专题1名词和代词2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案（新高一专用）（原卷版）

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案专题1：名词和代词（原卷版）【课前小测】单项选择1．Father’sDayising,Jessica.Couldyoutellme________?A．whatgiftdidyoubuyforyourdad B．ifyouwillDIYagiftforyourdadC．wherehaveyoudecidedtobuyagift D．thatyou’regoingtothankyourdad2．Thisscarfisold,butitis______mebecauseitwasapresentfrommydearestgrandpa.A．greatimportantfor B．oflittleimportancetoC．ofveryimportantto D．ofgreatimportanceto3．Excuseme!Isthisnewhouse?Yes,it’s.TheparentsofthemboughtitlastSeptember.A．LucyandLily’s;theirs B．Lucy’sandLily’s;themC．Lucy’sandLily’s;theirs D．LucyandLily’s;them4．Hehasbeenillforseveralweeks,sohehas________inlearningmaths.A．manydifficultiesB．somedifficultyC．alotoftroubles D．atrouble5．—Haveyoueverbeento________?—Yes.AndIcanspeak________verywell.A．German;German B．Germany;German C．German;Germany6．—Wehave________anumberofwildanimalsbecauseofthe________oftheirlivingareas.—Soit’snecessarytotakeactiontoprotectwildanimalsA．lose;loss B．lost;loss C．loss;lose D．lost;lose7．—________isyourhomefromthelibrary?—Itisaboutfifteen________walk.A．Howlong;minutes’ B．Howfar:minutesC．Howlong;minute’s D．Howfar;minutes’8．WhenIthoughtofmymother’s_____,Ifeelvery_______.A．dead;sad B．died;sad C．death;sad D．death;sadly9．Howmany_______teachersarethereinyourschool?

