12选择性暑期学习成果阶段检测卷（人教版2019）

12选择性必修第三册暑期学习成果阶段检测卷英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheartexhibition?A．Disappointed.​​

​ B．Satisfied.​​

​ C．Excited.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatamess!Ihaveneverseensuchanartexhibition.Itcan’tbeworse.M:IbeggedtodifferJulia.Ithinkit’smuchbetterthantheonewesawlasttime.2．Whatcoursewillthewomantake?A．Spanish. B．Photography. C．Art.【答案】B【原文】M:So,areyougoingtojoinmySpanishcoursethisyear?W:Well,Iputmynamedown,butI’vechangedmymind.Afriendofmineistakingupphotography.andIthinkI’lljoinhim.M:Ididn’thaveyoudownastheartistictype.3．Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A．Givemoneytothecharity. B．Goonacharitywalk. C．Visitthefloodvictims.【答案】B【原文】W:MarcoandIwanttodosomethingtohelpthefloodvictims.M:Whatareyougoingtodo?W:We’regoingtodoacharitywalktomorrow.4．Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A．Toexpresshergratitude. B．Toaskforhelp. C．Toshowherkindness.【答案】A【原文】W:Mr.White,I’mverygratefulforallyourgenerosity.M:Don’tmentionit.I’mgladIcanprovidehelptofamiliesincrisissituations.AndIhaveappreciatedyourkindness.5．WhyisJohnlateforschool?A．Hewasstuckintraffic. B．Hehurthishead. C．Hedidagooddeed.【答案】C【原文】W:Johnwhyareyoulateforschool?M:JustnowIsawatrafficaccidentontheroad.Thecyclisthurthisheadverybadly.Iimmediatelycalledthepoliceandhospital.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Whendoestheboyusuallygohome?A．At4:45pm. B．At5:15pm. C．At5:45pm.7．Howoftendoestheboygoswimming?A．Twiceaweek. B．Threetimesaweek. C．Fourtimesaweek.【答案】6．B7．B【原文】W:Whatdoyoudoafterschooleveryday?M:Well,Ihaveclassesuntilfourfortyfivepm.AfterthatIusuallyworkoutforhalfanhouratthesportscentre.ThenIgohometodomyhomework.Itusuallytakesmeaboutanhourtofinishit.W:Whatkindofexercisedoyoudo?M:Well,threedaysaweekIswim.TheotherworkdaysIgorunning.Idothegardeningatmyhouseontheweekend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．WhowillhelpdeliverthebottlesonMondaymorning?A．Lisa. B．Steven. C．Theteacher.9．Whydothestudentscollectthebottles?A．Todecoratetheroomfortheparty.B．Tomakegiftsforthehomeless.C．Tousethemasmoneyboxes.10．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Amunityclub.B．Acharityevent.C．Anentertainmentactivity.【答案】8．A9．C10．B【原文】M:Hi,Lisa.Doyouknowmunityserviceclubisdoingapennydrivethismonth?W:Ofcourse,Stephen,westillneed73milkbottles,oneforeachteacher.M:Thatisalotofbottles.W:That’swhyweneedalltheclubmemberstobringsome.Thenwe’regoingtodecoratethebottleswithstickersandconstructionpaperandthensendthemtotheteachers.M:YouhavetoeearlyonMondaymorningtohelpdeliverthebottles.Sodon’tforget.W:Iwon’t.Then,whatelseisgoingtohappen?M:Well,basicallythestudentsandteachersineachclasswillputpenniesinthebottles.TheclasswiththemostpennieswinsaPizzaparty.W:Whereisthemoneygoing?M:WearegoingtodonatethemoneytotheArizonahomelessshelter.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A．Toexpressthanks. B．Toextendaninvitation. C．Togetsomeinformation.12．HowlongisthesportscenteropenonSaturdays?A．For5hours. B．For9hours. C．For14hours.13．Whichsportdoesthewomanlike?A．Cyclingingroups. B．Goinghiking. C．Playingvolleyball.【答案】11．C12．B13．