2021-2022学年四川省遂宁市第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年四川省遂宁中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的班级、姓名和准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上。2.选择题用2B铅笔在对应的题号涂黑答案。主观题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。3.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第I卷（选择题共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewoman?A.Astudent. B.Ateacher. C.Asaleswoman.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.I’dliketoknowwhethertheFrenchdictionaryIorderedhasarrived.W:Justamoment,sir.Letmecheckitforyou.Ohyes,ithas.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillthemandoonFriday?A.Seeafilm. B.Attendalecture. C.Gotothetheater.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:ShallwegotothetheateronFriday?M:Well,whatI’dreallyliketoseeisafilm,butIhavetogotoalecture.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichcharacteristhewoman’sfavoriteinFriends?A.Monica. B.Phoebe. C.Joey.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:WhichcharacterdoyoulikemostintheTVseriesFriends?W:IlikePhoebemost,becausesheisveryeasy-going.AndIthinkJoeyisafunnyman.Howaboutyou?M:IlikeMonicamost.Sheismostattractive.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemancomplainingabout?A.Hiscareer. B.Hishealth. C.Hiskid.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howisyourjobgoing,Jack?M:Ifindteachingboring.Youknow,I’vealwayswantedtobeapilotsinceIwasalittlekid.W:Thatisanadmirableprofession.M:Absolutely,andmyphysicalconditionisperfectforthejob.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whomwillthemancelebratethefestivalwith?A.Hisbrother. B.Hisparents. C.Hisgrandparents.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:WhereareyouplanningtospendtheMid-AutumnFestival,Mary?W:Ithoughtaboutvisitingmygrandparents,butmybrotherinvitedmetogotohishome.Howaboutyou?M:Well,Iwouldliketospendthedaywithmyparents.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.What’sthewomandoing?A.Makinganinvitation. B.Askingforhelp. C.Givingadvice.7.Whatdoesthemanplantodotoday?A.Playtennis. B.Goonatrip. C.HelpEmilystudy.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Canyouplaytenniswithmetoday,Tom?M:IamafraidIcan’t.IhavedecidedtogoandhelpEmilywithherEnglish.Ifshefailsinthefinalexamination,shewon’tbeabletogoonthetripwithus.W:Isee.Goodlucktoher.M:Thanks.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howmuchisaticket?A.£3. B.£6. C.£12.9.Whenshouldthewomancollecttheticketsatthelatest?A.At6:00pm. B.At7:00pm. C.At8:00pm.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,GrandCinema.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:DoyouhaveanyticketsforTheSmurfsthisSaturdayevening?M:Whattimedoyouwanttosee?5:30pmor8:00pm?W:8:00pm,please.M:Right.Twoticketsat6pounds,Saturday,8:00pm.Couldyoutellmeyourname?W:SusanRobert.M:Remembertocollecttheticketsonehourbeforethefilmstarts.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.HowmanypeoplearethereinPeter’sfamily?A.3 B.4. C.5.11.Whendothewholefamilywalkthedog?A.OnFriday. B.OnSaturday. C.OnSunday.12.WhatdoesPeterdoathome?A.Dothelaundry. B.Cookfood. C.Sweepthefloor.