_______themisovertwohundred.A．woman;Thenumberof B．women;ThenumberofC．woman;Anumberof D．women;Anumberof10．Themarketisn’tfarfromhere.It’sonlybicycleride.A．halfanhours’ B．halfanhour’s C．halfanhour D．halfahour’s11．—Howaboutthepriceofthesemobilephones?—Theyareequalinprice,butnotcheaperthan________attheotherstores.A．others B．it C．that D．theones12．Nora:CanIcheckyourbagforsometoolswecanuse?Matt:Sure.Takealook.Seeifyoucanfind________inthere.A．any B．it C．others D．those13．Wehavetowaitfor________twohourstogettheresultofthetesting.A．another B．other C．theother D．others14．Lucycan’tfindhersportsbag.Theoneunderthechairmustbelongto________.A．her B．hers C．she15．—Whichismoreuseful，biologyorchemistry?—Ithink________themareuseful.A．eitherof B．noneof C．bothof D．allof16．WeaskedJohnandHenrysomeeasyquestions,but________ofthemcouldanswerthem.A．none B．both C．all D．neither【知识对接】接点一：名词1.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名，地名，人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词Beijing,Chinagunfamilyworkair2.名词的数(1)规则的复数形式：一般在名词的单数形式后面加s或es.现归纳如下：规则例词一般情况加smapmaps,carcars,girlgirls以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加esclassclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,dishdishes以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v再加esleafleaves,thiefthieves,knifeknives,wifewives,halfhalves加schiefchiefs,proofproofs,roofroofs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加espartyparties,familyfamilies,storystories,citycities以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或以y结尾的专有名词，加stoytoys,boyboys,rayrays,HenryHenrys以辅音字母加o结尾的名词一般加esheroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes一些外来词加spianopianos,photophotos,autoautos,kilokilos,solosolos两者皆可volcanovolcanoes/volcanos以元音字母加o结尾的名词加sradioradios,bamboobamboos,zoozoos以th结尾的名词加struthtruths,mouthmouths,monthmonths,pathpaths(2)不规则的复数形式：英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的。现归纳如下：规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,goosegeese,mousemice单复数同形sheep,deer,fish表示“某国人”加sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以man或woman结尾的改为men、womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名词将主体名词变为复数sonsinlaw,lookerson,passersby,storytellers无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grownups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservants(3)其他情况规则例词通常用于复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,team复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪)，drinks(饮料)，sands(沙滩)，papers(文件；报纸)，looks(外表)，brains(头脑；智力)，greens(青菜)巧学助记(1)由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men或women.如anEnglishman、twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为Germans.man、woman等作定语时，它们的单复数依其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如menworkers、womenteachers.(2)有些名词单复数一样，如Chinese、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加es.(3)如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”，如John'sandMary'srooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间)；Tom'sandMary'sbikes(两人各自的自行车)。两个名词并列，只有一个’s,则表示“共有”，如JohnandMary'sroom(约翰和玛丽共用一间)；TomandMary'smother(即汤姆与玛丽是兄妹或姐弟)。3.名词的所有格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫作名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是由名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。(1)'s所有格的构成：①单数名词在末尾加’s,如theboy'sfather、Jack'sbook、hersoninlaw'sphoto.②复数名词•一般在末尾加’，如theteachers'room、thetwins'mother.•不规则复数名词后加’s,如thechildren'stoys、women'srights.③以s结尾的人名的所有格通常加’s,如Charles'sjob.④表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均加’s,如Japan'sandAmerica'sproblems、Jane'sandMary'sbikes.⑤表示共有的所有关系时，在最后一词末尾加’s,如JapanandAmerica'sproblems、JaneandMary'sfather.⑥表示“某人家”“店铺”时，所有格后的名词省略，如thedoctor's、thebarber's、thetailor's、myuncle's.(2)'s所有格的用法：‘s所有格主要用于表示人或动物的名词后，也可用于一些表示无生命东西的名词后。①表示时间的名词，如today'snewspaper、fiveweeks'holiday.②表示国家、城市等地方的名词，如thecountry'splan、theworld'spopulation、China'sindustry.③表示工作群体的名词，如theship'screw、theteam'svictory.④表示度量衡及价值的名词，如amile'sjourney,fivedollars'worthofapples.⑤与人类活动有特殊关系的名词，如thelife'stime、theplay'splot(戏剧情节)。⑥某些固定短语，如abird'seyeview、astone'sthrow、atone'swits'end.(3)of所有格的用法：①用于无生命的东西，如thelegsofthechair、thecoverofthebook.②用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时，如theclassroomsofthefirstyearstudents.③用于名词化的词，如thestruggleoftheoppressed(被压迫者)。接点二：代词代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。1.人称代词(1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示：数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem(2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。Iliketabletennis.(作主语) Doyouknowhim?(作宾语)(3)人称代词还可作表语，作表语时用宾格。Whoisknockingatthedoor? It'sme.(4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。Heisolderthanme. HeisolderthanIam.2.物主代词(1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示：类别数人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs(2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。Ourteacherisingtoseeus. Thisisherpencilbox.(3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)IsthisEnglishbookyours?(作表语) No.Mineisinmybag.I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?(作宾语)3.指示代词指示代词包括this、that、these、those.(1)this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。Thisisapenandthatisapencil.Wearebusythesedays.Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.(2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指将要讲到的事物。Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'te.WhatIwanttosayisthis:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.(3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.(4)this在用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?4.反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也称之为自身代词，其形式如下表所示：人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。(1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或同一批人。Hecalledhimselfawriter.WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?(2)作表语。Itdoesn'tmatter.I'llbemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.(3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(＝Iwashedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语)Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语)【达标训练】一、单项选择1．__________uncleisanengineer.A．Tom’sandJoan’s B．Tom’sandJoanC．TomandJoan’s D．TomandJoan2．MyEnglishteachergivesme__________onmyEnglishstudy.A．manyadvice B．someadvice C．twoadvice D．twopieceofadvice3．Ihavetwo__________andthreebottlesof__________here.A．orange;orange B．oranges;orangesC．oranges;orange D．orange;oranges4．Manyhavebeensurprisedatthe______oftimeithastakenhimtomakeuphismind.A．long B．longing C．length D．lengthy5．MengWanzhouandMaHuatengare________who________ShenzhenUniversity.A．graduate;graduatedin B．graduate;graduatedfromC．graduates;graduatedin D．graduates;graduatedfrom6．Theepidemic(疫情)hasagreatonourdailylife.A．effect B．effort C．effective D．efforts7．These___________tookmany___________here.A．Germen,photo B．Germen,photos C．Germans,photos D．Germany,photos E．Germany,photo8．What’syourfavorite_______?ZhaoWei.IlikeherbecauseherperformanceinDearestimpressesmesomuch.A．actor B．actress C．animal D．editor9．Weshouldclean________twiceaday.A．ourtooth B．ourtooths C．teeth D．ourteeth10．选出没有错误的一句A．Asaresult,therearemanyillness.B．Thewindsefromtheseamaketheweatherchangeallthetime.C．Whenmyparentscamehome,theywerehappytofindthatIcouldcook.D．Therewerefivechildreninmyfamilyandlookafteruswasmorethanafulltimejob.11．请选出全是名词复数形式的一组。A．business

