2023年考研英语二真题及答案官方版

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbad

tomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,but

thinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That

conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe

hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoa

monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtraining

program.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthand

incheslost.

Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoa

bimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itisless

importantfbrmeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweek

allowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.Thattellsme

whetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas

well.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15and

droppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersfbrmyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.TmexperiencingincreasedzealfbrworkingoutsinceI

nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperienced

greatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccording

tothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,how

yourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However

2.A.helpsB.caresC.warnsD.reduces

3.A.initiallyB.solelyC.occasionallyD.formally

4.A.recordingB.loweringC.explainingD.accepting

5.A.modifyB.setC.reviewD.reach

6.A.definitionB.depictionC.distributionD.prediction

7.A.duetoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.alongwith

8.A.orderlyB.rigidC.preciseD.immediate

9.A.claimsB.judgmentsC.reasonsD.methods

10.A.insteadB.thoughC.againD.indeed

11.A.reportB.trackC.overlookD.conceal

12.A.dependonB.approveofC.holdontoD.accountfor

13.A.prepareB.shareC.adjustD.confirm

14.A.resultsB.featuresC.rulesD.tests

15.A.boredB.anxiousC.hungryD.sick

16.A.principleB.secretC.beliefD.sign

17.A.requestB.necessityC.decisionD.wish

18.A.disappointingB.surprisingC.restrictingD.consuming

19.A.ifB.becauseC.unlessD.until

20.A.obsessingB.dominatingC.puzzlingD.triumphing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa

littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.

Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood

thing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalora

rethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve/9saysAmrishaVaish,a

psychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartof

alargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageous

inonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhave

evolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can

encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,

canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some

kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan

substituteforlowguilt.

Ina2023study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneones

sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe

otherchild'sdeprivation.

“That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm

andwefeelregret.^^

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.

A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C.improveachild'sintellectualability

D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe

A.inexcusable

B.deceptive

C.addictive

D.burdensome

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat

A.emotionsarecontext-independent

B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

D.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.

A.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

B.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

25.Theword"transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

A.teachings

B.wrongdoings

C.discussions

D.restrictions

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe

carbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimate

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle

balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks”longintothefuturemay

requirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,as

itdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-caiTying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringthefbresfscapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2023,drought

andinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2023

alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2023,and60,000by

2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.Thafs

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Only

recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.

California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should

serveasamodel.

26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges,theauthorimpliesthat

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

C.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

D.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,“wemayneedto

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

C.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

D.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

A.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

B.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

A.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2023.

C.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

D.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

30.Theauthor9sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas.

A.supportive

B.ambiguous

C.tolerant

D.cautious

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.

Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarm

workers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafor

agriculturalworkersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchange

jobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,

andconsumerswillbethelosers.

PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytoberoamedthansingle.

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall

along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisn'ttheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,

cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers

usingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2023,requests

forthevisasrosesharply;from2023to2023thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan

doubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultural

work,whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren't

givenalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,and

unreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkerto

arriveonthejob22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigration

raids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Ina2023survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandalmost80percentofraisin

andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesternfarmershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998to2023,14.5percentofthe

fruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareof

importswas25.8percent.

Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

B.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

C.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

D.FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

32.OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.

A.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

B.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

C.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

D.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.farming?

A.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

B.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

C.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

D.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits.

A.controlofannualadmissions

B.slowgrantingprocedures

C.limitondurationofstay

D.tightenedrequirements

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.Manpowervs.Automation?

B.U.S.AgricultureinDecline?

C.ImportFoodorLabor?

D.AmericaSavedbyMexico?

Text4

ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessagefbryou:

It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideo

forWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyour

single-useplasticstaplestocombattheplasticscrisis.

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo

includeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Butthe

overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseof

whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor

quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.

Theycouldevenbeharmful,satisfyinganeedtohave“doneourbit“withoutever

progressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions-akindof“morallicensing^^

thateasesourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit

remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpower

thatimpliesthatas“consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.

It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone9spriority-or

evenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGood

PeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebest

waytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechange

tobestructural.

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.India

hasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2023.”

Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,

suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It9sjust

thatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,

approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.

Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto

perspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape

collectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.

36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto.

A.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis

B.demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics

C.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics

D.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

37.Theauthorisconcernedthat"morallicensing"may.

A.suppressourdesirefbrsuccess

B.misleadusintodoingworthlessthings

C.preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts

D.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment

38.Bypointingoutouridentityas"citizens,“theauthorindicatesthat

A.weshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat

B.wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

C.ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

D.ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayfbracollectivechangeshouldbe

A.atop-downprocess

B.awin-winarrangement

C.aself-drivenmechanism

D.acost-effectiveapproach

40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts.

A.canbetooaggressive

B.canbetooinconsistent

C.arefarfromrational

D.arefarfromsufficient

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumnto

itscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesinthe

rightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids'opinionswhensearchingforahome?

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain'skidshaveasingledemand:a

backyard.

McClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto

housing,andinmanycasesyoungsters9viewsweighheavilyonparents'realestate

decisions,accordingtoa2023HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark

aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout

thefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids'opinionsmayhave.

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp

themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,

saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.

"Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,

especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,“hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerwithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe's

notconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheiropinions

shouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,if

possible.

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey'rechoosingtheirhome-withoutactually

gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNew

York.

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotential

homewillmakethemfeellikethey'rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,

Baileysaid.

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren,taconsiderationforchildren,said

TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoo

muchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.

“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butI

wouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions,Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybasetheirreal

estateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupin

Riverside,Calif.

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,“hesaid.

“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It'snotshelter,it'sa

lifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.^^

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem

personally,Norrissaid.

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychange

overtime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwithFitSmallB.

“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,Gurnersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,

thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrather

madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-

andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.^^

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

A.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallenges

tochildren.

41.RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkabout

realestatedecisions.

42.AdamBaileyC.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbebased

onlyonchildren'sopinions.

43.TraceyHampsonD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseof

involvementinhomebuyingdecisions.

44.AaronNorrisE.notesthataspectslikechildren'sfriendsandsocial

activitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.

45.JulieGurnerF.believesthathomebuyingdecisionsshouldbebased

onchildren'sneedsratherthantheiropinions.

G.assumesthatmanychildren'sviewsonrealestate

areinfluencedbythemedia.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

ItiseasytounderestimateEnglishwriterJamesHerriot.Hehadsuchapleasant,

readablestylethatonemightthinkthatanyonecouldimitateit.Howmanytimeshave

Iheardpeoplesay,“Icouldwriteab