A【原文】W:Goodafternoon.I’mplanningtodosomesportsafterschool.MayIasksomequestionsaboutyoursportscenter?M:Sure.Goahead.W:Whatarethehoursofoperationforyourcenter?M:WeareopenMondaythroughFridayfrom8:00amto10:00pm.Saturdays’hoursarefrom9:00amto6:00pmandonSundaysweopenat9:00amandcloseat2:00pm.W:Howaboutphysicaltraining?Doyouofferanyoneononetraining?M:Sure.Wehavemanytrainersforyoutochoosefrom.Youcanseetheirschedulesandqualificationshereonthisform.Wealsooffergroupclasses.Youcanplayvolleyball,gocycling,andtakehikingtripsinthemountains.W:Ifancycyclingingroups.I’mreadytogetstarted!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Joiningaprotest. B．Interviewingtheman. C．Givingaspeech.15．Whyisthewomaninfrontofthefactory?A．Sheislookingforherhusband.B．Hersalaryhasn’tbeenpaidbytheboss.C．Thefactoryispollutingtheenvironment.16．Whohasbeencoughingallnight?A．Thewoman’shusband.B．Peopleinthemunity.C．Theworkersinthefactory.17．Whatdidthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Toshoutwithher.B．Togotothegovernment.C．Tocovertheevent.【答案】14．A15．C16．A17．C【原文】W:Stoppoisoningus,stoppoisoningus.M:Hey,Julia,whyareyoushoutinginfrontofthisfactory?W:Robert,it’syou.Thisfactoryispollutingourairandwater.They’reresponsiblefordangerouschemicalsandwaste.

M:Butyourhusbandworkshere.Aren’tyouconcernedyou’llcausetroubleforhimandtheotherworkers?W:What’smoreimportantistheirhealth.Theairqualityinandoutofthisfactoryisatworstlevels.Myhusbandhasbeencoughingallnight.M:That’sterrible.MaybeIshouldhelpyoutodosomething.W:Asareporter.Youcancovertheeventonbehalfofyournewspaper,M:OK.Butmaybethatistakingthingsalittletoofar.W:Noway.Didyouknowthatworkersandpeopleinthemunityhavegotlungcancers.Thisafternoonwewillgotothegovernmentgate.M:Ididn’tknowthatmoredetails.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18．Whatisprobablythespeaker?A．Anathlete. B．Afitnesscoach. C．Ahealthcareprovider.19．Howoftenshouldpeoplemakeachangeintheirworkoutplans?A．Everytwomonths. B．Everytwoyears. C．Everytwoweeks.20．Howdoesthespeakersuggestbalancingworkoutintensitythroughouttheweek?A．Byonlydoinglightactivities.B．Byplanningexerciseandrestproperly.C．Byengaginginthesameworkouteveryday.【答案】18．B19．A20．B【原文】M:Thankyouforjoiningourwellnessworkshop.I’mRichardSimmons.Beforewebegin,Iwanttosharesomeadvice.Stayingactiveisessentialforahealthylifestyle,butit’simportanttoavoidmonworkoutmistakes.Thefirsterroristhelackofvarietyinexercising,engaginginthesameroutinecanleadtonoprogress.Topreventthis.Isuggestchangingyourworkoutplansbymonthly,dodiverseactivitieslikeyogatoimproveflexibility,weightliftingtobuildstrengthorpalatestoenhancecorestability.Varietynotonlypreventsboredom,butalsoimprovesyouroverallfitness.Itcanhelptodevelopdifferentmusclegroups.Anothermonerrorisovertraining.It’simportanttounderstandthatrestisjustascrucialformusclerecoveryandgrowth.Astheworkoutitself,Iremendaimingfortwointensesessionsperweek.Onthedays,youarenotpushingyourselfhard.Considerengaginginlighteractivity,suchasfastwalkingorleisurelycycling.Thisapproachbalancesphysicaleffortwithrecovery.Nonetheless,it’sadvisabletohaveatleastonedayofpleterestweeklytoallowyourbodytofullyrecover.Remember,wellnessisamarathon,listentoyourbodyandadjustyouractivitiesaccordingly.