高考英语一轮复习练案20必修4Module2TrafficJam练习含解析外研版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修四Module2TrafficJamⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·安徽省合肥一中等六校教育研究会第二次联考)TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardworknotoutsideforcedecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲观的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4­yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster'sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability(稳定)hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh­schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook(支票簿),arethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。美国《国家期刊》最近的一项关于美国梦的民意调查表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。他们认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。1．ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohaveB.A．asenseofdriveandpurposeB．anadvancedacademicdegreeC．afirmbeliefintheirdreamD．anambitiontogetahead〖解析〗细节理解题。由第一段“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.”可知，更具体地说，他们就如何在美国获得成功达成了一致的意见：接受大学教育，找到一份稳定的工作，买他们自己的房子。所以过去人们普遍认为，要想在美国取得成功，就必须有高学位。故B选项正确。2．WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream？DA．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B．ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C．AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.D．Americans'ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.〖解析〗推理判断题。由第二段“theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.”可知，显然，结果表明，今天美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素看起来与20世纪晚期有很大的不同。所以判断出《国家期刊》关于美国梦的最新调查结果表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。故D选项正确。3．WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess？DA．Itstillremainsopentodebate.B．Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.C．Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.D．Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.〖解析〗推理判断题。由第三段“Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲观的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4­yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.”可知，在过去的七年里，美国人对教育决定成功越来越悲观。尽管他们认为上大学是一个相当容易实现的目标，但是52%的人认为年轻人不需要四年的大学教育就能成功。所以判断出美国人认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。故D选项正确。4．Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays？AA．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.B．Itneedstobestrengthened.C．Itwidensculturaldiversity.D．Itpromotesgenderequality.〖解析〗推理判断题。由最后一段“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可知，虽然像Maeda这样的一些人强调学位的价值而不是教育本身的价值，但其他人仍然把大学视为获得新观点和生活经验的一种方式。所以判断出，现在一些人认为大学教育有助于开阔他们的视野。故A选项正确。B(2020·湖北武汉市高三调研)AsIwashdishesatthekitchensink,myhusband,Scott,pacesbehindme,annoyed.“Haveyouseenmykeys？”heasks.InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.Butthatonlymadehimangrier.Now,Ifocusonthewetdishinmyhands.Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniqueIlearnedfromadolphintrainer.ForabookIwaswritingaboutanimaltrainers'school,Istartedspendingmydayswatchingprofessionaltrainersdotheseeminglyimpossible:teachingdogstodanceoncommandandchimpstoskateboard.Eventuallyithitmethatthesametechniquesmightworkonthatstubbornbutlovablespecies,theAmericanhusband.ThecentrallessonIlearnedisthatIshouldrewardbehaviourIlikeandignorebehaviourIdon't.Afterall,youdon'tgetasealiontobalanceaballontheendofitsnosebytalking.ThesamegoesfortheAmericanhusband.IbeganthankingScottifhethrewonedirtyshirtintothelaundrybasket.Ifhethrewintwo,I'dkisshim.Iwasusingwhattrainerscall“approximations”，rewardingthesmallstepstowardlearningawholenewbehaviour.WithScottthehusband,Ibegantopraiseeverysmallacteverytime:ifhedrovejustamileanhourslower,orwasontimeforanything.IfollowedthestudentstoSeaWorldSanDiego,whereadolphintrainerintroducedmetoLeastReinforcingScenario(LRS)．