4 Module4知能演练轻松闯关

第页eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解(2019·甘肃诊断)The2019NobelPrizeinPhysicsissharedbythreescientists,theRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedinStockholmonTuesday.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2019wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless,theotherhalftoF.DuncanM.HaldaneandJ.MichaelKosterlitzfor“theoreticaldiscoveriesoftopologicalphasetransitionsandtopologicalphasesofmatter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)”．Haldanesaidhewas“verysurprised”atthenews,addingthathewasgladthattheirdiscoveriesfoundsomethingpreviouslyunnoticedbymany,andthattheyrevealed“morepossibilitiesforlookingfornewmaterials”.Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona,andwillbesplitproperlybetweenthethreewinners.Thewinnersaregivenasumofmoneywhentheyreceivetheirprizes,intheformofadocumentconfirmingtheamountawarded.TheamountofprizemoneydependsuponhowmuchmoneytheNobelFoundation(基金会)canawardeachyear.Thepursehasincreasedsincethe1980s,whentheprizemoneywas880，000SEKperprize.In2009,themonetaryawardwas10millionSEK.InJune2019,itwasloweredto8millionSEK.Iftherearetwowinnersofaparticularprize,theawardmoneyisdividedequallybetweenthewinners.Iftherearethree,theawardingcommitteecanchoosetodividethemoneyequally,orawardone­halftoonewinnerandone­quartertoeachoftheothers.Itiscommonforwinnerstodonateprizemoneytobenefitscientific,cultural,orcharitablecauses.【解题导语】本文介绍了2019年诺贝尔物理学奖的归属以及诺贝尔奖的相关知识，包括奖金的金额、来源和分配。1．HowmuchprizemoneydoesThoulessget?A．8millionSwedishkrona.B．6millionSwedishkrona.C．4millionSwedishkrona.D．2millionSwedishkrona.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2019wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless...及第三段Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona...可知，2019年的奖金是800万瑞典克朗，而索利斯获得了一半的奖金。故选C项。2．Accordingtothepassage,Haldanethoughtthathiswork________．A．wasfarfromendingB．wasbasedonmanypreviousstudiesC．hadperfectlybeencompletedD．hadsurprisedthewholeworldA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.可知，霍尔丹指出还有很多工作仍在进行，即远远没有结束。故选A项。3．Theamountofprizemoney________．A．hasbeeneverincreasingsincethe1980sB．hasbeeneverdecreasingsincethe1980sC．remains880，000SEKeachyearafter2019D．differsaccordingtotheNobelFoundation’saffordabilityD解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，诺贝尔奖的奖金金额并不是固定的，而是根据每年诺贝尔基金会所能奖励的金额而决定。故选D项。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Thepurposeoftheawardmoney.B．Thenumberofwinnersperprize.C．Howthewinnersareselected.D．Howtheawardmoneyisdealtwith.D解析：段落大意题。最后一段讲了诺贝尔奖奖金的分配及获奖人如何利用这些奖金。故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五(2019·南昌十校模拟)Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly?1.________Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithCoke.It’samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2.________You’llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterstainswithorangepeels.You’vejusteatenanorange.3.________Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub(擦)themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4.________Afterwards,removetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain.5．________Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon­toxic(无毒的)?Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner.C．Followthestepsgivenbelow.D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．Theyleavenomarksorscratches.F．Insteadofdrinkingit,useittocleanthetoiletbowl.G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。1．C解析：根据空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。2．F解析：本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。3．A解析：根据下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels...”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。4．E解析：根据上文中的“Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。5．B解析：根据下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon­toxic(无毒的)？”“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空(2019·银川检测)WorldReadAloudDayiscelebratedeachyearonthefirstWednesdayofMarch.It1.____________(start)bytheLitWin2019andhasnowreached65countries.Theaimistoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Itswebsiteaskseveryone2.____________(celebrate)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite3.____________(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasks4.____________(visit)tojoininthemovementtoreduce5._________numberofilliterate(不识字的)peopleintheworld.Itis6.__________(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocannotread.Thewebsitesays,“It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto7.____________mightlikeit.Shareabookwithachildwhomightneedit,shareastorywithsomeonewhowouldtreasureit,andlistenpatiently8.____________someoneelse’sstoryastheysharewithyou.”TheUnitedNationssays，“Literacyinvolvesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,9.____________toparticipatefullyinsociety.”Inthatway,WorldReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea10.____________(different)．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了WorldReadAloudDay(世界朗读日)。1．wasstarted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。WorldReadAloudDay在2019年由LitW发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in2019”，故用一般过去时。2．tocelebrate解析：考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。3．belongs解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为theright，故填belongs。4．visitors解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。5．the解析：考查冠词。thenumberof...是固定搭配，表示“……的数量”。6．absolutely解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。7．whoever解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。8．to解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listento是固定搭配。9．and解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。10．difference解析：考查名词。makeadifference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改错(2019·武汉武昌区调研)WhenIwasintheGradeOne，IwasterriblepoorinEnglish.BesleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileIgotthepapers，IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifIlistenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouinEnglishnow,you’llmakeit.”Ican’tagreemuch.Fromthenon，Ibegantostudy