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUniqueoutdoorrestaurantsaroundtheworldManythingsetomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Remarkablesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamelocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.TheRock,ZanzibarOnanenormousboulder(巨石)offthecoastoftheEastAfricanislandofZanzibarsitsTheRock.Thefreshestseafood,muchofitstraightfromthesurroundingocean,isalwaysavailablehere.Atlowtide(潮汐),customerscanwalkouttoTheRock.Asthewaterrises,though,customersmusttakeashortboatridetoit.Oncetheyarrive,they’regreetedbyfriendlystaffand360degreeviewsofbeautifulbluegreenwater.TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant”,isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.TheLabasinWaterfallsRestaurant,PhilippinesStrikingwaterfallssometimeshaverestaurantsatthetop.ButtheLabasinWaterfalls,inSanPabloCity,Philippines,isdifferent.Arestaurantsitsatthebottomofthefalls.Guestsdineonauthentic(地道的)Filipinomealsatbambootablesthatstandrightinthewater.Theycooltheirfeetinthewaterthatflowsundertheirtables.Thesurroundingjunglemakesaperfectbackgroundforthisoneofakinddiningexperience.TheGrotto,ThailandTheGrottoRestaurantonThailand’sPhraNangBeachoffersdeliciousfoodandanincrediblediningexperience.Therestaurantispartlypositionedinsideacaveandpartlyonthebeach.GuestsseatedtowardthefrontlookoutatHappyIslandinthelovelyAndamanSea.Thoseseatedatthebackenjoyanauthenticcavediningexperience.fortabletables,whicharearrangedinsidethecave,sitnexttolargestalactites(钟乳石).InternationalfoodwithaThaiinfluenceisfeatured.21．WhatcanyoudoatTheRock?A．Hostsmallceremonies.B．Havemealsatbambootables.C．Coolyourfeetunderyourtables.D．Gothroughacavediningexperience.22．Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveinmon?A．Theyarebasedinhotels.B．Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.C．Theyaresurroundedbyeyecatchingwaterfalls.D．Theyofferbothbreathtakingviewsanddeliciousfood.23．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toreport. B．Toexplain. C．Toanalyze. D．Tointroduce.【答案】21．A22．D23．D【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个集美景和美食于一体的户外餐厅。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant”,isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.(岩石有时被称为“浮动餐厅”，可用于婚礼和其他小型团体活动。)”可知，该饭店可以举行小型的仪式活动。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(然而，三家餐厅都有令人惊叹的景色并且菜单上均有美味的食物。)”可知，这三家餐厅都是集美景和美食于一体的餐厅。故选D。23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，根据第一段中的“ManythingsetomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Remarkablesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamellocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(当我想到一个美好的假期时，许多事情就会浮现在脑海中。美丽的风景和美味的食物当然在我的清单上。这两个特征不可能总是出现在同一个位置。然而，三家餐厅都有令人惊叹的景色并且菜单上均有美味的食物。)”及下文的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是为读者介绍集美景和美食于一体的户外餐厅。故选D。BAlexiswasastudent,theonlysonofhiswealthyparents,andfeltentitledtotheluxurieshehadinhislife.Onaclassfieldtrip,Alexismettheforester,Justin,whohadbeenlivinginawoodenhouseintheforestovertenyears.WhenlearningJustin’slife,Alexislaughedathimwithhisfriends.Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.Thenextday,Alexisreachedthecavewithhisfourfriends,onlytofindtheycouldn’ttaketheirschoolbagsthroughtheentrance.Onebyone,theteenagersenteredthecaveandwereamazedtoseehowwideitwasfromtheinside.Albertpickedalargestoneupandhitoneofthewallswithit.“Thisplaceissocool!”helaughedquietlybeforetherocksfromthewallcamefalling.“Watchout,Albert!”AlexissaidandpulledAlberttowardshimself.Theteenagersscreamedinfearwhentheysawtherocksfall.Theycouldn’tseeanythingbecauseofthedustfloatingintheair.Thefriendswerescaredwhentheyrealizedtheyweretrappedinthecave.“HELP!WEARESTUCK!”theteenagersstartedscreamingforhelp,hopingsomeonewouldhearthem.FatesentJustintothecave.Theforesterpickedberrieseverydayfromthetreesnearthecave.Whilehewaswalkingbacktohishouse,fivebrightcoloredschoolbagscaughthisattention.Thenheapproachedthecaveandshouted,“Hey!Who’sinthere?”“I’mAlexis!Icamehereyesterdaywithmyteacher!Helpus,please!Wearestuck!”“Okay,calmdown,children!I’llhelpyouout!”Justinsaid.Justinquicklycalled911andinformedthemaboutthekidsinthecave.Thinkingtheparamedics(护理人员)wouldtakeatleasttwentyminutestoarrive,hedecidedtohelpthekidshimselfbeforeitwastoolate.Justinquicklygrabbedashovelandaflashlightandrushedbacktothecave’sentrance.Meanwhile,Alexisandhisfriendstriedtostaycalm.Afewminuteslater,Alexisandhisfriendscouldseetheflashlightshinethroughthecave’sentrance.Secondslater,theyrushedoutsidethecaveandtookadeepbreathinthefreshair.Justthen,theparamedicsarrived.24．WhatmayleadtoAlexislookingdownonJustin?A．Hislowereducation. B．Hispoorfamily.C．Hisbadreputation. D．Hislivingcondition.25．HowdidAlexisfeelaboutthecaveatfirst?A．Doubtful. B．Curious. C．astonished. D．Scared.26．WhydidJustinappearnearthecave?A．Itwashisdailyroutine. B．Hesawfivecolorfulschoolbags.C．Hecametolookforthechildren. D．Heheardthescreamingforhelp.27．Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A．Luckyorunlucky. B．Don’tjudgeapersonbyhislooks.C．Curiositykillsthecat. D．Onceinabluemoon.【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了亚历克西斯因为好奇走进山洞，结果和其他人一起被困在了山洞里，多亏了贾斯汀及时发现，救了他们。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Alexiswasastudent,theonlysonofhiswealthyparents，andfeltentitledtotheluxurieshehadinhislife.Onaclassfieldtrip,Alexismettheforester,Justin,whohadbeenlivinginawoodenhouseintheforestovertenyears.WhenlearningJustin’slife,Alexislaughedathimwithhisfriends.(亚历克西斯是一名学生，是有钱父母的独子，他觉得自己有资格享受生活中的奢侈品。在一次班级实地考察中，亚历克西斯遇到了护林人贾斯汀，他在森林里的一所木屋里住了十年多。得知贾斯汀的生活后，亚历克西斯和他的朋友们一起嘲笑他)”可知，生活条件导致亚历克西斯看不起贾斯汀。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.(在实地考察中，亚历克西斯和他的同学们经过一个洞穴的入口。‘这看起来太酷了！’亚历克西斯喊道。他想进入洞穴，但他的老师阻止了他)”可知，亚历克西斯一开始对山洞感到好奇，想进入洞穴。故选B。26．细节理解题。根据第六段“FatesentJustintothecave.Theforesterpickedberrieseverydayfromthetreesnearthecave.Whilehewaswalkingbacktohishouse,fivebrightcoloredschoolbagscaughthisattention.Thenheapproachedthecaveandshouted,“Hey!Who’sinthere?”(命运把贾斯汀送到了山洞里。护林人每天从洞穴附近的树上摘浆果。在回家的路上，五个色彩鲜艳的书包引起了他的注意。然后他走近山洞，喊道：“嘿！谁在里面？”)”可知，护林人贾斯廷每天从洞穴附近的树上摘浆果，出现在洞穴附近是因为他的日常生活。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据第二段“Duringthefieldtrip,Alexisandhisclassmatespassedbyanentrancetoacave.“Thislookssocool!”Alexisexclaimed.Hewantedtogoinsidethecave,buthisteacherstoppedhim.(在实地考察中，亚历克西斯和他的同学们经过一个洞穴的入口。‘这看起来太酷了！’