【答案】10.B11.B12.C【解析】【原文】W:Peter,doyouliveintheredhouseattheendoftheroad?M:Yes,Iliveinthathousewithmyparentsandmysister.Wealsohaveadog.W:Doyoutakeyourdogforawalkeveryday?M:No.MyfathertakesthedogforawalkonSunday.AndItakethedogforawalkonFriday.Mymomandmysisterwalkhimontheotherworkdays.W:WhowalksthedogonSaturday?M:OnSaturdayweallgototheparkandthedogcomeswithus.W:Doyouhelpwiththehousework?M:Yes.Mymomandmysisterdothelaundry,myfatherdoesthecooking,andIsweepthefloor.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Hot. B.Cold. C.Cool.14.Whatdoesthemanlikedoingmost?A.Playinginthepool.B.Playingcomputergames.C.Readingbooks.15.Howoftendoesthemandoexercise?A.Hardlyever. B.Onceaweek C.Twiceaweek.16.WherewillthespeakersbenextSaturdaynight?A.Inacinema. B.Inabookstore. C.Atthewoman’shouse.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Whatareyoudoing?M:IamwatchingthemovieForrestGump.W:Ican’tbelieveyouarewatchingamovie.Theweatherisgreat.Youshouldbeoutside.M:Ihatethehotweather.I’dratherstayindoorswiththeairconditioner.W:Whatelsedoyouliketodobesideswatchingmovies?M:Iliketoplaycomputergames,readbooks,goshopping,andplayinthepool.W:Outofthosewhatisyourfavorite?M:Myfavoriteistoplaycomputergames.W:Whatisyourfavoritecomputergame?M:MyfavoriteisDotA.ItusedtobeStarCraft,butitisgettingalittleold.W:Ifyouliketoplaysomuch,whendoyoueverexercise?M:AlthoughIhatetoexercise,Igojoggingtwiceaweek.W:That’sprettygood.Bytheway,whatareyoudoingnextSaturday?M:Iamgoingtogotothebookstore.W:IamhavingapartyonSaturdaynightatmyhouse.Ifyouhavetime,youshouldcome.M:Thatsoundslikefun.W:Great.I’llseeyouonSaturday.M:OK.Seeyoulater.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher. B.Aneditor. C.Astudent.18.Whatisnecessaryforavolunteer?A.Communicationskills. B.Highscores. C.Experience.19.What’sthebestreasonfortakingthejob?A.Tolearntowrite. B.Tomakemoney. C.Tohavefun.20.Whenarevolunteersexpectedtostartworking?A.Rightafterthemeeting. B.Tomorrow. C.Nextweek.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello!I’mHarvardSmith.AstheeditorofTheVoice,I’dliketointroduceyoutoourschooldailynewspaper.Weneedvolunteerstohelpuswithournewspaper.Experienceisn’tabsolutelynecessary.Butweneedpeoplewithwritingandtypingskills.SinceTheVoicecomesoutfivedaysaweek,weneedexcellentstudentswhoknowhowtoplantheirtimewell.Goodgradesarenecessary.Wecanpayyou,dependingonyourwork.Butdon’texpecttogetrich.Thisisn’tsomethingyoudoforthemoney.Mostlyit’sjustforfun.Anyonewhoisinterestedinthisjobshouldspeaktomeimmediatelyafterthismeeting.Bepreparedtostartrightnow.Thefirstissuegoestopresstomorrow.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AInthefightagainstCOVID-19,manynationalheroeshavebecomewell-knowntothepublic.OnAugust11,2020,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcommended(表彰)fourofthemfortheiroutstandingcontribution(杰出的贡献).ZhongNanshanZhongNanshanwasgiventheMedaloftheRepublic.HehasbeenleadingtheChinesegovernment’seffortsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.TheoldexpertgotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.“ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.TheyareZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei.ZhangBoliZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)expert.HehasbeeninchargeoftheresearchofCOVID-19treatmentsconnectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.ZhangDingyuZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.However,hechosetostaywithhispartnersinChenWeiChenWeiisaprofessor.ShehasmadegreatachievementsintheresearchonCOVID-19.SheisalsooneofthekeyleadersinChina’sEbolavaccine(埃博拉疫苗)research.Thepurposeofgivingthenation’stophonorstothesepeoplewastoshowthegreatcourageandthespiritofworkingtogetheroftheChinesepeople.21.Howmanypeoplewasgiven“thePeople’sHero”byChinesePresidentXiJinping?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.22.Whosufferedfromadiseasein2018accordingtothepassage?A.ZhongNanshan. B.ZhangDingyu. C.ZhangBoli. D.ChenWei.23.Whichofthefollowingisrightinthepassage?A.ChenWeiistheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanB.ZhangDingyuisatraditionalChinesemedicineexpert.C.ZhongNanshangotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.D.ChenWeihasbeeninchargeoftheresearchconnectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲了在抗击新冠肺炎的斗争中，许多民族英雄为公众所熟知。2020年8月11日，中国国家主席习近平对其中4人的杰出贡献给予表彰。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中““ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.TheyareZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei.”（“人民英雄”奖授予另外三人。他们是张伯利，张定宇和陈薇）可知中国国家主席习近平授予三人“人民英雄”称号。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.”（张定宇是2020年武汉金银潭医院院长。2018年，他生病了）可知2018年张定宇生病了。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“ZhongNanshanwasgiventheMedaloftheRepublic.HehasbeenleadingtheChinesegovernment’seffortsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.TheoldexpertgotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.”（钟南山被授予共和国勋章。他一直在领导中国政府抗击新冠肺炎疫情。这位老专家得出的结论是，COVID-19可能会在人与人之间传播）可知钟南山得出新冠病毒可能在人与人之间传播的结论。故选C。BBeforegoingbacktoworkoneafternoon,PolicemanLitookabigbiteoutoftheredappleonhisdesk.Hehadnotimetoeathislunchthatday.Hewasbusydealingwithatrafficaccidentreport.ItseemedthatamannamedWangJiehadrunaredlight,runningintoanotherperson’scar.Buthesaidthatthelighthadbeengreenwhenhedroveacrossthecrossing.LidecidedtoquestionWangJieagain.Maybehecouldgetsomemoreinformationabouttheaccident.ThistimeWangJiestillinsistedthatthelightwasgreenwhenhedroveacrossthecrossing.LihadnoreasontodoubtwhatWangJiesaid.HetoldWangJiethathewasfreetogo.“Thankyousomuch,PolicemanLi.Bytheway,thatgreenappleonyourdesklooksdelicious!Ihopeyouenjoyit!”WangJiesaidwithasmile.Listoppedforamoment.