Whenadolphindoessomethingwrong,thetrainerdoesn'trespondinanyway.Theideaisthatanyresponse,positiveornegative,fuelsabehaviour.Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse,ittypicallydiesaway.Itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforehewasagainsearchingforhiskeys,atwhichpointIsaidnothingandkeptatwhatIwasdoing.Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm,butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫在找不到钥匙时总是朝“我”嚷嚷，“我”想到了训练海豚的方法：对不乐意见到的行为视而不见，海豚会逐渐理解并成功完成人们希望的动作。于是“我”对丈夫的行为不理不睬，不久他就找到了钥匙。此时“我”真想奖励给他一条小鱼……5．Whatcanweinferaboutthewriter？CA．Shetreatsherhusbandlikeanimals.B．Sheoftenquarrelswithherhusband.C．Shebehavesdifferentlytoherhusband.D．She'sdeterminedtolearnfromthedolphin.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.”可知，在过去，“我”会关掉水龙头，在安慰丈夫的同时帮他一起寻找钥匙。根据第一段最后三句“Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniquellearnedfromadolphintrainer.”可知，这一次“我”没有转身，不说一句话，“我”在使用从海豚训练员那里学到的方法。据此可以判断，“我”对待丈夫的方法发生了改变。故C项正确。6．Howdidthewritergettheideaoftreatingherhusband？CA．Byrewardingherhusband.B．Bywritingabookonanimals.C．Bywatchingprofessionaltraining.D．Byfocusingonwashingthedishes.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，为了写一本关于动物驯兽师学校的书，“我”开始每天观看专业驯兽师做着看似不可能做到的事情：教狗根据命令跳舞，教黑猩猩学滑板，而“我”也从观看驯兽师的专业训练中得到了如何对待“我”的丈夫的启示。故C项正确。7．Whatwillhappenifthetrainerdoesn'trespondtothedolphin'smistake？BA．Itwillfeelembarrassed.B．Itwillforgetthemistake.C．Itwillrememberitsmistake.D．Itwillrepeatthewrongaction.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse，ittypicallydiesaway.”可知，如果海豚的错误行为得不到回应，则它将忘掉这种行为。故B项正确。8．Whatisthetoneofthetext？AA．Humorous. B．Serious.C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm，butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.”可知，“我”保持冷静需要自制力，但立刻就有了效果。“我”想要给他扔一条小鱼以示奖励。结合全文内容可知，文中作者将丈夫比喻成接受训练的海豚，据此可以判断，本文的语气诙谐幽默。故A项正确。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Summeristheperfecttimetorelax.Asyouplanforyourtrip,herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourself.1.FFightagainstthemosquitoesinthehotspots.Therearemanymosquito­borneillnessesintropicalregions，whicharetraditionallyvacationhotspots.Therefore,mosquitorepellent(驱蚊剂)thatcontainsDEETshouldbeanessentialiteminyourtravelbag.2.AInlesser­developedcountriesthereislessequipmentforcleanwaterandpublichealth.Ifyoucan'tavoidunhealthfulwater,makesureyoubringalongateaorcoffee­makingpotthatwillboilwaterforyou.You'dbetterbuyacaseortwoofwaterandcheckthatallbottlecapsaresealedtoassurethebottledwaterisn'tjustarefilledbottleofdirtytapwater.Alwaysprotectyourfeet.It'sbesttowearslippersintheshower,butifyoumustbebarefoot,putatoweldownonthefloor.3.GYoushouldneverwalkbarefootinanyareaofaforeigncountry,includingyourhotelroom.Besuretoeatsafefruits.4.BTheymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater,orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.Thebestadviceistobringyourownpeeler(削皮器)sothatyouknowthatsomethingcleanhasbeenappliedtothefruit.Enjoythesmellofroadsidestands,notthefood.Unlessthefoodispipinghotwhenserved,it'sbesttostayawayfromroadsidestands,nomatterhowgoodthesmellofthefoodmightbe.Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean,orderthefoodtogo.5.DA．Don'ttrustthelocalwater.B．Anyfruitservedfreshmaybepolluted.C．Lookoutforanywaternotservedinabottle.D．Theboxesmaybecleanerthantheplateorforkonthetable.E．Youshouldknowhowtokeepyourselfawayfromdirtyfruits.F．