亚历克西斯喊道。他想进入洞穴，但他的老师阻止了他)”、第三段中“Thenextday,Alexisreachedthecavewithhisfourfriends,onlytofindtheycouldn’ttaketheirschoolbagsthroughtheentrance.Onebyone,theteenagersenteredthecaveandwereamazedtoseehowwideitwasfromtheinside.(第二天，亚历克西斯和他的四个朋友来到山洞，却发现他们不能带着书包通过洞口。少年们一个接一个地进入洞穴，从里面看到它有多宽，他们感到很惊讶。)”、第五段“Thefriendswerescaredwhentheyrealizedtheyweretrappedinthecave.“HELP!WEARESTUCK!”theteenagersstartedscreamingforhelp,hopingsomeonewouldhearthem.(当朋友们意识到他们被困在山洞里时，他们很害怕。“救命！我们被困住了！”孩子们开始大声呼救，希望有人能听到)”以及倒数第二段可知，文章主要讲述了亚历克西斯因为好奇走进山洞，结果和其他人一起被困在了山洞里，多亏了贾斯汀及时发现，救了他们。由此可知，这个故事告诉我们过度的好奇心可能会导致不好的后果，即好奇害死猫。故选C。CHumansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleareisolated,diseasedanimalsarekilledandfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving(复活)anancientviruswouldsurelybeadisaster.ButanewstudyledbyFiddamanfromOxford,challengesthisconventionalwisdom.Itshowshowtherevivalofanancientviruscanunlockthesecretsofitsevolution.ThevirusinthestudyisMarek’sdiseasevirus(MDV),killingmorethan90%ofchickens.Yetwhenitwasdiscoveredin1907,MDVrarelycauseddeath.DrFiddamanwonderedwhetheritsnewfoundvirulence(毒性)wasaresultoflargestructuralchanges.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.SectionsofDNAfromtheseremainsweremappedontotheonesoftoday’svirus.AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations(突变).Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour(肿瘤)formation.ThisdiscoverysuggeststhattheancientMDVmaynothavebeenabletocausetumours.Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Inparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.Bybiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepursestringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines(疫苗),forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“weremappedonto”meaninparagraph4?A．wererestrictedto B．wereopposedtoC．wereparedwith D．werefilledwith29．WhatcausedthevirulencechangeofMDV?A．PointmutationsinMEQ. B．Theoccurrenceofanewgene.C．ThereproductionoftheancientMDV. D．Largestructuralchangesinmodernspecies.30．HowdidDrFiddamantesttheassumption?A．Byinvestigatingatypicalcase. B．Byconductingafieldsurvey.C．Bystudyingtherelatedtheories. D．Bydoingaparativeexperiment.31．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Virusesweakengraduallywhentheymutate.B．Thefindingthrowslightonhandlingotherviruses.C．Aglobalpandemicrequiresaworldefforttoendit.D．Farmerswillfacemoreplexchallengesthanbefore.【答案】28．C29．A30．D31．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了牛津大学的Fiddamanfrom领导的一项新研究展示了一种古老病毒的复活如何解开其进化的秘密。28．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.(为了找到答案，他和他的同事们从欧洲和亚洲各地收集了近1000根古代的鸡骨头，其中一些有2000年的历史)”下一段“AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.(然而，当作者将古代MDV的基因组合在一起时，他们注意到这些基因与现代物种的基因排列完全相同)”可知，将鸡骨遗骸的DNA与现代物种的基因排列对比发现完全相同，因此划线词与wereparedwith意思相近，表示“与……相比”。故选C。29．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations(突变).Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour(肿瘤)formation.(提示毒力的增加不是由于大的结构改变，而是由于点突变。特别是，一种名为MEQ的基因的排列发生了变化，它在肿瘤形成中具有重要作用)”可知，MEQ的点突变导致了MDV的毒力变化。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Inparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.(为了验证这一假设，Fiddaman博士进行了一个大胆的实验。