“Wait.Sitbackdown.Ithinkweneedtotalksomemore.”WhenWangJiedescribedLi’sredappleasbeinggreen,LirealizedthatWangJiemusthaverunaredlight.24.WhatcoloristheappleonPolicemanLi’sdesk?A.Red. B.Green. C.Colorful. D.Redandgreen.25.Theunderlinedwords“whatWangJiesaid”mean_________.A.WangJiehadrunaredlightB.WangJiedidn’trunintoanotherperson’scarC.thelightwasgreenwhenWangJiedroveacrossthecrossingDthegreenappleonthedesklookeddelicious26.WhatdoyouthinkofPolicemanLi?A.Heislazy. B.Heisclever. C.Heisstupid. D.Heishandsome.27.Fromthepassagewecaninfer__________.A.WangJiecouldn’tdriveB.WangJiewasapolicemanC.WangJiestolesomethingD.WangJiemightbecolor-blind【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了李警察通过一个苹果的颜色来判断一场车祸事故的肇事方是否闯红灯的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Beforegoingbacktoworkoneafternoon,PolicemanLitookabigbiteoutoftheredappleonhisdesk.”（一天下午，在回去上班之前，李警察在桌上的红苹果上咬了一大口。）说明李警察桌子上的苹果是红色的。故选A项。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词语前句“ThistimeWangJiestillinsistedthatthelightwasgreenwhenhedroveacrossthecrossing.”（这一次，王杰仍然坚持说，当他开车穿过十字路口时，交通灯是绿灯。）说明划线词语“whatWangJiesaid”表示王杰开车穿过十字路口时交通灯是绿灯。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WhenWangJiedescribedLi’sredappleasbeinggreen,LirealizedthatWangJiemusthaverunaredlight.”（当王杰形容李警察的红苹果是绿色时，李警察意识到王杰一定闯了红灯。）说明李警察发现王杰可能色盲，他是非常聪明的。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Beforegoingbacktoworkoneafternoon,PolicemanLitookabigbiteoutoftheredappleonhisdesk.”（一天下午，在回去上班之前，李警察在桌上的红苹果上咬了一大口。）以及最后一段“WhenWangJiedescribedLi’sredappleasbeinggreen,LirealizedthatWangJiemusthaverunaredlight.”（当王杰形容李警察的红苹果是绿色时，李警察意识到王杰一定闯了红灯。）说明王杰可能是色盲，不能分辨颜色。故选D项。CMorechildreninChinaareputtingonweight.In2018,16percentofChinesechildrenwereoverweight,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission(NHC).Beingtoofatisbadforchildren’shealth.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),overweightchildrenaremorelikelytodevelopdiseaseslikediabetes(糖尿病)atayoungerage.Thiscanleadtoahigherchanceofearlierdeath.OnOct23rd,theNHC,togetherwithfiveothernationaldepartments,workedoutaplan.Theplanaimstoreducethegrowthoffatnessamongchildrenaged0—18yearsby70percentfrom2020to2030,Xinhuareported.Kidsareputtingonweightbecauseofchangesintheirdietandlifestyle,accordingtoexperts.Toomuchschoolworkandgreateruseofelectronicdevices(电子产品)couldalsobeacause.Accordingtotheplan,teachersshouldnotallowtheirclassestoruntoolateortooearly.Theyshouldmakesurethatstudentshavebreaksandenoughphysical(躯体上的)activity.Schoolstudentsshouldhaveatleastthreehoursofactivephysicalactivityeachweek.Parentsshouldreducetheirchildren’suseofelectronicdevicesandstoptheirchildrenfromeatingfoodsthatarehighinsugar,fatandsalt.28.AccordingtotheWHO,weknow________.A.16%ofChinesechildrenwereoverweightin2018B.beingtoofatisgoodforchildren’shealthC.overweightchildrenaremorelikelytodevelopdiseasesD.fatnesscanleadtoahigherchanceoflonglife29.WhichoneisNOTexperts’opinion?A.Weshouldreducethegrowthoffatnessamongadults.B.Changinginchildren’sdietandlifestyleleadstobeingtoofat.C.Toomuchschoolworkmaybeleadstobeingtoofat.D.Greateruseofelectronicdevicescouldcausechildrentoputonweight.30.A.threehoursadayB.morethanthreehourseverydayC.atleastthreehourseachweekD.lessthanthreehourseachmonth31.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Overweightisn’taproblem.B.Saynotochildren’sgettingtoofat.C.Puttingonweightisnecessaryforthekids.D.Teachersshouldnotallowtheirclassestoruntoolate.