fish

cultures

childrenB．mice

cakes

societies

leavesC．success

geese

sheer

mountainsD．progress

tomatoes

differences

loss12．Many________wenttoShanghaitohelpthepatientsatthebeginningofthismonth.A．womandoctors B．womendoctor C．womandoctor D．womendoctors13．Lifeinthefollowing______timemaybeharderthanbefore,buteveryoneshouldsticktohisgoalsandmakeanefforttoachievethem.A．threemonths B．threemonth C．threemonths D．threemonths’14．Secondslater,thecarwasenclosedinflames,buttoeveryone’s_______,Andersonwasabletopullthebabytosafety.A．amazing B．amazed C．amazes D．amazement15．—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout______inEnglish.—Youcanwrite______passageinEnglish?A．800words;a800word B．800word;a800wordsC．800words;an800word D．800words;an800words16．Ofherplays,threewere_______andonewas_____failure.A．success;/ B．successes;/ C．success;a D．successes;a17．Girlsusedtotakefewermathcoursesthanboysincollegebutnowtheyaretakingjust________.A．somuch B．asmany C．somany D．asmuch18．Four__________andtwo__________attendedthemeeting.A．Englishmen;Germen B．Englishmen;GermansC．Englishmans;Germen D．Englishmans;Germans19．ThatyellowscarfbelongstoBetty.A．givestoBetty’s B．belongstoBetty’sC．isBetty’s D．estoBetty20．Itwasreally________togetapresentfromhimonherbirthdaypartythatshecouldn’tbelieveit,lookingathimin________.A．suchbigsurprise;asurprise B．suchabigsurprise;surpriseC．sobigasurprise;asurprise D．sobigsurprise;surprise21．Goodwordscantouchnotonlyyourheartbutalso______.A．I B．my C．myself D．mine22．Didyoufind____________impossibleforhimtotellthetruth?A．this B．it C．that D．what23．Itissuggested________,insteadofplainingalldaylong,Louisethinkofthecontributorswhohavehelpedhersurvive.A．which B．/ C．that D．what24．ThepopulationofChinaisgreatlylargerthan________ofJapan.A．this B．that C．it D．one25．Itwasunbelievable________hedesignedwentbeyondtheexpectationsofeveryoneintheroom.A．that B．thatwhat C．what D．whatthat26．Mariahaswrittentwonovels.Bothof_____havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A．which B．that C．them D．what27．Twoyearsagoheboughtexpensivecameraandthenhepersuadedmetobuy.A．the;theone B．a;one C．the;theone D．an;one28．Withthecostoflivinggoingup,theyfind________difficulttomakeendsmeet.A．her B．it C．him D．them29．ThelastoneisthatIfind_____hardtounderstandgrammar.A．myself B．that C．it D．what30．—TwoTianjinDailyPaper,please!—Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave________,sir?A．one B．it C．this D．them31．Iftwopiecesofadvicearegiventosolveaproblem,________fromanewfriendand________fromanoldfriend,peoplewouldpreferthelatterone________theformerone,eventhoughthenewfriend’sadvicemaybebetter.A．one;theother;to B．one;another;toC．theone;theother;than D．one;theother;than32．—I’mlookingforaflat.—Wouldyoulike________with________garden?A．it;the B．one;a C．it;a D．one;the33．Whenyouarealone,thereisbetterthanagoodruntoclearyourhead.A．anything B．something C．nothing D．somebody34．—I’malittlehungry,Mum!—Therearesomeapplepiesonthetable,youmaytake.A．it B．this C．that D．one35．Whichwouldyouprefer,juiceorCola?________.I’dlikecoffee.A．Yes,both B．Sure,Iwould C．No,please D．Neither,thankyou二、语法填空1．Eagertosavetheboy,hepushedagainsttherockwithallhis(strong).2．TheLouvreMuseumbrokeitsattendancerecordin2018withatotalof10.2millionvisitors,anincreaseof25percentin(pare)with2017.3．Asateenager,heshowedgreat(create)inthefieldofart.4．(fortunate),manytropicaljunglesallovertheworldhavebeendamaged.5．Ournewlibraryisfour(time)largerthantheoldone.6．Theoldmanwastoldthathemustgotohospitaltoreceivemedical(treat)7．Jawswasagreat(succeed),attractinghugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards.8．Aftercenturiesofdevelopment,kiteshavebeeoneofthecountry’srepresentativetraditional(culture).9．Theoldfirmlyholdthebeliefthatkeepingpetsisanenjoyablewaytokeep(they)pany.10．TojointhePeople’sLiberationArmy,isrequiredformentoshaveofftheirbeards.11．doesn’tmatterwhethertherewillbedifficultiesinmunication,forloveisalwaysthethemeofeachpieceofmusic.12．IthinkImightsignupfortheairconditioningclass(I).

