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2019考研英语二试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant
weightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethat
it2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfocusfrombeing
generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbad
tomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking
onlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflicted
withhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe
hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonth
tonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.
Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly
weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme
to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand
12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining
program.
Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.
Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,
thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall
health,fitnessandwell-being.TmexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceI
nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.Tvealsoexperiencedgreater
successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19Tmtrainingaccordingtothose
goals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,howyou
clothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides
2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps
3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially
4.AloweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording
5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify
6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition
7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto
8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly
9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims
10.A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead
11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report
12.A.approveofB.holdontoC.accountforD.dependon
13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare
14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsDresults
15.AanxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored
16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle
17.A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request
18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing
19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if
20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby
choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa
littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.
Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethat
suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy
researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood
thing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.
Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking
aboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychology
researcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalarger
recognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinone
contextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolved
toalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can
encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,
canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology
professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan
emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt
andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekids
whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupfbrthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,
whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute
forlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall
sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral
transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetoshare
themwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheyshared
appearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonesshared
more,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild's
deprivation.
"That'sgoodnews,MMaltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm
andwefeelregret/9
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp
A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopment
B)regulateachild'sbasicemotions
C)improveachild'sintellectualability
D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe
A)inexcusable
B)deception
C)addictive
D)burdensome
23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltconiesfromanawarenessthat
A)emotionsarecontext-independent
B)anemotioncanplayopposingroles
C)emotionaresociallyconstructive
D)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_
A.Teachings
B,discussions
C.Restrictions
D.wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst
climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe
carbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechange
wearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey
absorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.
Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire
reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes
onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung
treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying
capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sothey
growandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytrees
arealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.
Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedfbrsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,drought
andinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,
andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-
financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions,That9sonlya
smallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soit
willbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe
forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat
wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalready
underway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally
they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesfbrrecreation.Onlyrecently
havetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.
California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should
serveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallengestheauthorimpliesthat
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,“wemayneedto
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto__
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?
A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst
B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020
C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.
D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport
30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas__.
A.Ambiguous
B.Tolerant
C.Supportive
D.cautious
Text3
Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.The
complaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworks.
Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafbr
agriculturalworkersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchange
jobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange.Americanbusinesses,communities,and
consumerswillbethelosers.
PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch
workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.
Today'sformlaborers,whilestillpredominantlybominMexico,aremorelikelytobe
settledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle,They'realso
aging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof
35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debated
cureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.
workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.
Mechanizationisnottheanswereither-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,
rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-
intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotsdoa
smallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.
Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers
usingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsfbr
thevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.
TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafbrnonagriculturalwork
whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall
theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One
surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthejob
22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremove
someworkersanddriveothersunderground.
Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinand
berrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershaverespondedby
movingoperationstoMexico.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericans
consumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithad
increasedto25.8percent.
Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.
31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.
B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.
C.FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
D.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.
32.OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis__
A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants
B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers
C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers
D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers
33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.Sfarming?
A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.
B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.
C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.
D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportfbrfarmers.
34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisafbrits
A.slowgrantingprocedures
B.limitondurationofstay
C.tightenedrequirements
D.controlofannualadmissions
35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?
A.U.S.AgricultureinDecline?
B.ImportFoodorLabor?
C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?
D.Manpowervs.Automation?
Text4
ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It's
easytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideofor
WorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-use
plasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.
ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo
includeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Butthe
overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.
Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseof
whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor
quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.
Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withoutever
progressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactionsakindof"morallicensing^^that
allaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.
Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit
remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpower
thatimpliesthatas“consumers“wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens”
holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.
It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority-or
evenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeople
DoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombre
arguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeople
isforthechangetobestructural.
Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto
environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahas
justannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.“There
arealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchas
ensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.
DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjust
thatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,
approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.
Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto
perspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape
collectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizenspushing
forchange.
36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto
A.demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics
B.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics
C.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis
D.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis
37.Theauthorisconcernedthatmorallicensing"may
A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthings
B.preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts
C.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment
D.suppressourdesireforsuccess
38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens",theauthorindicatesthat
A.ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare
B.ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving
C.Wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights
D.Weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat
39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe
A.awin-winarrangement
B.aself-drivenmechanism
C.acost-effectiveapproach
D.atopdownprocess
40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts
A.canbetooaggressive
B.canbetooinconsistent
C.arefarfromsufficient
D.arefarfromrational
PartB
Directions:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsuitableheading
fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Markyouranswersonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
HowSeriouslyShouldParentsTakeKids'OpinionsWhenSearchingfora
Home?
Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain'skidshaveasingledemand:a
backyard.
McClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto
housing,andinmanycasesyoungsters5viewsweighheavilyonparents9realestate
decisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.
Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark
aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsaboutthe
financial,personalandlong-termeffectskids'opinionsmayhave.
Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp
themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,
saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.
"Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,
especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,99hesaid.
GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe's
notconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheiropinions
shouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,ifpossible.
Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey9rechoosingtheirhome-withoutactually
gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNew
York.
Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhome
willmakethemfeellikethey9rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Bailey
said.
Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren'taconsiderationfbrchildren,said
TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuch
emphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.
“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butI
wouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.^^Hampsonsaid.
Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybasetheirreal
estateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,
Calif.
“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,"hesaid."HGTV
hasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It5snotshelter,it'salifestyle.With
thatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.
Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,
Norrissaid.
Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeover
time,saidJulieGumer,arealestateanalystwith.
“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,Gurnersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,
thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrather
madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-and
givethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”
Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto
embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.
A.remarksthatsignificantmovesmay
posechallengestochildren.
41,RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthe
darkaboutrealestatedecisions.
42.AdamBaileyC.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnot
bebasedonlyonchildren'sopinions.
43.TraceyHampsonD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivena
senseofinvolvementinhome-buying
decisions.
44.AaronNorrisE
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