【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了针对中国孩子面临的肥胖问题，国家卫生健康委会同国家五部门制定了一个减少0-18岁儿童肥胖的计划，并介绍了计划中老师、学校和家长各方的责任，力争让孩子们不再肥胖。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),overweightchildrenaremorelikelytodevelopdiseaseslikediabetes(糖尿病)atayoungerage.(根据世界卫生组织数据，超重的儿童更容易患糖尿病等疾病)”可知，超重的儿童更容易患疾病。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Kidsareputtingonweightbecauseofchangesintheirdietandlifestyle,accordingtoexperts.Toomuchschoolworkandgreateruseofelectronicdevices(电子产品)couldalsobeacause.(根据专家的说法，孩子们的体重增加是因为他们的饮食和生活方式的改变。太多的家庭作业和过多地使用电子产品也可能是一个原因)”可知，专家认为，饮食和生活方式的改变、太多的家庭作业和过多地使用电子产品是造成孩子们的体重增加的原因，所以B、C、D三项是专家观点，A项不是。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Schoolstudentsshouldhaveatleastthreehoursofactivephysicalactivityeachweek.(学校学生每周至少应该有三个小时的体育活动)”可知，学生每周至少应该有三个小时的体育活动。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了针对中国孩子面临的肥胖问题，国家卫生健康委会同国家五部门制定了一个减少0-18岁儿童肥胖的计划，并介绍了计划中老师、学校和家长各方的责任，力争让孩子们不再肥胖，B项“Saynotochildren’sgettingtoofat.(对孩子们太胖说不)”是计划的目标，也是文章大意最佳概括。故选B项。DMicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.MicheleownsExLibrisCafeinPolla，asmalltowninsouthernItaly.Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogram,becausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.''MygoalistospreadthepassionandloveforbooksamongthosepeopleinItalywhodonotusuallyreadwhileatthetimehelpingtheenvironment,"Gentileexplained.Theideafortheinitiative(倡议)cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.Workingtogether,theschoolchildrenandGentilecollectedenoughcanstopurchasebooksforanentireclassroom.HisnewprogramtooofffromthereandhasalreadyspreadintonorthernItaly:Gentile'shopeshisworkwillcontinuetomakeheadlinesandbecomeaworldwideinitiative.ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea''suspended"book.TheideacomesfromaWorldWarIIpracticeinwhichcustomerswouldbuytwoCoffees:oneforthemselvesandanotherforthenextpersoninline.Gentilehasbeenusingtheextrabooksaspartofhisrecyclinginitiative,WhileGentile'sprogramisagreatwaytorecycleandgetkidstoread,italsobringsawarenesstothegrowingproblemofplasticwaste.Single-useplasticsmakeuparound26percentofalltheplasticsintheworld,only14percentofwhicharerecycled.Plasticsthatendupinlandfillstakearound500yearstodecompose(分解),isamajorconcernforenvironmentalists.Cuttingdownonplasticwasteisimportantifwewanttobettertheenvironmentforfuturegenerations,andrecyclingprogramslikeGentile'sbookgiveawayareagreatwaytomeetthatgoal.32.WhatisthepurposeofGentile'sbookgiveaway?A.Tosellmorecoffeeandbooks. B.Toattractmorecustomers.C.Tocollectmoneyforanewproject. D.Toinspirereadingandrecycling.33.HowdidGentilecomeupwiththeidea?A.Workingwithaschooltorecyclecans. B.Seeingschoolkidsdon'tlikereading.C.Donatingbooksforalocalschool. D.Buyinga“suspended”bookforachild.34Whopayforthebooksoftheproject?A.Thelocalgovernment. B.Gentilehimself.C.Somepublishers. D.Hiscustomers.