Theyarenecessarytoavoidcomingbackwithamajorillnessfromyourtrip.G．Parasites(寄生虫)canentertheskinofyourfeetandtraveltodifferentpartsofthebody.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。就旅行时如何进行自我保护提出一些建议。〖解析〗1．空处上文提到，夏天是放松的最佳时间，如果你准备去旅行，这里有一些关于如何保护你自己的建议，并且下文是具体的建议。因此F项“它们对于避免旅行后带着大病回来是有必要的。”，在这里起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。2．本空为段落标题。根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在一些欠发达的国家，制造干净的水的设备比较少，所以你要自己做一些准备。由此可知应选A项。3．根据本段标题“Alwaysprotectyourfeet.”以及空后的“Youshouldneverwalkbarefoot”可知，本段主要讲述的是在旅途中要保护自己的脚。故G项“寄生虫可以进入你脚部的皮肤，并到达身体的不同部位。”符合语境。4．根据本段标题“Besuretoeatsafefruits.”以及空处后一句“Theymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater，orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.”可知，B项“任何新鲜的水果都可能是被污染的。”符合语境。故选B项。5．根据本段标题以及空处前一句“Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean，orderthefoodtogo.”可知，D项“这些盒子可能比桌子上的盘子或叉子更干净。”符合语境。故选D项。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021·河南省南阳市一中月考)Upto82percentofchildrenwithhealthymothersarenoteasytobeobese(肥胖的),accordingtoresearch.Amother,1.whohasahealthyweight,exercisesregularly,eatsahealthydiet,doesn'tsmokeandonly2.drinks(drink)wineinmoderation,issignificantlylesslikely3.tohave(have)afatchild,scientistssay.Andresearchsuggestsitcouldbemoretodowithnurture(养育)4.thannature,asamother'slifestyleappears5.directly(direct)linkedtothehealthofherchild.Whenbothmotherandchildfollowahealthylifestyle,theriskofobesity6.isreduced(reduce)evenmore,thestudyofmorethan24,000childrenfound.Thestudyexaminedthemedicalhistoryandlifestylesofmorethan24,000childrenagednine7.tofourteen,borntoalmost17,000womenintheUS.Researcherslookedatthelinkbetweenoverallmotherhealthandlikelihoodofachild8.being(be)obese.Themother'shealthwasjudgedonherheight­to­weightratio(比例),herdiet,amountofphysical9.activity(active),smokingstatusandhowmuchalcoholshedrank.Ahealthyweightanddiet,regularexercise,nosmokingandmoderatedrinkingallreducethechanceofawomanhaving10.anobesechild.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了研究发现健康的体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生肥胖孩子的概率。〖解析〗1．考查定语从句。句意：专家称，一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟、适量饮酒的母亲生出肥胖孩子的可能性要小得多。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为mother，指人，关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。2．考查主谓一致和时态。句意参考上题〖解析〗。此处与has，exercises和eats等作并列谓语，时态为一般现在时，应该用第三人称单数形式。故填drinks。3．考查不定式。句意参考第1题〖解析〗。belikelytodo表示“可能做某事”。故填tohave。4．考查介词。句意：研究表明，这可能更多地与后天因素有关，而不是先天因素，因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据前面的“more”判断此处用than表示比较。故填than。5．考查副词。句意参考上题〖解析〗。修饰linked用副词。故填directly。6．考查时态和语态。句意：这项对24000名儿童进行的研究发现，当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时，肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。描述的是客观事实，theriskofobesity与reduce之间是被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填isreduced。7．考查介词。这项研究调查了美国近17000名妇女所生24000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填to。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系。此处为动名词的复合结构作介词of的宾语。其中child是逻辑主语，动名词短语beingobese是逻辑谓语。故填being。9．考查名词。句意：母亲的健康状况由身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素决定。此处的运动表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填activity。10．考查冠词。句意：健康体重和饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生一个肥胖孩子的概率。此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子，obese以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词an。