他制造了古老的MEQ基因，并将其射入活鸡细胞中。它没有开启任何与肿瘤形成相关的基因。相比之下，现代MEQ基因迅速显示出其导致肿瘤的倾向)”可知，Fiddaman博士通过一个比较实验来证实这一假设。故选D。31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bybiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepursestringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines(疫苗),forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.(通过结合古代和现代遗传生物学，这篇论文中开创的方法揭示了病毒如何变异，更重要的是为什么变异。这可以帮助科学家们对付其他掏空农民的腰包的病毒，比如设计新疫苗，甚至是研究如何防止另一场全球大流行)”可推知，这一发现为处理其他病毒提供了线索。故选B。DAfteraweekoftalksinCanada,negotiators(谈判者)from170countrieshavea“clearpathtolandinganambitiousdeal”onplasticpollutionatafinalroundofnegotiationsinSouthKoreainNovember,IngerAndersen,executivedirectoroftheU.N.EnvironmentProgramme,saidinastatement.“Thework,however,isfarfromover,”sheadded.“Somecountriescontinuetoblockacrucialmeasure:agloballimitontheproductionofnewplastic,whichisessentialtocontrolpollution.”Plasticismadefromfossilfuels,andmajoroilandnaturalgasproducerslikeRussiaandSaudiArabiahavebeenwidelycriticizedforthrowinguproadblocksinthenegotiationsinordertoprotectfutureprofits.However,scientistsandenvironmentalistssaytheUnitedStatesalsobearsalotofblame.Thecountryisthetopproducerofoilandgasglobally,andithastheworld’sbiggesteconomy,whichhashistoricallygiventheU.S.hugepowerinenvironmentalnegotiations.CriticssayAmericannegotiatorshaven’tbeenwillingtopushforaglobalcap(限额)onplasticproduction,andareinsteadthrowingtheirweightbehindmeasureslikerecyclingthatarefavoredbythecountry’sfossilfuelandpetrochemicalindustries.ErinSimon,headofplasticwasteandbusinessattheWorldWildlifeFundwhoattendedthetalksinCanada,saystheU.S.andalotofothercountriesarebrainstormingandtryingtoeupwithcreativesolutionstomeeteverybody’sneedsasbestaspossible.TheStateDepartmenthassaidthatforanagreementtobeeffective,itneedstobesupportedbyeverycountry,includingnationsthataremajorproducersoffossilfuelsandplastics.Morethan50countriesnowsaytheywantanagreementtoincludetargetsforreducingplasticproduction.“Thedrumbeattoreduceplasticproductionisgrowingfromcountriesworldwide,”AnaRocha,thedirectorofglobalplasticspolicyinGlobalAllianceforIncineratorAlternatives,saidinastatement.“Moreandmoreleadersarewakinguptowhatthescienceandourlivedexperiencestellus:plasticispollution,andweneedtostopitwhereitstarts.”32．WhatisthekeytocontrollingplasticpollutionaccordingtoIngerAndersen?A．Limitingtheuseofsecondhandplastic.B．Raisingpeople’senvironmentalawareness.C．Reducingtheworldwideproductionofplastic.D．Passinglawstoregulatethedisposalofwasteplastic.33．WhatmeasuresdoAmericansprefertohandleplasticpollution?A．Stoppingproducingplastic. B．Sharingqualityplastic.C．Forbiddingusingplastic. D．Recyclingusedplastic.34．Whatisnecessarytomaketheagreementeffective?A．Allcountries’support. B．Thesharedlaws.C．Everyone’spermission. D．Creativesolutions.35．WhatcanweinferfromAnaRocha’swords?A．Plasticproductionisreducingallthetime.B．Theplasticpollutionshouldbehandledtechnically.C．People’sawarenessofreducingplasticpollutionisincreasing.D．Moreleadersrealizelivedexperiencescanhelphandleplasticpollution.【答案】32．C33．D34．A35．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了来自170个国家的谈判代表就“控制全球塑料污染”达成共识，即将推出一项减少塑料垃圾的全球协议。