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnItalian'sReadingInitiative B.RecyclingCanGetKidsFreeBooksC.Michele'sWayofDoingBusiness D.ANewWaytoDealwithPlasticWaste【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。意大利书商MicheleGentile发起了一项“拿瓶换书”的活动，只要孩子们拿一个塑料瓶和一个铝罐就可以跟他换一本书，以此来鼓励孩子们阅读和环保。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogram,becausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.(他说他想到了环保的项目，他想启发和鼓励这个小镇的孩子们阅读和关注环保)可知，Michele的目的是鼓励和启发孩子们阅读和环保。D.Toinspirereadingandrecycling.(鼓励阅读和环保)符合以上说法。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Theideafortheinitiative(倡议)cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.(这个倡议的想法是在和附近的一个中学合作铝回收项目之后产生的)可知，和一所中学合作铝回收的项目让Michele有了这个想法。A.Workingwithaschooltorecyclecans.(和一所学校合作铝罐回收)符合以上说法。故选A项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段的ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea''suspended"book.(这些免费图书来自于Gentile书店的顾客，他们捐钱买了一本“暂停使用”的书)可知，书店的顾客为图书付了钱。D.Hiscustomers.(他的顾客)符合以上说法。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.(一位名叫MicheleGentile的书商正在为孩子们提供可回收的塑料瓶可以换得的免费书籍)可知，本文主要讲述MicheleGentile让孩子通过可回收利用的塑料瓶来换免费书籍的故事。B.RecyclingCanGetKidsFreeBooks.(可循环的罐子让孩子得到免费书籍)可以作为本文标题。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenitcomestohavingfuninthesun,it’seasytolosetrackoftime.Ifyou’renotcareful,thiscanbequitedangerous.____36____Butitcaneasilybeprevented—allyouneedisalittlesunscreen.____37____Peoplehavebeenusingchemicalpastestoprotectthemselvesfromthesunforcenturies.ButthefirstmodemsunscreensoldonthemarketwasofferedbyFrenchcompany:L’orealin1935.Severalothercompanieswerequicktoreleasetheirownsunscreens.Perhapsthebiggestadvancementintheworldofsunscreencameinthe1970s,whenscientistsstartedlookingatthesunprotectionfactor,orSPF.____38____Theadvantagesofusingsunscreenareobvious.Itlimitsthepainfuleffectsofsunburn.____39____MillionsofpeoplehavediedfromskincancercausedbyultravioletraysfromtheSUITL.Remembertoapplysunscreen30minutesbeforegoingoutside.Unfortunately,therearemanymistakenideasaboutsunscreen.____40____Somealsothinkyouonlyneedtoputitononceforawholeday’sprotectionorthatyoudon’tneeditoncloudydays.Noneofthesethingsaretrue.Expertssayyoushouldapplysunscreeneverytwohourswhenoutside-inthedaytime,nomatterhowdarkyourskinisorwhattheweatherislike.A.Anditcanevensaveyourlife.B.Sunscreenisnotexactlyarecentinvention.CChoosingasunscreenisn’tassimpleasitusedtobe.D.Indirectsunlight,sunburncanoccurinlessthan15minutes.E.Thisratingisanumberthatshowshoweffectiveasunscreenis.F.It’sbelievedthatyoudon’tneedmuchsunscreenifyouhavedarkskin.G.Somethinkagoodmethodistocoverasmuchaspossiblewithprotectiveclothing.【答案】36.D37.B38.E39.A40.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防晒霜，介绍了防晒霜的作用、历史、好处以及一些错误观念等。【36题详解】根据上文“Whenitcomestohavingfuninthesun,it’seasytolosetrackoftime.Ifyou’renotcareful,thiscanbequitedangerous.(说到在阳光下玩得开心，人们很容易忘记时间。如果你不小心，这可能是相当危险的)”以及后文“Butitcaneasilybeprevented—allyouneedisalittlesunscreen.(但这很容易预防——你所需要的只是一点点防晒霜)”可知，上文提到在阳光下玩耍不注意会很危险，后文提到了防晒霜，可推测本句是在说明这一危险是晒伤。故D选项“在阳光直射下，不到15分钟就会被晒伤”符合语境，故选D。