Ⅳ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2020·洛阳市第一次联考)WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.Seetheimagesoficemeltingandthepolarbearshabitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ibegintorealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecansavetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheimmediateagreedtogetit.Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwastepapersandplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,soIfeellikeIammakingthebigdifference.〖答案〗WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwatchedamovieaboutglobalwarming.eq\o(See,\s\do8(Seeing))theimagesoficemeltingandthepolareq\o(bears,\s\do8(bears'))habitatbeingdestroyedmademedisappointed.Ieq\o(begin,\s\do8(began))torealizeitwasimportanttodowhatwecaneq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))savetheenvironment.Iaskedmymomtobuyabluerecyclingbin.Andsheeq\o(immediate,\s\do8(immediately))agreedtogeteq\o(it,\s\do8(one)).Besides,shegotformeablackonefortrash.Inowhavearecyclingbinforwasteeq\o(papers,\s\do8(paper))andplasticbottlesinmyroom.Imaybejustoneperson,eq\o(so,\s\do8(but/yet))IfeellikeIammakingeq\o(the,\s\do8(a))bigdifference.〖解析〗1．考查非谓语动词。看到那些冰融化和北极熊的栖息地遭受破坏的影像，“我”感到失望。此处应用动名词短语作主语。故将See改为Seeing。2．考查名词所有格。此处指北极熊的栖息地。故此处应用名词的所有格bears'。3．考查动词的时态。此处叙述的事发生在“我”上小学的时候。故用一般过去时。故将begin改为began。4．考查非谓语动词。“我”开始意识到为了拯救环境，去做我们能够做的事情是重要的。此处用动词不定式表示目的。故在save前加to。5．考查副词。母亲立即答应购买一个。此处修饰动词应用副词。故用immediately。6．上文中的“abluerecyclingbin”为泛指。故此处用表示泛指的代词one。7．考查介词。getsb.sth.“给某人某物”为固定搭配。故此处删除for。8．考查名词。wastepaper表示“废纸”，为不可数名词。故将papers改为paper。9．考查连词。虽然“我”仅仅是一个人，但“我”感觉“我”做的事情意义重大。根据句意可知前后形成转折关系。故此处改为but/yet。10．考查冠词。makeabigdifference表示“有重大影响；意义重大”。故将the改为a。必修四Module2TrafficJamⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·安徽省合肥一中等六校教育研究会第二次联考)TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardworknotoutsideforcedecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲观的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4­yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster'sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstability(稳定)hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh­schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook(支票簿),arethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.文章大意：这是一篇新闻报道。美国《国家期刊》最近的一项关于美国梦的民意调查表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。他们认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。1．ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohaveB.A．asenseofdriveandpurposeB．anadvancedacademicdegreeC．afirmbeliefintheirdreamD．anambitiontogetahead〖解析〗细节理解题。由第一段“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.”可知，更具体地说，他们就如何在美国获得成功达成了一致的意见：接受大学教育，找到一份稳定的工作，买他们自己的房子。所以过去人们普遍认为，要想在美国取得成功，就必须有高学位。故B选项正确。2．WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream？DA．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B．ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C．AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.D．Americans'ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.〖解析〗推理判断题。由第二段“theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhatittakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.”可知，显然，结果表明，今天美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素看起来与20世纪晚期有很大的不同。所以判断出《国家期刊》关于美国梦的最新调查结果表明在过去的几十年里，美国人的美国梦的理念和实现它所需要的因素发生了变化。故D选项正确。3．WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess？DA．Itstillremainsopentodebate.B．Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.C．Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.D．Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.〖解析〗推理判断题。由第三段“Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic(悲观的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority52percentthinkthatyoungpeopledonotneeda4­yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.”