry是逻辑上的动宾

关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填written。

21.考查名词。句意：许多诗歌来自特定的历史时期。many修饰可数名词复数，故填poemso

22.考查代词。句意：它的历史至少可以追溯到《诗经》的出版。修饰名词h运tory用形容词性物主代词，

故填ItSo

23.考查形容词。句意：形式和体裁有不同的组合，其中大部分出现在唐朝末期。修饰名词combinations用形

容词，故填differento

24.考查非限定性定语从句。句意参考上题解析，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词formsand

genres并在从句中作of的宾语，应填which。

25.考查副词。句意：中国古典诗歌的发展一直活跃到1919年五四运动爆发时。修饰动词continued用副词，

故填actively«

26.考查时态。句意参考上题解析，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填took。

27.考查连词。句意：中国诗歌在这2500年里不断发展，产生了大量的多样性，分为主要的历史时期和王

朝时期。both...and…表示"两者都、既……又"，故填and。

28.考查名词。句意：中国古典诗歌的一个重要部分是它与中国其他艺术形式的紧密联系。形容词close修

饰名词，故填connection,

29.考查固定搭配。句意：中国古典诗歌已被证明对世界诗歌产生了巨大影响。havea(n)...influenceon/upon...

表示“对...有....影响“，故填on/uporio

2

【答案】30.strangers

31.by

32.which

33.topose

34.excited

35.looking

36.appearance

37.how

38.arefound

39.ourselves

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，这些社交图片很好地反映了我们的性格。在这项研究

中，研究人员使用一款软件来分析个人资料照片，以找出一个人的性格和他的个人资料照片之间是否存在

联系。

30.考查名词复数。句意：传统上，我们通常通过陌生人握手、交谈或走路的方式对他们有一个大致的印象。结合

句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为strangers。

31.考查介词。句意：然而，在社交网络时代，第一印象有时是通过查看他们在Twitter或微信等社交平台

上的个人资料照片。介词by+doingsth.“通过做某事”，故答案为by。

32.考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：根据最近的一项研究，这些社交图片很好地反映了我们的

性格。在这项研究中，研究人员使用一款软件来分析个人资料照片，以找出一个人的性格和他的个人资料

照片之间是否存在联系。介词+关系代词Which（指物）引导定语从句；介词+关系代词whom（指人）引导

定语从句。此处study是先行词，指物，所以在介词in后面用关系代词which引导定语从句。故答案为which。

33.考查固定结构。句意：研究结果显示，心胸开阔的人更有可能在个人资料照片中与某个物体合影。固定

结构：belikelytodosth.“很可能做某事”。故答案为topose。

34.考查过去分词作定语。句意：他们兴奋的脸能告诉我们他们有多享受这次经历。此处表示“感到兴奋的

脸“，是过去分词作前置定语，故答案为excited。

35.考查固定搭配。此处动词avoid后跟动名词作宾语，故答案为looking,

36.考查词形转换。此处angry“生气的”，是形容词，修饰名词，故答案为appearance0

37.考查宾语从句。句意：除了个人资料照片中的对象外，照片中使用的颜色也显示了主人的外向程度。此

处动词show后面是一个宾语从句，结合句意答案为how。

38.考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：例如，外向的人拥有最丰富多彩的个人资料图片，因为他们想要

强调自己的个性。此处指的是一种客观事实，且句子主语extroverts是复数形式，与谓语动词find之间是一

种被动关系，所以这里用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为arefound。

39.考查反身代词。句意：下次选择个人资料照片时，也许我们应该先问问自己想要传达什么样的形象。句

中主语和宾语一致，宾语用反身代词，askonesel*问某人自己”，结合句意可知此处用反身代词作宾语，故答

案为ourselveso

3

【答案】40.the

41.dates

42.priority

43.when

44.differently

45.toearn

46.stricter

47.for

48.wouldbefined

49.made

【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了城市和农村开学时间不一致，后来官方出台法律政策后城市和农

村学校达成一致，使学年从秋天开始，这样农村的孩子们就可以在夏天帮助耕种。

40.考查冠词。句意：这个问题的答案可能会让你感到惊讶。此处指的是前面问题的答案，为特指意义。故

填the.

41.考查时态和主谓一致。datebackto：追溯到……，从……开始。它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时

态，尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间。主语是theschoolyear,谓语动词使用单数形式。故填dates。

42.考查固定短语。prior：先前的,较早的。takepriorityover：优先于。take后面使用prior的名词priority

来作宾语，此处表示“耕种优先于其他一切事情，甚至上学“。故填priorityo

43.考查定语从句的引导词。句意：家庭需要孩子的帮助，因此他们的上学时间是在寒冷的几个月里，那时

无法种下或收割任何东西。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词coldermonths在从句中作状

语，应使用when引导定语从句。故填when.

44.考查副词。句意：大城市的运作方式有所不同。different的副词在句子中作状语修饰谓语动词operatedo故

填differently»

45