【37题详解】根据后文“Peoplehavebeenusingchemicalpastestoprotectthemselvesfromthesunforcenturies.ButthefirstmodemsunscreensoldonthemarketwasofferedbyFrenchcompany:L’orealin1935.(几个世纪以来，人们一直使用化学浆糊来保护自己免受日晒。但1935年，法国公司欧莱雅在市场上推出了第一款现代防晒霜)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的发明历史，故B选项“防晒霜并不是最近才发明的”符合语境，故选B。38题详解】根据上文“Severalothercompanieswerequicktoreleasetheirownsunscreens.Perhapsthebiggestadvancementintheworldofsunscreencameinthe1970s,whenscientistsstartedlookingatthesunprotectionfactor,orSPF.(其他几家公司也迅速推出了自己的防晒霜。也许防晒霜世界上最大的进步出现在20世纪70年代，当时科学家们开始研究防晒系数)”可知，上文提到了“防晒系数”一次，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对此进行解释说明，E选项中Thisrating对应上文中SPF。故E选项“这个等级是一个显示防晒霜的效果的数字”符合语境，故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“Theadvantagesofusingsunscreenareobvious.Itlimitsthepainfuleffectsofsunburn.(使用防晒霜的好处是显而易见的。它能减轻晒伤带来的痛苦)”以及后文“MillionsofpeoplehavediedfromskincancercausedbyultravioletraysfromtheSUITL.(数百万人死于SUITL的紫外线引起的皮肤癌)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的益处，后文提到了很多人死于皮肤癌，可推测防晒霜还可以拯救生命，A选项中it指代上文sunscreen。故A选项“它甚至可以拯救你的生命”符合语境，故选A。【40题详解】根据上文“Unfortunately,therearemanymistakenideasaboutsunscreen.(不幸的是，关于防晒霜有很多错误的观念)”以及后文“Somealsothinkyouonlyneedtoputitononceforawholeday’sprotectionorthatyoudon’tneeditoncloudydays.Noneofthesethingsaretrue.Expertssayyoushouldapplysunscreeneverytwohourswhenoutside-inthedaytime,nomatterhowdarkyourskinisorwhattheweatherislike.(也有些人认为你只需要涂一次就能保护一整天，或者阴天不需要。这些都不是真的。专家说，在户外每两个小时就应该涂一次防晒霜——在白天，无论你的皮肤有多黑或天气如何)”可知，本段主要是关于防晒霜的一些误解，故本句承接上文具体说明人们的误解是什么，F选项中youhavedarkskin对应后文中howdarkyourskin。故F选项“人们认为，如果你是深色皮肤，你不需要太多的防晒霜”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyoneadmiresheroes.Whenweareasked____41____areourheroes,someonewell-knownlikeYangLiweiorZhongNanshanmaycomeintomind.Theymakeabigdifferencetotheworld.____42____,thereare“everyday”heroesinourdailylife.Theymaynotbeso____43____tothepublic,butthesecommonpeoplearealsoworkinghardtobuildabetterworld.____44____themisSunJun.SunJuncomesfromapoorvillage.Thevillagersusedtohavenoenoughfood.Heknewmuchaboutthe____45____.Helearnedto____46____foodathisearlyage.Whenhewasacollegestudent,hefoundthattheproblemoffoodwastewasmoreandmore____47____.Hestartedto____48____unsoldfoodfromrestaurantsandstoresforhomelesspeople.Aftergraduating,SunJunjoinedavolunteer____49____calledGreenFoodBank,whichwassetupinShanghaiin2014.Thepurposeoftheorganizationistobuildabridgebetweenpeoplewhoarereadytohelpothersandthosewhoare____50____.Itworksbycollectingand____51____freefoodforthepoor,thedisabledandsoon.Sun’steamdevelopedaphoneapp.Itcanshowhowmuchfoodrestaurantsremaineachday.Usually,theworkplacesofvolunteersarenotfarfromtherestaurants,____52____theycanjustwalktheretogetthefoodforfree.Thenitcanbegivenoutinjustafew____53____.Sofar,Sunandhisteamhavedonesomething____54____tothesociety.Ontheonehand,they’vesavedalotoffood.Ontheotherhand,they’vehelpedsomepeople____55____.Morevolunteersandrestaurantsjointhemnow.Thesmallactionsoftheseheroescanmakea____56____influencethanweimagine.WhydoesSundo____57____thesethings?Hesays,“ThankstoGrandpaYuanLongping,wearealmostnolongershortoffood.Weneedtothinkabouthowto____58____wasting.There’salongwaytogo,butIwon’t____59____halfway.It’sjustthebeginning.Westillhave____60____todo.”41.A.that