可知，在过去的七年里，美国人对教育决定成功越来越悲观。尽管他们认为上大学是一个相当容易实现的目标，但是52%的人认为年轻人不需要四年的大学教育就能成功。所以判断出美国人认为大学教育在取得成功中所起的作用不再像过去那样重要了。故D选项正确。4．Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays？AA．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.B．Itneedstobestrengthened.C．Itwidensculturaldiversity.D．Itpromotesgenderequality.〖解析〗推理判断题。由最后一段“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可知，虽然像Maeda这样的一些人强调学位的价值而不是教育本身的价值，但其他人仍然把大学视为获得新观点和生活经验的一种方式。所以判断出，现在一些人认为大学教育有助于开阔他们的视野。故A选项正确。B(2020·湖北武汉市高三调研)AsIwashdishesatthekitchensink,myhusband,Scott,pacesbehindme,annoyed.“Haveyouseenmykeys？”heasks.InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.Butthatonlymadehimangrier.Now,Ifocusonthewetdishinmyhands.Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniqueIlearnedfromadolphintrainer.ForabookIwaswritingaboutanimaltrainers'school,Istartedspendingmydayswatchingprofessionaltrainersdotheseeminglyimpossible:teachingdogstodanceoncommandandchimpstoskateboard.Eventuallyithitmethatthesametechniquesmightworkonthatstubbornbutlovablespecies,theAmericanhusband.ThecentrallessonIlearnedisthatIshouldrewardbehaviourIlikeandignorebehaviourIdon't.Afterall,youdon'tgetasealiontobalanceaballontheendofitsnosebytalking.ThesamegoesfortheAmericanhusband.IbeganthankingScottifhethrewonedirtyshirtintothelaundrybasket.Ifhethrewintwo,I'dkisshim.Iwasusingwhattrainerscall“approximations”，rewardingthesmallstepstowardlearningawholenewbehaviour.WithScottthehusband,Ibegantopraiseeverysmallacteverytime:ifhedrovejustamileanhourslower,orwasontimeforanything.IfollowedthestudentstoSeaWorldSanDiego,whereadolphintrainerintroducedmetoLeastReinforcingScenario(LRS)．Whenadolphindoessomethingwrong,thetrainerdoesn'trespondinanyway.Theideaisthatanyresponse,positiveornegative,fuelsabehaviour.Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse,ittypicallydiesaway.Itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforehewasagainsearchingforhiskeys,atwhichpointIsaidnothingandkeptatwhatIwasdoing.Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm,butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。丈夫在找不到钥匙时总是朝“我”嚷嚷，“我”想到了训练海豚的方法：对不乐意见到的行为视而不见，海豚会逐渐理解并成功完成人们希望的动作。于是“我”对丈夫的行为不理不睬，不久他就找到了钥匙。此时“我”真想奖励给他一条小鱼……5．Whatcanweinferaboutthewriter？CA．Shetreatsherhusbandlikeanimals.B．Sheoftenquarrelswithherhusband.C．Shebehavesdifferentlytoherhusband.D．She'sdeterminedtolearnfromthedolphin.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“InthepastIwouldhaveturnedoffthetapandjoinedthehuntwhiletryingtocomfortmyhusband.”可知，在过去，“我”会关掉水龙头，在安慰丈夫的同时帮他一起寻找钥匙。根据第一段最后三句“Idon'tturnaround.Idon'tsayaword.I'musingatechniquellearnedfromadolphintrainer.”可知，这一次“我”没有转身，不说一句话，“我”在使用从海豚训练员那里学到的方法。据此可以判断，“我”对待丈夫的方法发生了改变。故C项正确。6．Howdidthewritergettheideaoftreatingherhusband？CA．Byrewardingherhusband.B．Bywritingabookonanimals.C．Bywatchingprofessionaltraining.D．Byfocusingonwashingthedishes.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，为了写一本关于动物驯兽师学校的书，“我”开始每天观看专业驯兽师做着看似不可能做到的事情：教狗根据命令跳舞，教黑猩猩学滑板，而“我”也从观看驯兽师的专业训练中得到了如何对待“我”的丈夫的启示。故C项正确。7．Whatwillhappenifthetrainerdoesn'trespondtothedolphin'smistake？BA．Itwillfeelembarrassed.B．Itwillforgetthemistake.C．Itwillrememberitsmistake.D．Itwillrepeatthewrongaction.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Ifabehaviourcausesnoresponse，ittypicallydiesaway.”可知，如果海豚的错误行为得不到回应，则它将忘掉这种行为。故B项正确。8．Whatisthetoneofthetext？AA．Humorous. B．Serious.C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Ittookalotofdisciplinetomaintainmycalm，butresultswereimmediate.IfeltasifIshouldthrowhimasmallfish.”