2020年考研英语真题试卷及答案

2020年英语考研真题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncethecase,

millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthe

nation'sgreattraditions:theSundayroast.—1—acoldwinter'sday,fewculinary

pleasurescan_2_it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis

—3—shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure_4—todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has_5_apublicwarningabouttherisks

ofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked_6—high

temperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould_7—crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurn

thin-crustpizzasandonly_8—toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidenceto

supportsuchalarmistadvice?_9_studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancause

neurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno_10—evidencethatitcausescancerin

humans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis"_11—tobecarcinogenic'*buthavenohard

scientificproof.—12—theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis

—13—tofollowtheFSAadvice.—14—,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancer

foryearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea_15_.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe_16—uponSundayalongside

somesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlife

beworthliving?—17—,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods

_18—,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their_19—riskscoming

acrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust_20—withnoone

listening.

1.AinBTowardsCOnDTill

2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence

3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern

4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed

5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled

6.AunderBatCforDby

7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid

8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially

9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile

10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative

11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow

12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto

13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate

14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall

15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern

16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused

17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral

18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully

19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition

20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40

points)

Text1

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyear

withacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsit

alongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhas

beenawardedtoCoventryforZozLCooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccess

ofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,

outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain*town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,

buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbigger

competitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,

attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizefbrthefactthatBritainisno

longerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalof

culture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.nA

cynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendless

feverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearof

culturenwashesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbut

leavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuch

titlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringin

high-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsof

thepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmore

optimisticlight.

Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellas

cooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsand

culturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalof

culturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthe

cityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown's

peculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveall

celebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

2X.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata''townofculture*1awardwould___・

A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain

B.promotecooperationamongBrain*stowns

C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain*stowns

D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas.

A.asensiblecompromise

B.aself-deceivingattempt

C.aneye-catchingbonus

D.aninaccessibletarget

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent

A.acontrastingcase

B.asupportingexample

C.abackgroundstory

D.arelatedtopic

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

A.Skeptical

B.Objective

C.Favorable

D.Critical

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneed

journalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithout

monetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalso

forfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproduction

ofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfnda

marketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotveryprice

sensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%on

theiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistential

crisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers

producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUK

universitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheir

ownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespite

increasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceof

Sci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnow

claimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.Thesuccessof

Sci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegally

accessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbe

transformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfunding

bodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritish

scientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailable

fromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthe

publisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.

Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreaders

bychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserange

fromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothof

subscriptionsandofthese99articlepreparationcosts“hadbeensteadilyrisingatarate

aboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomy

ofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,while

hugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,we

needarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney**partlybecause__

A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

C.revivedthepublishingindustry.

D.financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

A.Relieved.

B.Puzzled.

C.Concerned

D.Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

B.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

C.reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

D.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

A.Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

B.Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

C.Costsarewellcontrolled.

D.Thefewfeedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawayto

leveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformof

virtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaverage

people.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouse

SpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsand

commissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-government

boardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemore

suchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebills

becomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentof

boardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyear

becamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthe

measure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpressly

classifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyare

designedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawapplies

toallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikely

torulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection11.

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationon

corporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneral

population,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithout

governmentinterference.AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015

theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboard

membershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.Thatis

exactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WrtinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberof

opportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomen

toserveonsuchboardshasledtoangoldenskirtnphenomenon,wherethesameelite

womenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,

rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheir

sponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias.

B.poseathreattothestategovernment.

C.raisewomen*spositioninpolitics.

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions.

32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt,

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoilustrate

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguaranees.

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.

34.Norway*sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole.

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

Text4

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwould

imposeanentirelynewtax

onlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersin

France.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforselling

goodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetax

appliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservces.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmedia

outletshavereferredtothisasa“GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapply

primarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,

multiationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,

whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenext

fewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSates

traderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminates

againstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainst

France.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.

Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthe

pastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltax

provisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia's

MAAL(multinationalantiavoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomic

presence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,

Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservices

taxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesigned

totaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavea

righttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,

theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeep;upwiththe

currenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomic

CooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriesto

reachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceand

theUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization*swork,butFrance'sdigitalservices

taxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsforthe

internationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbe

reachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollow

suit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensof

nationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.

B.protectFrenchcompanies*interests.

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals.

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad.

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions.

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.

38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat

A.redistributionoftechgiants1revenuemustbeensured.

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading.

C.techmultinationals*monopolyshouldbeprevented.

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.

39.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO*scurrentwork

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately.

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects.

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries.

40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethe.besttitleforthistext?

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSaysHNOntoTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

PartB

Directions：Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions

41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachof

thenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinany

ofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Eyefixactionsarebrief

B.Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

C.Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

D.Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

E.Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

F.Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

G.Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouare

payingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhena

politicalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseye

contactthatsignalshostility.Here*swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

41.________________

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,and

shewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetween

motherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbea

complimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowded

room,"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidenceacommon-sense

notionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.

42.________

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedthe

amountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhen

thedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmen

withsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specific

brainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,

usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.

43._______

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedy

SchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsof

messages,dependingonthesituationWhileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnection

ortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceOF

intimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmight

behelpfultokeep*inmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou're

tryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

44.________

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,often

ontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andthe

eyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageare

registeredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledand

perceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

45._______

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimension

associatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivity

associatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenand

colleagues.Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyare

thecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer-MAmoredirectfinding

isthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersfor

shorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnot

lookdirectlyatthem.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions：Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknown

astheRenaissance,themodernworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.

ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinstead

favouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.Renaissanceideashadspread

throughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishing

extraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.46.With(thegap

between)thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbythe

Renaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodemperiodshadbeenbridged,

leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,Johannes

KeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.

47.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmore

ancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthe

centreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,allofthe

planetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwas

laterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeof

hightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andany

suchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonment

orevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifefor

hisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.

48.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong・annthisnewgenerationof

logiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwere

beingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch-couldnolongerignore.

Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreason

wasborn.

TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefbrtruthto

rationalistsandscientists.Thisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthat

sweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.49.Asmanytookontheduty

oftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.The

Renaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.

Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobe

encouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.50.Suchactionstoseek

knowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbythe

Latinphrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow：afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessay

AnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeand

responsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedto

befoundedinknowledge.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

Directions:TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformthe

internationalstudentsanupcomingsingingcontest.Writeanoticein

about100words.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET,Donotuse

yournameinthenotice.

PartB

52:Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,you

should:

1)Describethepicturebriefly;

2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

3)Giveyourcomments

【参考答案】

[1-5]CABDA[6-10]BDADC[11-15]CABDC[16-20]BABCD

[21-25]CBDAC[26-30]DACAD[31-35]ACDCB[36-40]CABCB

[41-45]CEGAD

【参考