B.what C.who D.which42.A.However B.But C.Though D.Or43.A.friendly B.polite C.famous D.smart44.A.Among B.Between C.For D.Without45.A.danger B.hunger C.nature D.culture46.A.make B.waste C.use D.save47.A.different B.popular C.serious D.difficult48.A.eat B.collect C.cook D.taste49.A.party B.club C.organization D.school50.A.inneed B.insilence C.inexcitement D.insurprise51.A.providing B.buying C.selling D.borrowing52.A.until B.if C.because D.so53.A.weeks B.hours C.days D.months54.A.careful B.peaceful C.meaningful D.awful55.A.successfully B.suddenly C.slowly D.quietly56.A.worse B.smaller C.fewer D.greater57.A.both B.every C.either D.all58.A.begin B.stop C.continue D.consider59.A.giveup B.putup C.giveout D.makeup60.A.everything B.nothing C.much D.Little【答案】41.C42.A43.C44.A45.B46.D47.C48.B49.C50.A51.A52.D53.B54.C55.A56.D57.D58.B59.A60.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了普通的“日常英雄”孙军的事迹，赞扬他对社会做出的贡献。【41题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：当被问到谁是我们的英雄时，像杨利伟或钟南山这样的名人可能会出现在我们的脑海中。A.that那个；B.what什么；C.who谁；D.which哪个；根据“YangLiweiorZhongNanshan”可知，这是用来回答空格处的，即“谁”是我们的英雄，因此选择who。故选C。【42题详解】考查副词和连词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我们的日常生活中有“日常”英雄。A.However然而；B.But但是；C.Though虽然；D.Or或者。由well-known和everyday可知，上下文的语境在意义上是转折关系，且空格后有标点与句子隔开，应用however表示这种逻辑关系。故选A。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们也许不那么出名，但这些普通人也在为建设一个更美好的世界而努力。A.friendly友好的；B.polite有礼貌的；C.famous著名的；D.smart聪明的；根据“YangLiweiorZhongNanshan（杨利伟或钟南山）”以及“thesecommonpeople（这些平常人）”形成对比可知，这里说的是“日常英雄”没有那么出名。故选C。【44题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：其中有孙军。A.Among在三者或三者以上中；B.Between在两者之间；C.For为了；D.Without没有。由“thesecommonpeople（这些平常人）”可知，此处指的是在众多普通人中有一个叫孙军的人。故选A。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对饥饿很了解。A.danger危险；B.hunger饥饿；C.nature自然；D.culture文化；根据“Thevillagersusedtohavenoenoughfood.（村民们过去没有足够的食物）”可知，作为其中的一个村民，他很了解饥饿。故选B。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很小就学会了节约食物。A.make制作；B.waste浪费；C.use使用；D.save节约。根据“Thevillagersusedtohavenoenoughfood.（村民们过去没有足够的食物）”可知，面对饥饿他从小就学会了节约食物。故选D。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他还是一名大学生时，他发现食物浪费的问题越来越严重。A.different不同的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.serious严重的；D.difficult困难的。根据“Hestartedto...forhomelesspeople（他开始为无家可归的人做……）”可知，他开始采取行动，这说明他发现食物浪费的问题是越来越严重的。故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始从餐馆和商店为无家可归的人收集未售出的食物。A.eat吃；B.collect收集；C.cook烹饪；D.taste品尝。根据上一题的分析可知，面对食物浪费的问题越来越严重，他应该是开始收集没有卖完的食物，然后提供给无家可归的人。故选B。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业后孙军加入了一个名为“绿色食品银行”的志愿者组织。A.party派对；B.club俱乐部；C.organization组织；D.school学校。根据“Thepurposeoftheorganizationis…（该组织的目的是）”可知，这是一个志愿者组织。故选C。【50题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：该组织于2014年在上海成立，目的是在乐于助人的人和需要帮助的人之间架起一座桥梁。A.inneed在困境中，有需要的；B.insilence沉默地；C.inexcitement兴奋地；D.insurprise惊奇地；根据“peoplewhoarereadytohelpothers（愿意帮助他人的