13．isnowclearthattheyneedconservationefforts.14．Eagertoshowtheirpersonalitiestotheworld,youngpeoplefindnationalidentityagoodwaytodistinguish(they)fromothers,andcultureistheperfectmediumtoexplainwhyyoungpeoplearepassionateabouttraditionalculture.15．Shedecidedtosupport(her)onhermusicaltalents.16．Afterwanderingaround,wefound(we)lostinastrangeroad.【能力提升】一、完形填空MyfirstjobwasatafastfoodrestaurantcalledCarroll’sinmyhometown.Onespringdaymynextdoorneighbor1metoapplyforworkwithherthere,andIagreedtohaveatry.Onelittle2wasthatIwasn’t16yet,soIjustchangedmybirthdateontheapplicationfromJulyto3.Luckily,theydidn’taskforanyIDtoprovemy4,becausetherewerefewapplicantsforthejob.Bothofuswere5.Thepaywas6,only$1.60/hourwithnotips.Iworkedatthe7andonlyboyswereallowedtoworkinthekitchen.Igotachancetomakemilkshakes,though,whichIconsideredkindoffun.Ialso8therelationshipswithalltheotherworkers,whoweremostlyeasygoingteenagers.Itwasgreatto9differentdiners.Therestaurantwaslocatedona10entrywayintotown,soallkindsofpeoplecamein.Onedayamaninplainclothes11butorderedmanysignaturedishes.Whenhecametomycountertocheckout,Iwas12tofindhewasmyidol.Besides13aboutmyage,IalsofailedtoinformthemanagerthatIwasleavinginJunetoattendsummercamp,somyfirstjobonlylastedafew14.Ithasbeenlonggone,butthe15intherestaurantremainsasweetmemoryofmylife.1．A．allowed B．invited C．forbade D．taught2．A．topic B．mistake C．difficulty D．opportunity3．A．March B．June C．August D．October4．A．address B．age C．name D．face5．A．fired B．interviewed C．refused D．accepted6．A．low B．high C．enough D