可知，“我”保持冷静需要自制力，但立刻就有了效果。“我”想要给他扔一条小鱼以示奖励。结合全文内容可知，文中作者将丈夫比喻成接受训练的海豚，据此可以判断，本文的语气诙谐幽默。故A项正确。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。Summeristheperfecttimetorelax.Asyouplanforyourtrip,herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourself.1.FFightagainstthemosquitoesinthehotspots.Therearemanymosquito­borneillnessesintropicalregions，whicharetraditionallyvacationhotspots.Therefore,mosquitorepellent(驱蚊剂)thatcontainsDEETshouldbeanessentialiteminyourtravelbag.2.AInlesser­developedcountriesthereislessequipmentforcleanwaterandpublichealth.Ifyoucan'tavoidunhealthfulwater,makesureyoubringalongateaorcoffee­makingpotthatwillboilwaterforyou.You'dbetterbuyacaseortwoofwaterandcheckthatallbottlecapsaresealedtoassurethebottledwaterisn'tjustarefilledbottleofdirtytapwater.Alwaysprotectyourfeet.It'sbesttowearslippersintheshower,butifyoumustbebarefoot,putatoweldownonthefloor.3.GYoushouldneverwalkbarefootinanyareaofaforeigncountry,includingyourhotelroom.Besuretoeatsafefruits.4.BTheymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater,orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.Thebestadviceistobringyourownpeeler(削皮器)sothatyouknowthatsomethingcleanhasbeenappliedtothefruit.Enjoythesmellofroadsidestands,notthefood.Unlessthefoodispipinghotwhenserved,it'sbesttostayawayfromroadsidestands,nomatterhowgoodthesmellofthefoodmightbe.Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean,orderthefoodtogo.5.DA．Don'ttrustthelocalwater.B．Anyfruitservedfreshmaybepolluted.C．Lookoutforanywaternotservedinabottle.D．Theboxesmaybecleanerthantheplateorforkonthetable.E．Youshouldknowhowtokeepyourselfawayfromdirtyfruits.F．Theyarenecessarytoavoidcomingbackwithamajorillnessfromyourtrip.G．Parasites(寄生虫)canentertheskinofyourfeetandtraveltodifferentpartsofthebody.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。就旅行时如何进行自我保护提出一些建议。〖解析〗1．空处上文提到，夏天是放松的最佳时间，如果你准备去旅行，这里有一些关于如何保护你自己的建议，并且下文是具体的建议。因此F项“它们对于避免旅行后带着大病回来是有必要的。”，在这里起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选F项。2．本空为段落标题。根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在一些欠发达的国家，制造干净的水的设备比较少，所以你要自己做一些准备。由此可知应选A项。3．根据本段标题“Alwaysprotectyourfeet.”以及空后的“Youshouldneverwalkbarefoot”可知，本段主要讲述的是在旅途中要保护自己的脚。故G项“寄生虫可以进入你脚部的皮肤，并到达身体的不同部位。”符合语境。4．根据本段标题“Besuretoeatsafefruits.”以及空处后一句“Theymayhavebeenwashedinthesamewater，orwipedwiththesameragusedtocleanworksurfacesinkitchens.”可知，B项“任何新鲜的水果都可能是被污染的。”符合语境。故选B项。5．根据本段标题以及空处前一句“Ifyouareconcernedaboutwhetherarestaurantisclean，orderthefoodtogo.”可知，D项“这些盒子可能比桌子上的盘子或叉子更干净。”符合语境。故选D项。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021·河南省南阳市一中月考)Upto82percentofchildrenwithhealthymothersarenoteasytobeobese(肥胖的),accordingtoresearch.Amother,1.whohasahealthyweight,exercisesregularly,eatsahealthydiet,doesn'tsmokeandonly2.drinks(drink)wineinmoderation,issignificantlylesslikely3.tohave(have)afatchild,scientistssay.Andresearchsuggestsitcouldbemoretodowithnurture(养育)4.thannature,asamother'slifestyleappears5.directly(direct)linkedtothehealthofherchild.Whenbothmotherandchildfollowahealthylifestyle,theriskofobesity6.isreduced(reduce)evenmore,thestudyofmorethan24,000childrenfound.Thestudyexaminedthemedicalhistoryandlifestylesofmorethan24,000childrenagednine7.tofourteen,borntoalmost17,000womenintheUS.Researcherslookedatthelinkbetweenoverallmotherhealthandlikelihoodofachild8.being(be)obese.Themother'shealthwasjudgedonherheight­to­weightratio(比例),herdiet,amountofphysical9.activity(active),smokingstatusandhowmuchalcoholshedrank.Ahealthyweightanddiet,regularexercise,nosmokingandmoderatedrinkingallreducethechanceofawo