32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“Somecountriescontinuetoblockacrucialmeasure:agloballimitontheproductionofnewplastic,whichisessentialtocontrolpollution(一些国家继续阻止一项关键措施：全球限制新塑料的生产，这对控制污染至关重要)”可知，IngerAndersen认为控制塑料污染的关键是减少全球塑料产量。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“CriticssayAmericannegotiatorshaven’tbeenwillingtopushforaglobalcap(限额)onplasticproduction,andareinsteadthrowingtheirweightbehindmeasureslikerecyclingthatarefavoredbythecountry’sfossilfuelandpetrochemicalindustries(批评人士说，美国谈判代表一直不愿意推动全球塑料生产上限，而是支持该国化石燃料和石化行业青睐的回收利用等措施)”可知，美国谈判代表一直不愿意推动确定全球塑料生产上限的工作，而是支持回收利用等措施来解决塑料污染问题。因此，美国人更喜欢回收使用过的塑料的措施来处理塑料污染。故选D。34．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子“TheStateDepartmenthassaidthatforanagreementtobeeffective,itneedstobesupportedbyeverycountry,includingnationsthataremajorproducersoffossilfuelsandplastics(美国国务院表示，为了使协议生效，它需要得到每个国家的支持，包括化石燃料和塑料的主要生产国)”可知，使协议生效的必要条件是所有国家的支持。故选A。35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Moreandmoreleadersarewakinguptowhatthescienceandourlivedexperiencestellus:plasticispollution,andweneedtostopitwhereitstarts.(越来越多的领导人意识到科学和我们的生活经验告诉我们:塑料是污染，我们需要在它开始的地方阻止它)”可知，从AnaRocha的话中我们可以推断出人们减少塑料污染的意识正在增强。故选C。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Writingapoemisaboutobservingtheworldwithinoraroundyou.36,fromlovetolosstothegateattheoldfarm.Writingpoetryseemsdifficult.However,withtherightapproach,youcanwriteapoemthatyoucanbeproudtosharewithothers.Pickaspecificthemeoridea.Thiscanmakeiteasierforyoutonarrowdownwhatimagesanddescriptionsyouaregoingtouseinyourpoem.Forexample,youmaydecidetowriteapoemaroundthethemeofloveandfriendship.37.Avoidcliché(陈词滥调).Yourpoetrywillbemuchstrongerifyouavoidcliches,whicharephrasesthathavebeesofamiliarthattheyhavelosttheirmeaning.38.Bydoingso,yourreaderissurprisedandattractedbyyourwriting.Ifyoufeelacertainphraseorimageistoofamiliartoyourreader,replaceitwithamoreuniqueone.39.Poetryismadetobereadoutloud.Soyoushouldwriteyourpoemwithafocusonhowitsoundsonthepage.Payattentiontothestructureofyourpoemandyourwordchoice.Noticehoweachlineofyourpoemflowsintooneanotherandhowplacingonewordnexttoanothercreatesacertainsound.Getfeedback(反馈)fromothers.Youcanalsoshareyourpoemwithotherpoetstogetfeedbackfromthemandimproveyourpoem.40,whereyoudiscussyourpoemswithotherpoetsandworkonyourpoetrytogether.Oryoumaytakeapoetrywritingclass,whereyouworkwithaninstructorandotherpoetstoimproveyourwriting.A．WritefortheearB．DowritingexercisesC．ApoemcanbeaboutanythingD．YoumayjoinapoetrywritinggroupE．GoforcreativedescriptionsandimagesinyourpoemF．StrongemotionalmomentsmakeforbeautifulandinterestingpoemsG．Thenyoumaythinkaboutthemomentswhereyouexperiencedthem【答案】36．C37．G38．E39．A40．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了写出优美的、值得分享的诗歌的方法：选定一个特定的主题，避免陈词滥调，适合读出来的结构和选词，通过分享讨论获得反馈改进。36．根据空后半句内容“fromlovetolosstothegateattheoldfarm(从爱到失去再到老农场的大门)”举例了写诗时可以选择的各种主题内容，由此推知，设空句应包含概括性词汇“任何内容”。选项C“Apoemcanbeaboutanything(一首诗可以是关于任何事情的)”中含有“anything”，同时，在句意上讲述的是“诗歌主题”，与前文“Writingapoemisaboutobservingtheworldwithinoraroundyou.(写诗是关于观察你内心或周围的世界。)”在主题上衔接紧密。故选C项。37．根据前文“Forexample,youmaydecidetowriteapoemaroundthethemeofloveandfriendship.(例如，你可能决定围绕爱情和友谊的主题写一首诗。)”提